Diabetes is a global and endemic ailment that affects a significant proportion of the population. It has a rapid and increasing prevalence in both the developing and developed countries. This rapid increase in prevalence and incidence requires that an appropriate initiative to manage it is identified. There are three types of diabetes already identified, that is: type one diabetes, type two diabetes and gestational diabetes. The mechanism of occurrence of diabetes has been identified.In presence of beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, type one and type two diabetes results. Gestational diabetes is manifested during pregnancy when the normal feedback loop is affected by maternal and fetal needs(Kahn, 2014). HbA1c tests is a highly crucial indicator of glycemic control and history for the last two to three months of the affected individuals. The use of HbA1c as a relevant biomarker for diagnosis diabetes was proposed by Keening in the year 1976. Proteins in the body are undergo the process of glycation during various types of enzymatic reactions. Conversely, in the position of hemoglobin, the process of glycation occurs without enzymatic reaction whereby the beta chain and the n terminals of glucose form the Schiff base. Cumulatively, during the process of rearrangement the Schiff base is cumulatively converted into the Amdori products of which the best known is HbA1c. As the palsma level ofHbA1 rises so does that of blood sugar. Hence HbA1 is a highly effective marker of blood sugar levels(Sherwani, 2016). HbA1c provides advantages in two-folds that is it provides a highly reliable source of data for the patient and its association with the cumulative risk associated with long-term diabetes conditions of various kinds. The amount of information that is obtained from the HbA1c test not only provides a clear picture of the prognosis of the patient but also aids in appropriate diagnosis(Sherwani, 2016).
References Kahn, S. E. (2014). Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future.The Lancet, 383(9922), 1068-1083. Sherwani, S. I. (2016). . Significance of HbA1c test in diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic patients. .Biomarker insights, 11, BMI-S38440.