Advance Development of PHEVs by Electromagnetic Brakes 2

Advance Development Of PHEVs By Electromagnetic Brakes 1
ADVANCE DEVELOPMENT OF PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES BY
ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKES
By Name
Course
Instructor
Institution
Location
Date

Advance Development Of PHEVs By Electromagnetic Brakes 2
ADVANCE DEVELOPMENT OF PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES (PHEVS)
BY ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKES.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The ever developing technologies and constant emerging trends have seen the
emergence of PHEVs to be used all over the globe. The emergence of such plug-in electric
vehicles is among the efforts made in finding remedies in the ever rising costs of fuel. It is also
a major effort in reducing the harmful carbon emissions into the environment. Plug- in electric
vehicles generally has an electric motor and a battery for its operation. The adoption of plug-in
hybrid electric vehicles technology has largely been promoted because it has the ability of
influencing the utility industry in a time horizon of a period of less than twenty years. They also
have a gasoline tank as well as an internal combustion engine. The fuel cell vehicles are known
to use hydrogen as the major fuel in the production of the electricity. Such vehicles operate
almost exclusively on electricity until that moment that it almost runs out on battery. There have
been major developments and improvements as far as PHEVs are concerned in order to increase
its efficiency. Such improvements include the application of electromagnetic brakes in PHEVs.
An electromagnetic brake system operates by slowing or stopping motion of a vehicle through
an electromagnetic force in order to apply friction/ mechanical resistance.
Key Words: Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV),
Electromagnetic Brakes, Internal Combustion Engines (ICE).

Advance Development Of PHEVs By Electromagnetic Brakes 3
Introduction
Hybrid Electric Vehicles commonly known as HEV are energy efficient as opposed to
the conventional vehicles. This is due to the optimization of the operation of the engine as well
as the recovery of the kinetic energy during the process of the braking. These kind of vehicles
have options of the plug in that allows them to be operated on the mode of electricity only when
the range of the driving is between 30 to 60 km. The vehicles are taken for charging overnight
from the electric power grid where it is possible to have a generation of the energy from the
renewable sources including wind, nuclear and solar energy. The fuel cell vehicles are known to
use hydrogen as the major fuel in the production of the electricity. Where there is an established
connection to the power grid, the FCV can effectively provide source of electricity for
emergency use where they serve as the power buck up during the occurrence of the blackouts.
As a result of the production of hydrogen as well as its storage, the limitation in the technical
handling of the fuel at the current set up may not be available. These kinds of the vehicles are
likely to dominate the propulsion in the sector as time goes by.
The technology of the hybrid can be used almost in all kinds of the engines and fuels.
This implies that it is never a transition technology. The road map to this kind of the technology
is as illustrated in the figure below. Electromagnetic brakes uses electromagnetic force and it
does depend on friction to make the stop or slowing down. In the case of HEV as well as FCVs,
there is use of lots of electrical components including power electronics converters, electric
machines, sensors, ultra capacitors and finally the microcontrollers.
Other than the components that are used in the electrification, there are conventional
internal combustion systems of the engine, subsystems and finally the hydraulic systems. The
motor industry has witnessed several advances in the application of electromagnetic braking
that will guarantee unmatched instantaneous availability as well as full braking provided for the
vehicle. These advances also consider the vehicle speed. This research paper therefore outlines
these developments and ensures that they meet the required safety and environmental standards
as well efficiency and comfort to the user [2].
Research plan
In every engineering system, safety is usually regarded as one of the factors to be
considered on priority basis. Vehicles of all kinds whether electric or not will need to have
proper functioning systems of the brake to ensure that their motion are fully under the control
by the operator. This is a research work on the PHEVs electromagnetic brake system. The
research is to be carried out to determine the how effective electromagnetic brakes are and how
applicable they are to the PHEVs. The research plan will therefore assist us during the research
process as it will keep us focused on the PHEVs and the electromagnetic brake systems. The