About HIV/AIDS | Assignment

Running head: HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author’s name

HIV/AIDS1
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Outbreak of the disease....................................................................................................................2
Epidemiological determinants and risk factors................................................................................4
Route of transmission......................................................................................................................4
Impact of the disease to the community..........................................................................................5
Reporting Protocol...........................................................................................................................6
Strategies..........................................................................................................................................6
Reference.........................................................................................................................................7

HIV/AIDS2
Introduction
AIDS is triggered by the HIV infection, which means that an affected individual is prone
to life-threatening diseases (e.g. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia). AIDS is a consequence of a
significant loss of the CD4+ T cells. Late-stage HIV infection happens with AIDS (Hubert, Bajos
& Sandfort, 2020).
The most likely explanation is that HIV has been transmitted into humans from primates
among the many hypotheses and misconceptions of the roots of HIV. A study conducted
revealed the original source of HIV-1, the worldwide AIDS virus, as a sub-species of the
chimpanzees found in West Equatorial African countries (Hubert, Bajos & Sandfort, 2020). The
researchers believe that when the hunters are subjected to contaminated blood, they transfer the
infection from monkeys to humans. Monkeys can have HIV-like infection, identified as SIV
(simian immunodeficiency virus), and there are strong evidence of close association between
HIV and SIV (Hubert, Bajos & Sandfort, 2020).
The following article will discuss about where the disease originated from, its incidence
in different countries, epidemiological determinants and risk factors, route of transmission,
impact of the disease in the community and the reporting protocol for if an outbreak occurs.
Outbreak of the disease
As per the WHO report, published in 2018, Africa is the leading country having high
incidence of 25.7 million people suffering from HIV/AIDS, followed by USA with 3.5 million
people, then south-east Asia with 3.8 million people and lastly Europe having 2.5 million people
suffering from HIV/AIDS. According to a 2018 estimate, about 37. 9 million individuals

HIV/AIDS3
worldwide have HIV / AIDS. Thirty-six million of them were teenagers, and 1.7 million were
adolescents (< 15 years) (WHO, 2020).
In the United States in the spring of 1981, there were initial cases of acquired
immunodeficiency (AIDS) disease. By 1983, the virus causing AIDS, the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), started getting isolated (WHO, 2020).
In Africa the oldest recorded cases of HIV in humans started in the western equatorial
Africa, especially in the southeast Cameroon which is the main origin of the common
chimpanzee. According to an assumption, the virus certainly started spreading from the primates
to humans, especially the hunters who came in contact with infected blood of the infected
primates. This contact made the hunters infected with the HIV, which then later passed on to
other people through the transfer of the contaminated body fluids (such as during sexual
activities). This assumption or this theory was given the name “Bushmeat theory”. In Africa,
when the urbanization occurred during the 20th century, it brought HIV from rural isolated
places to urban areas (WHO, 2020).
The region of 11 Member States in South-East Asia has an approximate 3.5 million HIV-
populations. In the 1920s, HIV reached the Democratic Republic of Congo from primates to
humans. The consequence was presumably that chimpanzees were killed and eaten by
individuals and later those people got infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), a
virus that was closely related to HIV and carried by the chimps (WHO, 2020).
According to a report from 1980, HIV have started to get spread across various
continents starting from U.S.A, Europe, Asia, Africa and finally to Australia. During this time,
around 1 Lakh to 3 Lakh individuals had already been infected with HIV (WHO, 2020).