Effects of Safety Behaviour, Safety Culture, and Warehouse Safety Assessment

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the effects of safety behaviour of workers,
safety culture, and warehouse safety assessment and facilitation. Through a literature
study, we have developed a method for providing insights into how to assess and
facilitate the safety of warehouse. To minimize the risk of accidents and injuries, the
management plant must ensure safety. Using literature, we identify sub dimensions of
safety culture and safety behaviours and factors that may affect how safety culture
translates into safety behaviour. The sub-dimension is procedures, people and
technology. Our findings show what sub-dimensions and influencing factors are
important to employees of Logistics Service Providers (LSP) and why through case
studies. We found that the importance assigned to safety differs, which may indicate
the existence of warehouse subcultures. This paper contributes to the limited existing
warehouse safety literature that does not investigate the safety - related factors well.
LSP is investigated in the case study that providing valuable insights into and how to
influence important safety aspects. Future research might address this issue by
unknown in the process of reaction, for example by directing a study, or possibly by
performing a consideration of perception. Taking everything into account, our
discoveries demonstrate the significance of the group pioneers ' contribution as well
as their insight into, safety and the significance of innovation in counteracting /
limiting dangerous circumstances when efforts are made to build up the safety culture.
Furthermore, the inborn inspiration of representatives and the worker's outstanding
task at hand are the primary variables that impacting the interpretation of a security
culture to safe conduct.
Keywords: Warehouse Safety, Improve Facilities, Leadership, Safety Behaviour

1.0 Introduction
The aim of this paper is primarily to evaluate and facilitate warehouse safety and
discuss the methodology to be used to assess the importance of warehouse safety as it
is considered to be of importance to both employees and companies. This paper also
correctly identifies the findings and limitations of research. Moreover, through our
methodology, the paper also helps to offer practical implications as well as paper
originality. Thousands of employees worldwide are suffering from serious accidents
every day. Not only do these accidents have a negative impact on employees '
physical and mental health, but they also bring high costs to the business and society
as a whole. In the warehouse, a large part of these accidents took place. According to
the National Council for Occupational Safety and Health, there were 4,585 deaths
from workplace injuries in 2013, and it is estimated 50,000 people die from
workplace exposure are reported annually. These figures do not even indicate the
injured workers, some of whom may be sufficiently serious to prevent them from
engaging in manual labour.(SIMON BRISK, 2017) In the logistics service industry,
safety is generally important as data from 2016 helps to indicate, such as the United
States. Data from 2016 shows that the number of deaths in the transportation and
warehousing sector in the United States is ranked second highest in the number of
deaths. In addition, the injury rate of 13.5 people per 100,000 workers is about four
times higher than the average injury rate in all industries. (U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics 2015) In general, the warehousing sector accounts for the second highest
number of problems and deaths. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2015), as
summarized in Figure 1 below.
Safety at the warehouse is about protecting employees and the business. But they still
don't have the awareness of the dangerous for many people. In a small country like
the Netherlands, there were 651,279 occupational accidents in 2015 that caused
injuries and joblessness. The number of occupational deaths ranged from 99 to 150
annually between 2016 and 2017 (Bureau of labor statistics, 2017). An unsafe
working environment can lead to an accident, and there is also a tendency for the
employer to have more rule. Most accidents in the warehouse are associated with the
use of forklift trucks. In 2015, 1700 people were seriously injured in the Dutch
warehouse in the Netherlands, according to data from (www.logistiek.nl).

There is usually heavy traffic in the warehouse, forklifts and workers work on foot,
and work is often under the pressure of time. (Koster et al., 2011).
Figure 1: Data in the United States. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2016, n.d.)
Therefore, focusing on safety behaviour and safety culture is important. Safety culture
is found to be mainly integrated with the number of observed safety culture. It is not
clear how to measure the safety culture and safety behaviour of the organization. It
appears that the term "safety culture" was first used after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster.
(“International Warehouse Logistics Association (IWLA)). Since then, a number of
safety culture definitions have been published. The United Kingdom Health and
Safety Committee has developed one of the most commonly used definitions of safety
culture. Today, in the workplace of each industry, safety culture is defined as attitude,
beliefs, perceptions or values that employees share with respect to safety.
"Communications based on mutual trust, shared perceptions of the importance of
safety and confidence in the effectiveness of preventive measures are characteristic of
organizations with positive safety culture."(U.K. Health and Safety Commission)
There are five characteristics of a positive safety culture. Firstly, leadership is a highly
visible commitment to safety by top management, which is critical to creating a

positive safety culture. Secondly, safety should be communicated as a value, not as a
priority that can be traded on cost and timelines. Thirdly, creating and maintaining a
positive safety culture, decentralized decision-making and accountability by key
security groups are important. Fourthly, all staff should learn about safety and help to
improved safety ideas. If employees learn from insight and intuition rather than
incidents and by sharing their experiences and addressing shared issues change their
way of thinking and acting, a positive safety culture is achieved. Finally, a positive
safety culture is one which safety is a top priority and is integrated into all aspects of
the business. A good safety culture can be promoted by the commitment of senior
management to safety, the practical approach to dealing with hazards, ongoing
organizational learning, and attention and concern for shared risks across the
workforce.(“A guide to implementing a SAFETY CULTURE in our universities,”
2016) An organization's safety culture can have a significant impact on people's
performance in safety-related tasks and thus on the organization's safety performance.
Safety behaviour is safety-related behaviour. It can refer to behaviour-based safety,
enhancing safety by monitoring and changing people's behaviour and stress-relieving
activity performed by anxious individuals. Moreover, it requires more than mitigation
control to improve safety behaviour or active care behaviour. It would be effective if
management could use the Behaviour-Based Safety (BBS) approach. The BBS
concept is intended to change unsafe behaviour into safe behaviour and eliminate
accidents in the workplace. The steps taken by the BBS can be divided into four main
stages, identifying, observing, intervening, reviewing and monitoring.(Ismail et al.,
2012) BBS is not only suitable for the construction industry, but also for other
industries. (Chen & Tian, 2012) The use of social recognition and motivation to
conduct safe behaviour will have a more positive effect than the application on
changing normal safety standards within the group. All incident data are tabulated in
Table 1.

Yea
r
Location Accident Known /
suspected cause
Effect Refere
nces
201
5
Tianjin,
China
Explosion Dangerous
chemicals stored
on the site.
(Safety Culture)
The explosion
injured more than
700 people, many
extensive injuries,
mostly caused by
burns and
explosive injuries.
There were more
than a thousand
firefighters on the
scene, and 95 were
killed.
BBC
(2015)
201
7
Netherlan
ds
Falls from
height
There is no safe
work system in
place as none of
the workers have
safety harnesses
and the worker
does not pay
attention.(Safety
Culture)
The company have
been fined after a
worker fell from a
warehouse racking
system, suffering
serious head
injuries.
HSE
(2017)
201
7
Singapore Hit by
Forklifts
The company had
not trained or
communicated
any safe system
of work with the
forklift driver.
(Safety
behaviour)
A company was
fined S$80,000
after an accident
involving a
company forklift
caused an
employee to
sustain serious leg
CHAN
NEL
NEWS
ASIA
(2017)

injuries.
201
8
Bengalur
u
Crushed by
heavy racks
fill with
crates full of
goods
Racks over
loaded and the
worker still
continues to
complete it.
(Safety behavior)
Stock was damage
and cause serious
injuries even dead
THE
NEWS
MINUT
E
(2018)
201
6
Tesco Manual
handling
incidents
Regular
movement of
cartons to pallets.
Rolls of stretch-
wrap and flat
pallets. (Safety
behavior)
Injury to
colleagues and
cost to the
business.
SHP
(2016)
Table 1 Selected Safety behaviour and culture hazard (2015-2018)
1.1 Research boundaries
This paper's scope is to cover the entire warehouse. Regardless of what the warehouse
is, the safety culture and safety behaviour is the same, so this proposed project will
cover all warehouse. However, this research involves a global outlook on warehouse
safety and is not limited to specific countries because safety culture and safety
behaviour in today's globalization era will be the same across multiple countries.
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Introduction of warehouse
In that sense, we can interchangeably use the words "warehouse" and "distribution
centre." (De Villiers, Nieman, & Niemann, 2008) Warehousing may be defined as a
planned space for the efficient storage and handling of goods and materials as well as
for the assumption of responsibility for the storage of goods. Warehousing creates
time utility by storing and releasing the goods as and when necessary throughout the
year.