Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Case Study Pdf 2022

Running head: CASE STUDY
Case Study- Acute Pulmonary Oedema
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

CASE STUDY1
ANSWER 1.
The cause and risk factors of Acute Pulmonary Oedema
Acute pulmonary oedema is a condition where accumulation of fluid takes place in
the air spaces and the tissues of the lungs (McRitchie, 2017). In the given case, the most
likely causes for development of this acute pulmonary oedema are cardiac failure, acute
myocardial infraction, type 2 diabetes and past smoking habit. Myocardial infraction ruptures
the papillary muscles or the ventricular septum and the pumping of blood is retarded resulting
in back flow of the blood into the lungs. This condition increases the pressure of the blood
vessels pushing the fluid into the air spaces. Type 2 diabetes may result in increased
permeability of the capillary membranes of lungs along with alteration of the intravascular
hydrostatic force. Acute pulmonary oedema can cause due to smoking leading to lung
infections, radiation and inhalation problems. Several risk factors are associated with the
client’s condition like intravascular coagulation, trauma, pneumonia, atrial fibrillation,
obesity and sepsis.
ANSWER 2.
Clinical manifestation of Acute Pulmonary Oedema in the patient
The general signs and symptoms of acute pulmonary oedema are pain in chest, rapid
or breathing shortness, rapid heart rate, fatigue, and cough (Iqbal & Gupta, 2019). The four
clinical symptoms that are identified in the given case are lungs moist, high blood pressure,
sign of cough and low oxygen in the body.
Pathophysiology of two clinical symptoms

CASE STUDY2
Pulmonary oedema is a state of body where excess amount of fluid accumulates in the
lungs resulting in a wet lung condition. It makes breathing difficult. The lung moist condition
in the patient is an early indication of pulmonary oedema. The lungs are involved in the
filtration of solutes and fluids through the pulmonary capillary endothelium. The fluids and
the solutes moves across the spaces of the building a pressure gradient from the formation
site of the fluids to the removal site with the help of pulmonary channels. The moist condition
of the or the extravascular content of the lungs occurs when the formation of fluid is more
and the removal from the lymphatic channels is less (Murray, 2011).
Acute pulmonary oedema is generally two types cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic.
The history of acute myocardial infraction may lead to pulmonary oedema also known as
cardiogenic oedema. It occurs due to cardiac dysfunction resulting in accumulation of low
protein fluid contain in the lung and elevating the hydrostatic pressure along with increase of
venous pressure inside the pulmonary. The condition can be identified by the radiograph and
the positive condition will show alveolar infiltration, vascular redistribution, indistinct hila. It
is a kind of non-inflammatory oedema, which results in instabilities in the starling force
elevating the capillary pressure more than 10mmHg (Iqbal & Gupta, 2019)..
ANSWER 3.
Nursing care is important for the patient who is at a risk of acute pulmonary oedema.
It requires diagnosis at a correct time along with treatment. Proper evaluation and diagnosis is
done by nurses in addressing the issue, which helps in reducing the mortality rate and
establishing the care with proper medication. The nurse must diagnose the oxygen level of
the body and restoring the same, which will maintain the tolerable blood pressure along with
reduction of extracellular fluid. The nursing diagnosis must start with observation of fluid in
the lungs and also note of pain sensation. The management strategies for the patient in this