Organizational change management PDF

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ORGANISATION CHANGE MANAGEMENT
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Change drivers
A driver of change can be said to be either external or internal pressure that brings about
need for change in an organization. This includes the change of plans or operations. Internal
drivers are the change the organization has control over them. For instance, PAT is revising
terms and conditions of the workers and laying off some workers in order to minimize the cost of
operation. External drivers of change are factors that the company has no direct control over
them. These drivers of change are very sensitive and any organization should take into
consideration how they respond to these changes. PAT external factors of change include stiff
competition, customer's satisfaction among others.
PAT is experiencing financial losses and hence want to reduce operational cost. Finance
is key in any business. No business without money or while making losses. According to this
view, PAT finds financial management as a powerful tool which needs to be taken into
consideration. Financial management needs to cater for the increased fuel prices, airport tax, and
an increase in prices of general commodities and the high salary of the employees has made the
company to make losses1. These financial factors are internal drivers that have led to call for
change.
PAT is facing stiff competition from its competitors. The rise in the price of a traveler's
comfort items are minimizing the profit margins of the company. This has made the company to
face stiff competition from other airline companies. In return, the company has continued to lose
1 Ernest, Alexander. How organizations act together: Interorganizational coordination in
theory and practice. Routledge, 2014.

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their customer and hence making less profit. This makes the company plan for change in the way
they carry out their activities to be competitive than their competitors.
Political influence as an external drive of change affects PAT is a great way. The
government increase on airport tax has negatively affected the business environment. PAT has
reported operating on losses due to an increase of airport tax. Its profit margins are also reducing.
This ``makes the company feel there is a need for change for it to remain in the market.
The economy also acts as a change driver in the PAT. There exists an intimate
relationship between the firm and its economic environment. Economic environment plays a
major role in the performance of any business. Financial fluctuations like the increase in the
price of commodities badly affect the company2. Its negative effect on the business makes the
management to call for changes in the way the company does its operations. Economy is an
external driver of change.
Technology as an internal driver of change, affect PAT. It plans to change its outdated
technology by employing "green technologies" in order to minimize emission of carbon. This
practice makes the company activities to be environmentally friendly since it does not pollute the
environment. Implementation of this technology will not only benefit the company but also its
customers.
Customer satisfaction is another external factor affecting PAT. In any business, customer
service is expectations of the customer should be always focal3. Customers go for the service
2 Berman et al. Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and
problems. Sage, 2012.
3 D, Billis. 2010. Hybrid organizations and the third sector: Challenges for practice,
theory and policy. Macmillan International Higher Education.

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providers who offer the best quality services. Introduction of new services will make the
company more competitive as compared to its competitors
Nature of change facing PAT
Organization change can be said to be the adoption of new behaviors or ideas within an
organization. Change alters the organizations work environment. This may include the
organization's structure, technology, job design, arrangement, and people. Different people in an
organization perceive different changes differently and react to these changes differently. PAT is
experiencing various changes which some of them are not well accepted by some employees
which tend to lead to conflict within the organization.
Models of change
According to Hayes there are there models of change; continuous transformation,
punctuated equilibrium, and incremental model4. Incremental model of change occurs when the
parties involved with change separate problems facing the company and face them one at a
time.it has a short-term effect that targets at enhancing a given duty or process5. In PAT the
model can be used to bring improvements in the internal operations of the company.
In PAT, we realize that there is a decrease in demand for the services the company is
offering. There is stiff competition in the market. After PAT realizes it was operating on losses,
it takes an initiative to change their way of doing things. It carries out a benchmarking and plans
4 Clegg et al. Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage,
2015.
5 Stacey M, Browning. "How to Manage HR Effectively during Times of
Change." Employment Relations Today 42, no. 2 (2015): 43-50.