Technology Plan for Project

This document provides a technology plan for a project, including a business model canvas, needs assessment, IT initiatives, IT sourcing, and organizational change. It covers topics such as high-level business requirements, types of technologies needed, information flow, and ethical dilemmas.

1
Technology Plan for Project
Name of the Student
Name of the University

2
Table of Contents
A. Business Model Canvas............................................................................................3
B. Needs Assessment.....................................................................................................4
High Level Business Requirements...........................................................................4
Assumptions, Constraints and Dependencies............................................................5
The AS-IS business process...........................................................................................6
The To-Be business process...........................................................................................7
Types of Technologies Needed......................................................................................7
Information Flow for the Business Model.....................................................................9
Business Value or Purpose for Needs..........................................................................10
Current needs vs. potential future needs......................................................................10
Ethical Dilemmas.....................................................................................................11
C. POST Model............................................................................................................11
People.......................................................................................................................11
Objective..................................................................................................................12
Strategy....................................................................................................................12
Technology...............................................................................................................16
D. Prioritize IT initiatives............................................................................................17
E. IT Sourcing, Human Capital, and Organizational Change......................................18
Surface the people, process, and organizational aspects of the change required.....18
Outline approach to sourcing technology, resources, etc.........................................19

3
Identify potential strategic vendors/partners that may be considered......................20
Acknowledge incremental resource requirements, staffing needs, training, on
boarding, etc.........................................................................................................................21
Recommendations to facilitate the organizational change process..........................21
IT Planning Strategy and Measurement.......................................................................22
References....................................................................................................................27

4
A. Business Model Canvas
The following Business Model Canvas is designed for the proposed mobile app
MEDawi. The BMC below provides brief executive summaries for the main components
associated with the venture or the case study. The following diagram encompasses all the
necessary building blocks of a proper Business Model Canvas.
Key Partners:
They key
partners and
external
stakeholders in
this project are:
Egyptian
Company and
Apple for the
App Store
Key Activities:
The key
activities in this
venture are
firstly
developing the
application,
development of
the related
contents and the
corresponding
documentations
and reports
Value
Propositions:
The venture
aims to
develop a
specific tool
that increases
health
outcomes and
on the other
hand,
decreases
expenditures
associated with
the health
issues
Customer
Relationships:
The proposed
application is
dedicated to promote
personal help and
care. It enables an
automated and
personalized set of
messages and a set
of instructions. Apart
from that, the
customers of this app
is directly related
with the venture in
terms of providing
user reviews and
ratings as well as
getting motivational
rewards.
Customer
Segments:
The particular
customer segment
being targeted in
this venture
involves the non-
adherent
medication users,
physicians and the
insurance
companies
Key Resources:
The key
resources
associated with
this venture are
the customer
Channels:
The primary
channels identified
in this venture are
social media
accounts WhatsApp

5
database,
financials,
government and
legislation
approvals, and
the software app
and the iOS
application.
Cost Structure:
The cost structure for this venture
is distributed into app development
and maintenance, operation and
content development costs, and app
store commission fees.
Revenue Streams:
The revenue stream formulated for this project comes mainly
from the Freemium mobiles ads, sponsorships for the
freemium version and through the subscription for the paid
version.
Table 1: Business Model Canvas
(Source: Created by the learner)
B. Needs Assessment
The basic needs assessment for the MEDawi App includes the high-level business
requirements, which are understated as follows:
High Level Business Requirements
 To enable appropriate user interaction with the application and implement the
key functionality based on this particular requirement
 To add special administrative functions for monitoring the overall use of the
system application
 To enable a fully running and fully functioning system backup plan
 To develop the application in such a way so that it is capable of providing
context sensitive help for the patients in medication

6
 To ensure that the entire venture adheres to the governmental and legislative
policies and properly addresses the required privacy and security compliance
and constraints
 As it is an IT project, hence, it will be made sure that complies with all the
security requirements throughout all the stages of software development
 The venture will address all the important information sharing needs involving
multiple channels such as mobile, desktop, web, etc.
 To address the increasing medical awareness among patients, enable
medication administration and personalized medication therapy
Assumptions, Constraints and Dependencies
The project hasto be completed successfully within a pre-specified and stipulated time
span. In addition, the key criteria of the venture should be maintained appropriately
throughout the duration of the project. Apart from that, the budget is another constraint
associated with the project. The issues related to the out of scope activities are handled
properly.
The mobile app presently runs only on iOS operating systems. In order to use the
MEDawi app, a user has to be a registered member with a subscription identification number.
Apart from that, every time a user needs to login to the app, he or she would require entering
the login credentials (including user name and passwords).

7
The AS-IS business process
Figure 1: The As-Is business process for the MEDawi app
(Source: Created by the learner)
The above business process management diagram is created after analysis of the
current flow of information of the MEDawi application. The application is designed for
performing different features and allowing the user to enter their medication and enabling
notification to be generated from the application. The flow is demonstrated into two phases
and the output of the physical variable monitoring phase transmitted to the monitoring and
control phase for storing the variable and get notification. The patient state is analysed and
the patient is redirected to take medication and provided referral link as recommendation for
improving the current health condition.

8
The To-Be business process
Figure 2: The To-Be business process for the MEDawi app
(Source: Created by the learner)
New features are added in the To Be state for allowing the patient to get YouTube
content and enabling monitoring the health condition. New feature of suggesting videos about
proper medication and taking methods for taking insulin is provided to the patient. Moreover
the data from previous process is fetched for recommending videos about the patient health
condition. The to be diagram is kept simple and evidence based content is used for the
development of the content and simplification of the operation of the application. The To

9
diagram is created after checking the errors in the AS IS diagram and can help in shortening
the phases and adding different channels to reach the result.
Types of Technologies Needed
The various types of technologies required in this project for successfully deploying
the start up with the mobile app MEDawi are identified as follows:
Social media sites: The software development updates will be shared in various social
media sites. To be more precise, a Facebook page will be created in order to share important
information, news and updates. Apart from that, a Twitter and an Instagram account will also
be created for the same purpose. A WhatsApp group will be created for internal
communication purposes.
E-commerce engine: In order to start the business with this new software app, the
venture associates itself with one of the popular E-commerce engine ‘Weebly’. For
establishing the subscription schemes for users to use the application, a specific payment
gateway has been implemented with the PayPal system.
Applications: Apart from the development and coding and designing applications
used for the proposed system, several third party apps have been utilized for fully
implementing and deploying the venture. For instance, the payment processing application
PayPal is used for designing the payment gateway. In addition, Apple Store is approached for
the application hosting purposes. Google Play Store can also be approached in future in order
to support an Android version of the MEDawi app.
Supply Chain Management (SCM): There are several SCM software systems
available for small start-up businesses. In this context, the Zoho mobile apps will be used for
handling the cloud ERP and business management suite. As a web based SCM solution, this
particular software essentially reduces the total cost and overheads. It also takes the

10
responsibility of streamlining both the back end and front-end operations for the growing
operational needs of the business. It has facilities for knowledge base, phone support, online
support as well as video tutorials.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM): For managing the customer
relationships, the business would use the HubSpot or the Zoho CRM tools as it provides some
free basic features, which is highly useful for small start-up businesses. Through using a
separately dedicated platform for CRM, it is possible to keep track of the activities, profiles
and contacts of the stakeholders as well as the customers and ultimately manage all of the
information and data in a simple easy to use and comprehensive dashboard.
Email: A hosted email app can be used for communication purposes. For instance, in
order to manage the internal communications required to carry out the venture in a successful
manner, it is necessary to establish a consistent, standardized and common platform or
channel for the team of professionals who are working on the project. For instance, Microsoft
Web Outlook can be used for serving the same purpose of internal communication.
Apart from that, the venture also involves phone systems, operational, collaboration
tools, and various internal infrastructural and web development components.
Information Flow for the Business Model
Financial information flow: The financial information flow is one of the major
information flows within the small business area. The supply chain of this venture essentially
involves some economic aspects and the associated information regarding this aspect needs to
be handled carefully and efficiently.
Product information flow: It involves the information about the consumers, retailers,
manufacturers, supplier and distributors. The information regarding the identified key
stakeholders and their activities will be associated in this context.

11
Sales information flow: It is the most important information flow of the overall
business model. It deals with the overall business sales acquired through the system
application. It involves subscription deals as applied by the users of the MEDawi app.
Business Value or Purpose for Needs
Following medical prescriptions and medical routines is a stressful job for a lot of
patients. Moreover, it is usually difficult for them to follow-up the routines once they are
released from the hospital. Thus, this app will be highly beneficial, as it will provide
reminders to the patients regarding the exact times they need to take their medications along
with the dosage of that particular medication.
Current needs vs. potential future needs
The current needs of this medical healthcare app encompass wellness, treatment
monitoring and online support for the patients. Hence, it is addressing the growing need of
consistent health planning and integrating doctor’s prescription follow-ups through mobile
technology. According to Singh et al. (2016), 93 % of the world’s physicians as well as 88 %
patients prefer to use mobile technologies to enable proper patient care. In addition, many
healthcare institutions are rapidly launching new apps every day all of which aim at health
care and monitoring of patient’s health.
In a recent survey, the majority of doctor’s have agreed that the use of mobile
applications can potentially simplify the process of interacting with the patients. Moreover,
wearable health care devices (also known as ‘wearable tech’) are gaining high popularity
among urban users. Many small companies are developing medical apps that are highly
appreciated by the users. Therefore, the future of technology in the healthcare industry is
looking highly promising. New trends and functionalities are being discovered every day.

12
The application of big data and predictive analytics will also be happening in the future for
tracking the biological data of the patients.
Ethical Dilemmas
In MEDawi, there are a number of different issues that should be taken into
consideration regarding ethics. Firstly, the data entered by users should be protected as each
user is registered with their phone number. Insurance companies will be interested to know
about their list of medications added so they can adjust their prices accordingly. This is
because medications will indicate the current conditions thesepatients have. The other issue is
the content offered to the user, MEDawiwould offer personalised and simple content that is
evidence-based. However, patients may suffer from rare side effects, which MEDawi will not
add to their content, and users may lose trust and probably sue MEDawi. However, to
overcome this issue, once users add a certain brand of medication, the leaflet or Consumer
Medicine Leaflet (CML) of that medication will be added automatically as shown in Figure
3. It is important to note that the terms of use and privacy documents are prepared for users to
see them, Apple has prepared and approved both, and first page of each is shown in the
INDEX.
C. POST Model
People
Target market for current and future social media ideas: The target market for
future and current social media ideas encompasses the patients who are just released from
hospitals and is required to stay in a continuous monitoring process. Moreover, it will be
useful for parents who have children who are under medication.

13
The traditional demographics (e.g., age, location) that represent this target market:
The traditional demographics involve an age group between 21 to 75 years. It is not location
specific.
The online social behaviours (e.g., creators, critics) that represent this target
market: The online social behaviour representing this target market includes the user reviews
and ratings on the App Store and Google search engine. In addition to that, the comments and
posts from the critiques and other customers who are direct and indirect users of the MEDawi
app are also included in this category.
Customer “personas” that represent different social media behaviours (if
applicable): There are no customer personas, which can represent the social media behaviour
for this particular app.
Objective
The current and future objective(s) regarding the use of social media: The use of
social media is highly important in this context because it will increase health awareness
about the various diseases along with the associated medical conditions. Moreover, it also
ensures that the social media campaigns further helps the patients to understand the benefits
of using the MEDawi app. Apart from that, the use of social media can further be useful in
order to build brand awareness. Furthermore, it also help with customer engagement and
customer service, grow leads and sales in a certain region or for a certain product and
ultimately for improving collaboration between the employees.
Strategy
The fundamental contents needed for a fully functioning mobile application are the
facilities to sign up or register and login to the system. After that, proper on-boarding is
required. There needs to be navigation and subscription facilities. Other contents required

14
include all requirements document for MEDawi app (such as the primary technical
information and assets) for a successful Apple App Store submission. The technical assets
should further include the general assets such as the icon or logo of the app that can be
supported by the Apple App Store in terms of size. Apart from that, it also includes app
descriptions, search keywords and the list of supported OS (operating system) versions and
supported devices. Another important content to consider is the Privacy Policy and the Terms
of Use, copyright information and contact information. Along with that, there are several
other contents to focus on. For instance, preparing the user manual and technical specification
for the MEDawi mobile app is a significantly crucial job.
In the health care industry, technology wise there are very few apps that have
addressed such an issue so far. The uniqueness of MEDawi app lies in its attempt to solve a
trivial but important problem that patients face usually after they are released from a hospital.
To be more precise, usually after a patient is released from a hospital or nursing home, he still
needs to follow a certain mediation course for a pre-specified time period. However, it is
usually very difficult for older patients to remember the exact time to take the medicine or the
required dose of medicine that he needs to take. The MEDawi app solves this problem by
reminding the patient about these things and setting alert system/ alarming him when it is
time to take the medicine.
The community is effectively built by creating a relatable and comprehensive social
media platform where all the users can gather in order to understand the use, functionality
and aim/ purpose of the MEDawi app. Moreover, the client can easily identify the key
influencer by developing a useful online network that involves the target customer segments.

15
Think about the 2 L’s: What does the client need to be listening for (e.g., sentiment of new
products)? Determine the right metrics to measure success. What are some of the learning
aspects of the social media initiative (e.g., customer feedback, new product ideas)?
Every business has its own individual group of metrics that is right for that particular
business in terms of measuring the overall business success. First of all, in the case of the
MEDawi app, the ‘soft metrics’ are highly important to be considered. The soft metrics in
this context refer to the user ratings and reviews posted in the Apple App Store, SEO
rankings as well as overall customer feedbacks in the various social networking and social
media web sites. The soft metrics can typically enable the business to derive a deeper insight
in to developing appropriate tactics for improving brand awareness as well as conduct
campaigns. Apart from these soft metrics, other metrics for measuring the success for
MEDawi app that need to be consider include SEO traffic, sales leads, return on marketing
investment, cost per lead, number of total subscriptions, lead score etc. (Hirsch et al., 2015)
The fundamental learning aspects of the social media initiative are essentially new
product ideas as well as customer feedback. To be more precise, the user reviews and ratings
posted by customers in the Apple App Store should be individually read, addressed or replied
in order to maintain customer satisfaction by means of providing honest, effective and
efficient customer service (Krebs and Duncan, 2015). Furthermore, it is essential to ensure 24
x 7 online availability, more specifically when the business has an online and multiple social
media presence. Therefore, a separate team needs to be assigned who would manage the
customer feedbacks, reply and respond to each and every query and request raised by the
customers in a timely and fruitful manner.
Apart from that, a thorough and updated knowledge about the same industry market
place is highly crucial in order to gain competitive advantage in the technical field. There are

16
a large number of health care apps; however, the MEDawi app is unique and different in
terms of its features, purpose, aim and general objectives. Therefore, in order to be able to
address the needs of the patient, it is significantly important to understand the preferences and
problems that the target customers are facing in order to give them the best solution.
The client needs to select the most suitable and most appropriate adoption strategy to
implement the social media ideas. In the modern day and age of technological evolution, no
business can survive long enough without social media integration. Therefore, an adoption
and integration strategy for managing the visibility of MEDawi app in social media has been
figured out. The social media integration is one of the primary aspects in this venture. Social
media integration has been started from the initial stages of the project and it gradually went
on throughout the life cycle of the mobile app development process (Mosley and Travers,
2016). After the website for the business was hosted, the individual social media platforms
were integrated using hyperlinks. The client aims to gain benefit from interacting with the
customers via the social media platforms.
It is essential to identify any social media roles that are needed in this venture to be
successful. Firstly, communication manager is to be hired who would be responsible for
managing all the social media communication. Hiring of two staff, Social Media
Administrators, to handle Social Media accounts and post new content and public health
awareness messages on daily bases. Alignment of social media campaigns with the
International Health Days Calendar, listed below in Table 1. This will allow the App to
increase public health awareness about these respective diseases and medical conditions and
the involvements of such tools to control such diseases using MEDawi app.
Technology
Social media technology platforms:

17
Facebook will be essentially associated with the venture for the MEDawi app because
a Facebook page will help the users to know in detail about the important updates, features
and news about the application and its uses. Furthermore, it will also help users to stay
updated about other related information about the specific diseases and their corresponding
medical conditions (Singh et al., 2016). Apart from that, associated Twitter, Pinterest and
LinkedIn accounts can also be used to reach towards a greater customer base and increase
awareness about the business. To be more precise, being available in multiple social media
platforms is essentially effective in terms of increasing customer base, improving brand
awareness and enhancing customer relationship. It helps understanding the target customers
and their preferences and expectations.
Integration between the web sites and social media platforms:
It is essential to establish proper integration between the website for the MEDawi app
and the individual social media platform. It is required because people who will visit the
website can easily click on the hyperlinks in order to redirect themselves into the associated
social media platform. In this way, it will highly enhance the overall exposure of the
application and thereby, more and more people will know about the application and its scope
and area of operation (Tency,De Winne and Coorevits, 2019). Furthermore, integrating the
entire social media platform further helps the business in terms of improving customer
service. More so, because the customers can dig in all the details they want about the
application just by visiting the corresponding web site and then clicking on the respective
social media links.
Mobile platforms
The mobile app will be supported by the Apple iOS operating system, which is
presently developed. However, in future there is a plan to make it compatible with the

18
Android operating systems too. The mobile app MEDawi can presently be downloaded from
the App Store of Apple. It can smoothly run in iPhones and the associated social media
websites for the MEDawi app can be easily accessed through a smart phone with adequate
internet connection.
D. Prioritize IT initiatives
The proposed IT initiatives that could be implemented to address the business
requirements outlined in the Needs Assessment should essentially involve a dedicated
segment for the back logs (if any activities are pending or existing back logs to be cleared). In
other words, the infrastructure for the venture should keep a separate space to address the
backlogs. It further should include the data dump, quality metrics, as well as an internal
prioritization system.
IT initiative should further involve focusing on designing systematic cost metrics,
targets as well as baselines. For this purpose, updating the system library in a regular basis
essentially helps. A flow assurance model can be prepared in order to keep track of the
progress. The milestones are to be set accordingly. Based on the proposed IT initiative for
managing the outlined high level requirements, it will be much easier to support the
upcoming integrations. Significant IT initiatives can likewise be tossed on to the guide to
show when objectives are relied upon to be met. Not exclusively will this mark an advance
by prioritizing a specific event, however it will get all partners moving in the direction of a
similar course of events (Zhao and Balagué, 2015). Along these lines, while an improvement
guide gets more inside and out than other innovation guide precedents on this rundown,
regardless it is an abnormal state approach. As a result, the activities imply this is not the spot
to follow the project’s secondary issues or activities; it is the spot for development team
members to share what their group is really moving in the direction of (Van Velthoven et al.,
2018).

19
E. IT Sourcing, Human Capital, and Organizational Change
Surface the people, process, and organizational aspects of the change required
Above all else, bringing about a significant change in the organization greatly relies
upon the general population required with the task and requires getting them ready. On the
off chance that the ideal change is not imparted successfully or inside the appropriate
measure of time, a number of outcomes can happen, thwarting even the most painstakingly
unexpected outcomes (Nagappan and Shihab, 2016). Thus, it is the responsibility of the
change manager to take care of the main components of organizational change (People,
Process and Technology) in order to set up the correct procedures to help any hierarchical or
computerized change is significant. All together for change the IT managers and executives
implement in order to succeed, strategizing is critical, and the organizational aspects are
highly prioritized. Putting an appropriate procedure in place is basic to guarantee the group is
set up for the change occurring (BinDhim, Hawkeyand Trevena, 2015). With representatives
ready and procedures successfully strategized, change and innovation is the last bit of the
riddle that can unite everything and help keep everything adjusted, up and running as desired.
The correct change the board devices can help associations keep up consistence in a quickly
changing worldwide scene, too. Business changes are something other than executing new
frameworks (Schnall et al., 2016). Leap forward business changes moreover convey fruitful
reception of new capacities. An extensive and coordinated way to deal with Transformational
Change Management essentially incorporates individuals, forms, also, innovation. By
effectively adjusting and coordinating these components in an arranged and 'capacity
concentrated' way, the organization can effectively supervise, manage, implement and deploy
the change process (Rieger and Majchrzak, 2016).At times over the span of typical business
activity, it is important for the executives to alter the association's procedure to accomplish
the objectives of the organization, or even to change the statement of purpose of the

20
association because of requests of the outside situations (Gill, Sridhar and Grewal, 2017).
Modifying an organization's technique may include changing its basic way to deal with
working together: the business sectors it will focus on, the sorts of items it will sell, how they
will be sold, its vital introduction, the dimension of worldwide movement, and its different
partners and different joint‐business courses of action (Dageförde et al., 2016). Keep in mind
that vital, auxiliary, process‐oriented, and people‐centred changes happen consistently in
powerful organizations. Regularly, changes in one of these territories sway changes in
different regions. According to a number of IT managers, a change is frequently responsive
and just a handy solution; at that point they prepare themselves for more changes later on
(Conway et al., 2016). The executives need to understand that genuine basic issues in
associations must be considered on the basis of long‐term outcomes. Therefore, when the
organizational changes are actually implemented, cautious idea must be given to guarantee
that the new procedures are for the long‐term benefit of the organization.
Outline approach to sourcing technology, resources, etc.
It also takes the responsibility of streamlining both the back end and front-end
operations for the growing operational needs of the business. It has facilities for knowledge
base, phone support, online support as well as video tutorials. Following medical
prescriptions and medical routines is a stressful job for many patients. Moreover, it is usually
difficult for them to follow-up the routines once they are released from the hospital
(Ehrenhard et al., 2017). Thus, this app will be highly beneficial, as it will provide reminders
to the patients regarding the exact times they need to take their medications along with the
dosage of that particular medication. The technical assets should further include the general
assets such as the icon or logo of the app that can be supported by the Apple App Store in
terms of size. Apart from that, it also includes app descriptions, search keywords and the list
of supported OS (operating system) versions and supported devices. The online social

21
behaviour representing this target market includes the user reviews and ratings on the App
Store and Google search engine. In addition to that, the comments and posts from the
critiques and other customers who are direct and indirect users of the MEDawi app are also
included in this category. Lastly, Facebook will be essentially associated with the venture for
the MEDawi app because a Facebook page will help the users to know in detail about the
important updates, features and news about the application and its uses.
Identify potential strategic vendors/partners that may be considered
The potential strategic partners that can be considered involve the third party vendors
for the SCM and the VRM software as well as the payment gateway vendor namely, HubSpot
and PayPal. In addition to that, the E-commerce engine that has been considered for
developing the application hosting platform is selected as the Weebly software, so that the
knowledge base and online support can be effectively managed. Apart from that, the potential
vendor other than these is the Apple Store for application where the MEDawi app will be
available for download and installation. The Egyptian company has been approached and the
project sponsor has been identified as the potential strategic partners or stakeholders of the
project development of the MEDawi app.
Acknowledge incremental resource requirements, staffing needs, training, on boarding,
etc.
The incremental resources are definitely time, staff and budget. However, from the
project management perspective, it has been estimated and stipulated in the Gantt chart and
PERT chart using MS Project. In addition to that, the staffing needs have been considered
starting from the initial phase of the development of the specific mobile software app
throughout the project ending at the last stage, which is the communication, maintenance and
control stage of the project. Apart from that, the technicians and experts will document the
user manual for the project so that the app becomes adequately convenient, comprehensive as

22
well as easy to use. The employees will be trained on operating the software and performing
the administrative functionalities. In addition to that, the on-boarding process will be handled
based on their competency, qualification and experience level to handle a particular
application such as the MEDawi app.
Recommendations to facilitate the organizational change process
The modern technology and related sciences have greatly helped in improving the
overall organizational change process. A proper change management process needs to ensure
that all the key stakeholders for the project is updated about the change and the change affects
them as expected. In addition to that, it is highly recommended to follow the below
techniques in order to facilitate an appropriate organizational change process with respect to
the MEDawi app development project:
Firstly, it is highly required to go about the project with careful planning. In other
words, it is essential to identify the best possible outcomes of the venture and identify the
ways or paths that can be followed in order to reach those alternative outcomes. However, the
end goal should be thoroughly analysed and justified.
Secondly, it is crucial to establish a well defined governance and thereby take the
decisions based on a certain set of pre defined rules and regulations that were established in
order to reach to the desired level of organizational change. It also involves keeping the
stakeholders highly engaged throughout the process of organizational change within the
business or firm.
Thirdly, in order to achieve a successful organizational change, it is important to
assign dedicated leadership roles to people who are able to take hard responsibilities and
successfully meet the end goal within the stipulated time span. In other words, the change
management process needs to be kept stable by selecting the most suitable and appropriate

23
leaders who are 100 % dedicated and committed towards their job and in turn show proper
reliable behaviour. Not only that, a good leader who can influence the other members of the
team is highly beneficial for a successful organizational change.
Fourthly, organizational change management can only be successful if all the
stakeholders are kept in the loop throughout the change management, change implementation
and deployment processes. In other words, the stakeholders should be equally participating in
the project and should be updated about each and every step that has been undertaken during
the change implementation process. It can only be achieved if the employees and the
stakeholders cannot communicate within themselves in a consistent and concise manner. It is
further inevitable that the information about the expected change should be clear and
common to every stakeholder, consumer and every other individual associated with the
venture either directly or indirectly.
IT Planning Strategy and Measurement
During the planning phase, all the strengths as well as weaknesses are calculated and
without a perfect plan the development of the mobile application is totally meaningless. In
the phase of analysis, the software’s performance is analyzed at several stages and notes are
made on all the extra requirement and this phase is a very crucial one for proceeding further
to the next stage. Once the analysis has been completed, an architecture of the project is built
and this particular step will be removing any type of flaws if present by particularly setting a
standard and attempt for sticking to it. After the designing stage, the main task will be started
in the development and the implementation phase and maximum of the budget will be spent
in this particular section. Once the mobile app will be developed, the particular stage of
implementation will come into place where the mobile application goes through a pilot study
for seeing if it is functioning appropriately or not. Then comes the stage of testing in which
the software is assessed for any type of errors if there are any present. After testing is done,

24
the software will be undergoing through a process of maintenance where it will be maintained
as well as upgraded time to time for adapting to any kind of changes. All the said stages of
the development of the mobile application will be requiring about 1000$ for its
implementation. About 200$ additional will be required for the purpose of marketing in
attracting a number of users towards the mobile applications which is going to be developed.
The above estimated budget will be involving all the cost of implementation, hardware,
support as well as integration. The maintenance cost will be about 60$. About 20$ will be
associated with any kind of updates. The gain on the investment can be identified by all the
improved internal inefficiencies and the increment of the sales. Both of these two metric will
be helping in assessing the ROI of the activity. All the tangible KPIS will be including the
main goal which is the increased number of sales and the improvement of all the
inefficiencies which are present internally. Once all the costs are estimated, ROI will be
calculated. ROI will be calculated by the formula ROI = (Investment Gain – Investment Cost)
/ Cost of Investment (percentage). The critical success factors will be mainly including the
faster loading time, small storage space, ease of use, free to download and involvement of
analytics. Customers mostly prefers those apps which takes small time in loading and
occupies small space of storage. It must be fully free so that a huge number of customers will
be attracted by several consumers. Risk factors will be involving building an app which will
not be wanted by all the end users and addition of a huge number of features. The app must
be having a full vision for the app. It must also be remembered that adding a huge number of
features may make the app much more complex which may not be liked by all the customers.
S
. No.
Activity Durat
ion
Start Date Finish
Date
1 More emphasize
upon the UX of the app
02 02/05/2019 04/05/2
019

25
2 Better approach for
the development of the app
04 06/05/2019 10/05/2
019
3 Incorporation of
better Analytics
06 11/05/2019 17/05/2
019
4 Capturing of
Metrics for knowing the
user of behaviour
07 18/05/2019 25/05/2
019
5 Ensuring integrity
with the deployment of app
05 26/05/2019 31/05/2
019
6 Ensuring high
responsiveness of the app
10 01/06/2019 11/06/2
019
7 Ensuring the
integration of application to
the back-end systems as
well as cloud
05 12/06/2019 17/06/2
019
8 Incorporation of
several measures of security
for the app
02 18/06/2019 20/06/2
019
9 Testing of the app
across several devices as
well as platforms
01 21/06/2019 22/06/2
019
1
0
Making the
environment of
development much more
simpler
01 23/06/2019 24/06/2
019

26
The road map for the development of app will be comprising of the following
components:
Component 1: Validation of the idea
Component 2: Research of the market
Component 3: Creation of Wire frame
Component 4: App testing in the mobile
Component 5: Monetisation
Component 6: Launch of the app
Component 7: Marketing of the app
It will be better if some mobile app developers can also be engaged for taking up the
challenge and in keeping the quotient of the innovation much higher so that all the customers
get engaged to a huge extent. This is because market research is really very much important
before moving forward. Ideas can also be compared with that of the trends of the Google and
there must be a deep knowledge with the keyword planner of the Google. Based upon the
inputs which are to be given, the keyword planner will be helping a lot by coming up with
huge number of new ideas. Whenever it will be done, it will be observed that a list of several
search phrases will be present which will help all the customers in assessing the app as per
their requirement. There must also be a market research comprising of the app objective,
customers which are targeted, unique app features, app investment, and marketing of the app
and lastly the maintenance of the app. Now, whenever it is known that the app is evoking the
audience’s interests, it is to be highly recommended to wireframe the app of the mobile. A
wireframe is mainly a blueprint of the app which is structural and it mostly contains several
diagrams which depicts several objects upon the screen and some other features as well. This

27
can be considered as a very important step which cannot be missed out at all. If it is missed, it
is to be added as soon as possible. It is really very important for the mobile app as with the
help of wireframe, a clear idea can be obtained which will show how the app will look and it
will also show various features and the users of the app will be able to navigate to the app
very easily. Hence, all these features must be added before the mobile app is finally released.

28
References
BinDhim, N.F., Hawkey, A. and Trevena, L., 2015. A systematic review of quality
assessment methods for smartphone health apps. Telemedicine and e-Health, 21(2), pp.97-
104.
Conway, N., Campbell, I., Forbes, P., Cunningham, S. and Wake, D., 2016. mHealth
applications for diabetes: user preference and implications for app development. Health
informatics journal, 22(4), pp.1111-1120.
Dageförde, J.C., Reischmann, T., Majchrzak, T.A. and Ernsting, J., 2016, January.
Generating app product lines in a model-driven cross-platform development approach.
In 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 5803-5812).
IEEE.
Ehrenhard, M., Wijnhoven, F., van den Broek, T. and Stagno, M.Z., 2017. Unlocking how
start-ups create business value with mobile applications: Development of an App-enabled
Business Innovation Cycle. Technological forecasting and social change, 115, pp.26-36.
Gill, M., Sridhar, S. and Grewal, R., 2017. Return on engagement initiatives: A study of a
business-to-business mobile app. Journal of Marketing, 81(4), pp.45-66.
Hirsch, S., Pereymer, A. and Rajpal, S., Media Direct Inc, 2015. Systems and methods for a
mobile business application development and deployment platform. U.S. Patent 8,978,006.
Krebs, P. and Duncan, D.T., 2015. Health app use among US mobile phone owners: a
national survey. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 3(4), p.e101.
Majchrzak, T.A. and Ernsting, J., 2015. Achieving business practicability of model-driven
cross-platform apps.

29
Nagappan, M. and Shihab, E., 2016, March. Future trends in software engineering research
for mobile apps. In 2016 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Software Analysis,
Evolution, and Reengineering (SANER) (Vol. 5, pp. 21-32). IEEE.
Rieger, C. and Majchrzak, T.A., 2016, September. Weighted evaluation framework for cross-
platform app development approaches. In EuroSymposium on Systems Analysis and
Design (pp. 18-39). Springer, Cham.
Schnall, R., Rojas, M., Bakken, S., Brown, W., Carballo-Dieguez, A., Carry, M., Gelaude,
D., Mosley, J.P. and Travers, J., 2016. A user-centered model for designing consumer mobile
health (mHealth) applications (apps). Journal of biomedical informatics, 60, pp.243-251.
Singh, K., Drouin, K., Newmark, L.P., Rozenblum, R., Lee, J., Landman, A., Pabo, E.,
Klinger, E.V. and Bates, D.W., 2016. Developing a framework for evaluating the patient
engagement, quality, and safety of mobile health applications. Issue Brief (Commonw
Fund), 5(1), p.11.
Stoyanov, S.R., Hides, L., Kavanagh, D.J., Zelenko, O., Tjondronegoro, D. and Mani, M.,
2015. Mobile app rating scale: a new tool for assessing the quality of health mobile
apps. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 3(1), p.e27.
Tency, I., De Winne, D. and Coorevits, P., 2019. Mobile Health (mHealth) applications: A
challenge in future health care. Experience from the NeoParent App research project. In 3rd
CARE4–International Scientific Nursing and Midwifery Congress 2019, Date: 2019/02/04-
2019/02/06, Location: Leuven.
Van Velthoven, M.H., Smith, J., Wells, G. and Brindley, D., 2018. Digital health app
development standards: a systematic review protocol. BMJ open, 8(8), p.e022969.

30
Zhao, Z. and Balagué, C., 2015. Designing branded mobile apps: Fundamentals and
recommendations. Business Horizons, 58(3), pp.305-315.