Assignment about Literature Review on Advanced Nutrition

Running head: ADVANCED NUTRITION: LITERATURE REVIEW
ADVANCED NUTRITION: LITERATURE REVIEW
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ADVANCED NUTRITION: LITERATURE REVIEW1
Introduction
Part 1: Topic of Choice
Cinnamon is an aromatic spice acquired from the barks present in trees belonging to the
Cinnamomum genus, and is a popular flavor additive incorporated in recipes across various
cultures and communities. Recent evidence indicates that cinnamon may possess hypoglycemic,
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions, and thus, may demonstrate as a natural anti-diabetic
agent with significant efficiency and potency for both type 2 and type 1 diabetic patients (Van
Hul et al., 2017).
Related Citations
The following papers demonstrate the hypoglycemic effects cinnamon:
1. The randomized controlled trial by Ranasinghe et al., (2017), examined the potential
impact of Sri Lankan cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as a medicinal agent with
anti-diabetic properties (outcomes: insulin, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated
hemoglobin, body mass index, blood cholesterol blood pressure,) for type 2 diabetic
patients.
2. The experiment by Shen et al., (2014) aimed to examine the impact of cinnamon extract
in enhancing the translocation of glucose transporter 4 across adipose and muscular
tissues specifically in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
3. The randomized controlled trial by Zare et al., (2019), evaluated the impact of cinnamon
bark power intake in body mass index, visceral fat, total fat, insulin resistance, fasting
levels of insulin, blood lipid, blood cholesterol and blood glucose across type 2 diabetics.

ADVANCED NUTRITION: LITERATURE REVIEW2
4. The randomized controlled trial by Talaei et al., (2017), evaluated the impact of
cinnamon extract intake on blood glycemic outcomes, antioxidant status and advanced
glycemic end products in type 2 diabetics.
Statement of Purpose/Objective
Thus, based on the given papers, the primary objective is to critically review current
evidence based research on the impact and efficiency of cinnamon in regulating inflammatory,
blood glucose, blood lipid and antioxidant outcomes associated in both type 1 and type 2
diabetes mellitus patients.
Part 2
Section a: Introduction
Issue
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic, chronic disorder associated with impairments in
the amount or the potency of the hormone insulin being secreted by the pancreas (Brochot et al.,
2017). As per the World Health Organization (WHO, 2018), DM was prevalent across
approximately 422 million of the global population in the year 2014, while approximately 1.6
million individuals globally were reported to succumb to their injuries as a result of the same, in
the year 2016. The American Diabetes Association (ADA, 2017) also reported the prevalence of
DM in approximately 9.4% of the American population during the year 2015.
If not controlled in a timely manner, DM is likely to pave the way for increased risk of
long term metabolic conditions such as obesity, cancer, renal disorders and fatal cardiovascular
conditions, which in turn, exerts financial complications for both the individual, the community
as well as the nation. Thus, with respect to the same, the issue of DM needs immediate

ADVANCED NUTRITION: LITERATURE REVIEW3
mitigation by healthcare organizations across national as well as international levels (Costello et
al., 2017).
Background
Prolonged consumption of a nutritionally imbalanced diet, rich in sugars, refined
carbohydrates and saturated fats, has been evidenced to be one of the major facilitators of the
metabolic pathology of DM. Such pathologies may be prolonged with respect to
socioeconomically underprivileged communities (such as ethnic minorities, populations living in
poverty or across remote locations) due to their tendency to purchase and consume inexpensive,
easily available fast and processed foods rich in sugars and saturated fats (Meeks et al., 2016).
Additionally, as discussed earlier, DM and its multiple metabolic comorbidities often compel an
individual to incur considerable medical cost which in turn, is likely to negatively impact the
affordability and accessibility of healthcare services across socioeconomically underprivileged
communities. There is thus a need to research extensively on novel and novel diabetic treatments
which are not just clinical effective but also financial feasible for the purpose of ensuring the
achievement of long term health outcomes across such communities (Creamer et al., 2016).
Indeed, as per the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2017), DM has been
reported to demonstrate one of the highest prevalence rates across ethnic minority communities
such as Alaskan Natives (15.1%), Hispanics (12.1%) as well as Blacks (12.7%) and has been
evidenced to be associated with approximately $237 million of direct national clinical costs.
Cinnamon, an aromatic and earthy bark procured from the trees of the Cinnamomum
genus, have been evidenced to be used since traditional times, as a naturally potent solution for
the management of diabetic symptoms as well as for the mitigation of inflammatory and
hyperlipidemia associated health outcomes. While several qualitative studies have reported the