Effects of Safety Behaviour, Safety Culture, and Warehouse Safety Assessment

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the effects of safety behaviour of workers,
safety culture, and warehouse safety assessment and facilitation. Through a literature
study, we have developed a method for providing insights into how to assess and
facilitate the safety of warehouse. To minimize the risk of accidents and injuries, the
management plant must ensure safety. Using literature, we identify sub - related
procedures, people and technology - dimensions of safety culture and safety behaviors
and factors that may affect how safety culture translates into security behaviour. Our
findings show what sub - dimensions and influencing factors Logistics Service
Providers (LSP) employees find important and why through case studies. We found
that the importance assigned to safety differs, which may indicate the existence of
subcultures across warehouses. This paper contributes to the limited existing
warehouse safety literature in which the safety - related factors are not well
investigated. The case study investigates one LSP, providing valuable insights into
and how to influence important safety aspects. Future research might address this
issue by unknown in the process of reaction, for example by directing a study, or
possibly by performing a consideration of perception. Taking everything into account,
our discoveries demonstrate the significance of the group pioneers ' contribution as
well as their insight into, safety and the significance of innovation in counteracting /
limiting dangerous circumstances when efforts are made to build up the safety culture.
Furthermore, the inborn inspiration of representatives and the worker's outstanding
task at hand are the primary variables that impacting the interpretation of a security
culture to safe conduct.
Keywords: Warehouse Safety, Improve Facilities, Leadership, Safety Behaviour

1.0 Introduction
The aim of this paper is primarily to evaluate and facilitate warehouse safety and
discuss the methodology to be used to assess the importance of warehouse safety as it
is considered to be of importance to both employees and companies. This paper also
correctly identifies the findings and limitations of research. Moreover, through our
methodology, the paper also helps to offer practical implications as well as paper
originality. Thousands of employees worldwide are suffering from serious accidents
every day. Not only do these accidents have a negative impact on employees '
physical and mental health, but they also bring high costs to the business and society
as a whole. In the warehouse, a large part of these accidents took place. There were
4,585 deaths from workplace injuries in 2013, according to the National Council for
Occupational Safety and Health, and an estimated 50,000 deaths from workplace
exposure are reported annually. These figures do not even indicate the injured
workers, some of whom may be sufficiently serious to prevent them from engaging in
manual labour.(SIMON BRISK, 2017) In the logistics service industry, safety is
generally important as data from 2016 helps to indicate, such as the United States.
Data from 2016 shows that the number of deaths in the transportation and
warehousing sector in the United States is ranked second highest in the number of
deaths. In addition, the injury rate of 13.5 persons per 100,000 workers is around four
times as high as the average injury rate in all industries. (U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics 2015) The warehousing sector generally accounts for the second highest
number of issues as well as fatalities. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2015), as
summarized in Figure 1 below.
Safety at the warehouse is about protecting employees and the business. But they still
don't have the awareness of the dangerous for many people. In a small country like
the Netherlands, there were 651,279 occupational accidents in 2015 that caused
injuries and joblessness. The number of occupational deaths ranged from 99 to 150
annually between 2016 and 2017 (Bureau of labor statistics, 2017). An unsafe
working environment can lead to an accident, and there is also a tendency for the
employer to have more rule. Most accidents in the warehouse are associated with the
use of forklift trucks. In 2015, 1700 people were seriously injured in the Dutch
warehouse in the Netherlands, according to data from (www.logistiek.nl).

There is usually heavy traffic in the warehouse, forklifts and workers work on foot,
and work is often under time pressure. (Koster et al., 2011).
Figure 1: Data in the United States. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2016, n.d.)
Therefore, focusing on safety behaviour and safety culture is important. Safety culture
is found to be mainly integrated with the number of observed safety culture. It is not
clear how to measure the safety culture and safety behaviour of the organization. It
appears that the term "safety culture" was first used after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster.
(“International Warehouse Logistics Association (IWLA)). Since then, a number of
safety culture definitions have been published. One of the most commonly used
definitions of safety culture has been developed by the UK Health and Safety
Committee. Today, in the workplace of each industry, safety culture is defined as
attitude, beliefs, perceptions or values that employees share with respect to safety.
"Communications based on mutual trust, shared perceptions of the importance of
safety and confidence in the effectiveness of preventive measures are characteristic of
organizations with positive safety culture."(U.K. Health and Safety Commission)
There are five characteristics of a positive safety culture. Firstly, leadership is a highly
visible commitment to safety by top management, which is critical to creating a

positive safety culture. Secondly, safety should be communicated as a value, not as a
priority that can be traded on cost and timelines. Thirdly, decentralized decision-
making and accountability by key safety groups are important to creating and
maintaining a positive safety culture. Fourthly, all staff should learn about safety and
contribute to improved safety ideas. If employees learn from insight and intuition
rather than incidents and change their way of thinking and acting by sharing their
experiences and addressing shared issues, a positive safety culture is achieved. Lastly,
a positive safety culture is one where safety is a top priority and is integrated into
every aspect of the business. A good safety culture can be promoted by senior
management commitment to safety, the practical approach to dealing with hazards,
ongoing organizational learning, and attention to and concern for hazards shared
across the workforce.(“A guide to implementing a SAFETY CULTURE in our
universities,” 2016) The safety culture of an organization can be a significant impact
on the performance of people in safety-related tasks and hence on the safety
performance of the organization.
Safety behaviour is safety-related behaviour. It can refer to behaviour-based safety,
enhancing safety by monitoring and changing people's behaviour and stress-relieving
activity performed by anxious individuals. Moreover, it requires more than mitigation
control to improve safety behaviour or active care behaviour. It would be effective if
management could use the Behaviour-Based Safety (BBS) approach. The BBS
concept is intended to change unsafe behaviour into safe behaviour and eliminate
accidents in the workplace. The steps taken by the BBS can be divided into four main
stages, identifying, observing, intervening, reviewing and monitoring.(Ismail et al.,
2012) BBS is not only suitable for the construction industry, but also for other
industries. (Chen & Tian, 2012) The use of social recognition and motivation to
conduct safe behaviour will have a more positive effect than the application on
changing normal safety standards within the group. All incident data are tabulated in
Table 1.

Yea
r
Location Accident Known /
suspected cause
Effect Refere
nces
201
5
Tianjin,
China
Explosion Dangerous
chemicals stored
on the site.
(Safety Culture)
More than 700
people were
injured by the
explosion, many
extensive injuries,
mostly from burns
and explosive
injuries. Over a
thousand
firefighters were
on scene, and 95
were killed.
BBC
(2015)
201
7
Netherlan
ds
Falls from
height
No safe system of
work in place as
none of the
workers had
safety harnesses
and the worker
are not pay
attention. (Safety
Culture)
Company have
been fined after a
worker fell from a
warehouse racking
system, suffering
serious head
injuries.
HSE
(2017)
201
7
Singapore Hit by
Forklifts
The company had
not trained or
communicated
any safe system
of work with the
forklift driver.
(Safety
behaviour)
A company was
fined S$80,000
after an accident
involving a
company forklift
caused an
employee to
sustain serious leg
CHAN
NEL
NEWS
ASIA
(2017)

injuries.
201
8
Bengalur
u
Crushed by
heavy racks
fill with
crates full of
goods
Racks over
loaded and the
worker still
continues to
complete it.
(Safety behavior)
Stock was damage
and cause serious
injuries even dead
THE
NEWS
MINUT
E
(2018)
201
6
Tesco Manual
handling
incidents
Regular
movement of
cartons to pallets.
Rolls of stretch-
wrap and flat
pallets. (Safety
behavior)
Injury to
colleagues and
cost to the
business.
SHP
(2016)
Table 1 Selected Safety behaviour and culture hazard (2015-2018)
1.1 Research boundaries
This paper's scope is to cover the entire warehouse. Regardless of what the warehouse
is, the safety culture and safety behaviour is the same, so this proposed project will
cover all warehouse. However, this research involves a global outlook on warehouse
safety and is not limited to specific countries because safety culture and safety
behaviour in today's globalization era will be the same across multiple countries.
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Introduction of warehouse
In the sense, we can use the words “warehouse” and “distribution centre”
interchangeably. (De Villiers, Nieman, & Niemann, 2008) Warehousing can be
defined as a planned space for the efficient storage and handling of goods and
materials as well as the assumption of responsibility for the storage of goods.
Warehousing creates time utility by storing the goods throughout the year and
releasing them as and when needed.