Causes, Manifestations, and Management of Acute Pulmonary Oedema

Pulmonary
oedema

Table of Contents
1) Explain the most likely cause of Mary’s possible APO and also provide a rationale for this
cause, including any risk factors............................................................................................2
2) Identify list of clinical manifestations observed in Mary that are indicative of APO and
explain the pathophysiology of it...........................................................................................2
3) Identify two APO management strategies which are relevant for Mary and also provide a
rationale for each strategy and identify any relevant nursing considerations........................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5
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1) Explain the most likely cause of Mary’s possible APO and also provide a rationale for this
cause, including any risk factors.
The most likely cause of acute pulmonary oedema occur in those patient who have past
heart failure. This can be seen in the patient Mary as she has a past history of cardiac failure and
acute myocardial infarction. As the cardiac failure is a life threatening and distressing condition
along with that develop various other systems (Chioncel and et. al., 2015). The most likely cause
of acute pulmonary oedema in Mary occurs as she is experiencing shortness of breath which is a
sign of cause of it. The importance of this cause is that the heart of patient becomes failure from
which it cannot longer pump blood throughout the body. From this, pressure on vessels of lungs
created from which fluid starting leak from vessels then the shortness of breath occur. There are
some risk factors for Mary from whom development of APO can be occur as she is 68 years old
and has past history of cardiac failure, AMI and type 2 diabetes.
2) Identify list of clinical manifestations observed in Mary that are indicative of APO and
explain the pathophysiology of it.
There are some clinical manifestations are observed in the Mary case. The clinical
manifestations are the indicators of acute pulmonary oedema. There are four clinical
manifestation are observed which are from the past history of patient that includes type 2
diabetes, acute myocardial infarction and cardiac failure. The current symptoms that are
observed in Mary are of shortness of breath what the indicator of acute pulmonary oedema.
 The pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction occurs as very complex in which the
myocardium impairs loses it viable cardiac function from which output of cardiac reduces. It
became more if the damage is which leads to cardiogenic arrest. As the diastolic and systolic
dysfunction are associated with this disease. If the left part of ventricular becomes impaired
then oedema will develop in pulmonary. In this abnormal rhythm of cardiac occur including
block of conduction from which further impaired function develop which cause life-
threatening for human (Ferré and et. al., 2019).
 The pathophysiology of heart failure is occur when the efficiency of muscle of heart is
damaged or become overload. From this, it causes various conditions such as myocardial
infarction, hypertension, etc (Ellingsrud and Agewall, 2016). The person who has a heart
failure have face overload on ventricle from which the force is reduce of contraction. The
muscles of heart become less efficient from which load on the ventricle develops in order to
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