Australian Immunization Policies Analysis

This assignment requires analysis of various articles concerning Australia's immunization policies, particularly the 'No Jab, No Pay' policy. Students need to examine its effectiveness in boosting vaccination rates, the challenges faced in implementation, ethical considerations, and potential consequences for vulnerable populations. The focus is on evaluating the impact of these policies on public health outcomes.

1Running head: Social Science Policy Analysis
Social Science Policy Analysis
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

SOCIAL SCIENCE POLICY ANALYSIS
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Political factor..................................................................................................................................3
Economic factor...............................................................................................................................4
Social factor.....................................................................................................................................6
Historical factors..............................................................................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
Reference List................................................................................................................................11

SOCIAL SCIENCE POLICY ANALYSIS
Introduction
This study deals with a policy area such as No Jab No Pay that had been implemented
under Social Services Legislation Amendment Act 2015 and started with the operations from 1st
of January 2016. No Jab No Pay policy had been properly explained in the current segment by
mentioning both positive and negative points in detail (Yang & Studdert, 2017). The present
segment explains the political factors, economical factors, social factors and historical factors of
these policy areas. No Jab No Pay Act removes the right of the parents that become both
conscientious as well as religious objectors of vaccination for getting specific refund or benefits.
This policy had been implemented by Government so that every individual vaccines against
rubella, mumps and measles that are inaccessible and even here the natural community will be
disabled as it combines targets of Schedule vaccine. In this particular assignment, proper
emphasis had been given on policy areas of No Jab No Pay. Furthermore, immunization in
Australia is not compulsory as it need not to be contentious. More than 1, 00,000 families have
had child care rebates as well as welfare payments that had suspended or cancelled for failing for
vaccinating kids under the policy area No Jab No Pay. It was estimated that more than $38
million happened for welfare payments especially for Family Tax Benefit that gets balanced in
cases where the families have fallen behind or reject to vaccinate their children (Paxton et al.,
2016).
Political factor
The policy area (No Jab No Pay) are proposed by the Coalition Government that had
injected eagerness into politics but the policies mandate vaccination as it is morally very

SOCIAL SCIENCE POLICY ANALYSIS
unstable. In addition, No Jab No Pay plans to hold back payments of child-care as well as family
tax benefits for unvaccinated children that could cost non-compliant parents up to AUD $ 15,000
for a year. However, parents are eventually concerned for their children. All vaccines are not
100% safe and childhood vaccinations can cause febrile seizures (Johnson, 2017).
Decision are made by the government to withhold family as well as childcare payments
from parents who actually refuses to vaccinate their children as it prompts mixed reaction from
medical expert where some fear that it will drive the anti-vaccination association. It is essential
to guide the community and seek ways to impose their view on others that are raised in the
policy (Beard, Leask & McIntyre, 2017). It is therefore unfortunate to look at the policy of No
Jab No Pay where there is no vaccine as it engages in unethical behavior. Child care centres have
taken right turn to given special attention to the unvaccinated kids under new laws as it is being
drafted by the State Government
The Health Minister are considering whether to go for imposing a blanket ban on
unvaccinated children who attended child care activities. At a minimum level, the legislation
actually made it explicit that child care centres have an absolute right for turning away kids who
are not vaccinated (Fielding, Bolam & Danchin, 2017). The child care centres already have a
policy that refuses to care for unvaccinated children. This centres won but it should be
understood as mentioned under Public Health Act as they have the right to turn unvaccinated
children away. It was planned to introduce the legislation into State parliament when the
Government had decided on how strict policy it was for given period of time. In the year 2014,
the New South Wales Government had changed the Public Health Act so that the children could
not be enrolled at a child acre facility unless a parent or guardian provides an official record as it

SOCIAL SCIENCE POLICY ANALYSIS
provokes the child was fully immunized or an approved exemption was provided. However, the
Federal Government implemented policy (No Jab No Pay) that came into effect that means
families would lose welfare payment when children were not fully immunized. The New South
Wales mainly marginalizes children who already marginalized as it warrants for careful
consideration. The Australian Medical Association supports the move where it provides child
care centres the right to refuse unvaccinated children (Macartney, 2015).
Economic factor
The low coverage associates directly with the economic status as it has particular interest
to those who faces issues with non-vaccination. As per the data that is available publicly at
National Health Performance Authority, it shows that the percentage of fully immunized 5 year
old children as it is lower in the rich suburbs in areas such as Melbourne and Sydney (Amdani,
Yerrapotu & Ross, 2017). The index of relative economic advantage as well as disadvantage
score areas dealt upon continuum where it deals with skills and qualifications. The drivers for
under-vaccination are mainly depends upon markers. It is noted that double the proportion of
children shows recorded vaccination objection where top 10% of postcodes are ranked by the
economic resources as compared to those who live in the bottom line. While looking at vaccine
refusal mainly rather than just coverage, it can be viewed that wealthier parents shows interest in
registering for a vaccine objective as compared to other financially disadvantaged families.
However, future research explore findings as it will not be possible due to vaccine objection is
no longer recorded after introducing policy areas of No Jab No Pay. In this policy area, it is
mainly highlighted about the importance to track trend in vaccine objective in countries such as
Australia (Beard et al., 2016).

SOCIAL SCIENCE POLICY ANALYSIS
The Australian parents had to spend thousands of dollars for getting access to childcare as
well as safety benefits if they reject to vaccinate their children. No Jab No Pay plan was
announced by the Federal Government that has bipartisan support. There are thousands of
families that are losing payments as the management had estimated that more than 39,000
children under the age group of 7 years have not yet received immunization as their parents are
major vaccine objectors. It is believed by the Social Service Minister that it is not fair for the
taxpayers for subsidizing parents who are selecting the option of not immunizing their children.
It is argued by the Government that number of parents is opting for the meticulous objection
vaccination to get exempted for payments as it has eventually doubled over past decades. No Jab
No Pay policy will remove it as an exemption by the year 2016. According to Australian Medical
Association, there were 27,000 doctors who back up the plan (Leask & Danchin, 2017).
Vaccination can be dealt as one of the most effective public health measures that increase
the vaccination rates. The policy does not actually catch parents who do not need the benefit that
lead to children who are excluded. In this case, kids may get punished due to the position of their
parents (Thomas et al., 2017). The rest of the community need to be protected where sick people
undergo chemotherapy
In this particular plan, it is suggested by the Productivity Commission that inquires about
the child care where parents decide against immunizations that went up to $15,000 worse off per
child. In addition, they would lose a child care benefits up to $205 per week. The children
rebates up to $7500 per year or the Family Tax Benefit A annual supplements to $726
(Billington & Omer, 2016).

SOCIAL SCIENCE POLICY ANALYSIS
Social factor
It is important to consider the fact that childhood immunization coverage can be lower at
social spectrum as it exposes inherent inequity in case of policy area of No Jab No Pay. In
addition, financial penalty is more likely to be incurred that are reliant on family assistance
payments. In order to investigate the hypothesis, it is important to undertake an ecological study
that will help in determining the fact whether childhood immunization coverage by vaccines as
well as age cohort for past five years (Gibney et al., 2017).
Australian mandatory vaccines are even closer to become reality as it is needed for
welfare as well as public education. In addition, the Australian Government decided to
implement No Jab No Pay policy. The Prime Minister tried to forge a policy where parents with
unvaccinated children will not be able to enroll them in public school. It is important to further
look at the push for Australian mandatory vaccines by keeping in mind the horrendous society f
vaccines that had been injured, paralyzed as well as sterilized and killed countless people in and
across the world (Elia, Perrett & Newall, 2017).
The article on No Jab No Pay has a serious concern as it has principled sting on how this
policy area hurts poorer Australian families. This policy has harmed beyond the physical level as
it may wrongly deny funds for individuals who eventually are suffering from hardship. There is
much awareness given to half of non-vaccinators who constantly refuses and here people have
failed to vaccinate for other reasons like having an ill child or being caught up that becomes
difficult to separate in a given family situation or scenario (Johnson, 2017).
People who do not vaccinate for reasons other than difference as well as worry that tends
to be lower household incomes as the income percentage is 60% as it is less than AUD $50,000

SOCIAL SCIENCE POLICY ANALYSIS
as well as lower education levels is at 34%. However, single-parent households represent a
population of 21% as compared to 15% of families in and across the world. The preschool at
New South Wales need vaccinations that enroll children will also co-operate. Some of the
individuals are of the opinion that vaccinations are safe as well as that objects for immunization
as it endangers the community by lowering so-called herd community to diseases.
Historical factors
It was quoted by the social service minister that more than 5700 have secured their child
care payments by having their children immunized that had started with a campaign that was
held in January. Under these policy areas of No Jab No Pay, it is noted that family payments are
made up to $15,000 per year that can be withheld from parents who do not immunize their
children. However, families that receives childcare benefits as well as child care rebate actually
to get immunizations as missing out on payments (Ribar, 2017).
In the year 2016, the Federal Government boarded on a notable experiment that aims at
improving immunization rates in and across Australia (Attwell et al., 2017). Here, the
Government had taken initiation to introduce No Jab No Pay legislation for the first time.
However, conscientious objectors to vaccination had been exempted from these measures that
are no longer present.
On analysis, it is noted that there are several states that have implemented No Jab No Pay
policy area that means children who will go to child care centres to be immunized (Cohen et al.,
2015). Here, such laws are in place in areas such as New South Wales as well as Queensland and
Victoria as they are the strictest that need full immunization for attendance. It is about parents

SOCIAL SCIENCE POLICY ANALYSIS
who arrange for catch-up schedule that can continue activities for receiving the Child-care
benefit as it supplements and securing back for paying as a financial incentives to vaccinate. It is
already mentioned that the campaign help in improving vaccination rate in Australia that
properly impact of the reforms. No Jab No Pay policy area aims at finding ways for looking at
the health of children. It is the Government who remains under fire for preparing activities to
dump the booster dose of the whooping cough vaccine as given to children in the initial year as
well as delaying the establishment of the Australian Schools Vaccination Register. No Jab No
Pay policy had been implemented by the Federal Government for having led to an extra 5700
children for being vaccinated that starts from the implementing phase. No Jab No Pay policies
takes into concern withholding family payments that are worth of more than $15,000 per year to
parents who mainly fails to have their children being vaccinated (Vorsters et al., 2017). It reveals
the fact that the parents can be absolutely certain and secured now because their kids are going
into child care activities where the Government had enacted a policy that can life immunizations
such as whooping cough and polio as the kids are protected in child care activities. Vaccination
rates had fallen to such of a historically low level as it can view the re-emergence of diseases that
is free for years. It is a main matter of concern where majority of parents who are not acting as a
vaccination objector’s desire that their kids should be safe. No Jab No Pay policy address 7% of
under-vaccinated children based in Australia that makes progress on other ways that can protect
children. The Government actually sustains the interest rates by improving vaccination rates
where the vaccination programs are a pillar of public health. In countries like Australia, it is
noted that measles vaccination alone had brought a net fiscal advantage that goes upwards $9.2
billion as well as averted at least 4 million cases from the initial phases of operations (Macintyre
et al., 2016). Some of the areas are neglected that improves vaccination rates of staff members in

SOCIAL SCIENCE POLICY ANALYSIS
child care centres in the most appropriate way. In the year 2012, it is noted that less than one-
third of child care staff members will get access to updated or latest information for their
whooping cough vaccine. It is mostly considered improper as well as promote examination is
needed for these activities. It is important to give confidence to the parents that their children are
safe at the time while attending child care as well as pre-school. Furthermore, child care worker
vaccination becomes an important component that helps in minimizing risk as well as possible
for completing ways for eliminating risk in the given institutions (Hudson, Weston & Farmer,
2017).
Conclusion
At the end of the study, it is concluded that No Jab No Pay had been implemented by
Government to solve the issue of vaccination. The present study critically highlights the essence
as well as importance of policy area (No Jab No Pay) and issue of the policy at the same time.
The above analysis even highlights about policy area No Jab No Pay and how this area is
affected the society both in terms of positive and negative aspects. No Jab No Pay policy had
been implemented by the Government where every individual vaccines against diseases such as
measles, mumps and rubella as it is next to impossible to access in the near future. It is even
noted natural immunity will not be able to exclude that become impossible to access and
combines Schedule vaccine targets. The above analysis shows the need of this vaccination as it
can be understood by the age of child as it takes into account vaccines of most early childhood
by implementing “National Immunization Program”. It is about the requirement as it is listed
under two legislative instruments such as Child Care Benefits in education as well as Family
Assistance in Vaccination Schedules for the year 2015. The entire study explain about factors of

SOCIAL SCIENCE POLICY ANALYSIS
this policy area (No Jab No Pay) where Government claims that the legislation increases
Australian vaccination rates as it is a controversial hypothesis named as herd immunity.

SOCIAL SCIENCE POLICY ANALYSIS
Reference List
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Attwell, K., Attwell, K., Smith, D. T., & Smith, D. T. (2017). Parenting as politics: social
identity theory and vaccine hesitant communities. International Journal of Health
Governance, 22(3), 183-198.
Beard, F. H., Hull, B. P., Leask, J., Dey, A., & McIntyre, P. B. (2016). Trends and patterns in
vaccination objection, Australia, 2002–2013. The Medical Journal of Australia, 204(7),
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Australia: the jury is out. The Medical Journal of Australia, 206(9), 381-383.
Billington, J. K., & Omer, S. B. (2016). Use of fees to discourage nonmedical exemptions to
school immunization laws in US states. American journal of public health, 106(2), 269-
270.
Cohen, L. L., Rodrigues, N. P., Lim, C. S., Bearden, D. J., Welkom, J. S., Joffe, N. E., ... &
Cousins, L. A. (2015). Automated parent-training for preschooler immunization pain
relief: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of pediatric psychology, 40(5), 526-534.
Elia, S., Perrett, K., & Newall, F. (2017). Providing opportunistic immunisations for at‐risk
inpatients in a tertiary paediatric hospital. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric
Nursing, 22(1).

SOCIAL SCIENCE POLICY ANALYSIS
Fielding, J. E., Bolam, B., & Danchin, M. H. (2017). Immunisation coverage and socioeconomic
status–questioning inequity in the ‘No Jab, No Pay’policy. Australian and New Zealand
Journal of Public Health, 41(5), 455-457.
Gibney, K. B., Brahmi, A., O’Hara, M., Morey, R., & Franklin, L. (2017). Challenges in
managing a school‐based measles outbreak in Melbourne, Australia, 2014. Australian
and New Zealand journal of public health, 41(1), 80-84.
Hudson, J. N., Weston, K. M., & Farmer, E. A. (2017). Changes in medical education to help
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Johnson, C. (2017). No jab no pay gets tougher. Australian Medicine, 29(9), 10.
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Leask, J., & Danchin, M. (2017). Imposing penalties for vaccine rejection requires strong
scrutiny. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 53(5), 439-444.
Macartney, K. (2015). Opinion: Forget'no jab, no pay'schemes, there are better ways to boost
vaccination. Australian Medicine, 27(2A), 21.
Macintyre, C. R., Karki, S., Sheikh, M., Zwar, N., & Heywood, A. E. (2016). The role of travel
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Ribar, D. C. (2017). Welfare and Children's Well‐Being. Australian Economic Review, 50(3),
348-355.
Thomas, S., Islam, F., Durrheim, D. N., & Cashman, P. (2017). Addressing Barriers to
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Vorsters, A., Arbyn, M., Baay, M., Bosch, X., de Sanjosé, S., Hanley, S., ... & Van Damme, P.
(2017). Overcoming barriers in HPV vaccination and screening
programs. Papillomavirus Research, 4, 45-53.
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