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Advanced Research Methods and Evidence-Based Practice NSG 5210 Guidelines for Quantitative Research Study Critique Name:Date: Title of article in APA format: Complete the following information. Be specific in your responses. You must present a rationale for ALL items. No yes or no responses are accepted. It is unacceptable for you to copy and paste information from the study. This is to be your own interpretation of the study critiqued and synthesis of research content. This is a critical analysis of the article. Copying of information from the article with no analysis or rationale will not be accepted. Copying information without correct citations represents plagiarism. If there are areas the author did not address, you are expected to give potential research questions, hypotheses etc. Article link:https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijdcr/international-journal-of-diabetes-and-clinical-research- ijdcr-4-079.pdf 1. Design ItemResponse a. What is the design? Explain the design. Is the study design identified? The study design used in the article is a non-random assessment of diabetic patients receiving health care (Pinto, et al., 2017). b. Is the design used in the study the most appropriate to obtain the needed data? Why or why not? The study design used is most appropriate to get the required results as non-random assessment eliminates treatment selection bias and provides validity of results based on probability theory. c. Does the design provide a means to examine all of the objectives, questions or hypotheses? Give a rationale for your response. Truly, the examination configuration gives a way to analyze all objectives of the research by providing inclusion criteria for the patients. Besides, patients were assessed using semi- structured and face to face interview based on the aim of the study (Pinto, et al., 2017). d. Are the threats to internal and external design validity described? If yes, what are they, if not state what they could be. Elaborate on them and why present or not. Do not address statistical conclusions and construct here – will address these later. Yes, they include inclusion of small sample size which cannot generalize the whole population of diabetic patients. Also, the researchers did not contact thorough dietary assessment. 2. Research Problem and Purpose. ItemResponse a. What is the study purpose?The main aim of the study was to analyze how diabetic
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patients value nutritional therapy and their perceived issues linked to it. b. Does the purpose narrow and clarify the focus of the problem to be studied and identify the research variable, subjects and setting? Give a rationale for your response. Yes, the study identifies and focuses on type 2 diabetes receiving health care in diabetic clinic in Faro, Portugal. 3. The Literature Review. ItemResponse a. Is there a specific literature review section for the research study Give a rationale for your response. Yes, the literature review section is provided from the third paragraph of introductory part of the article b. Does the literature review provide rationale and a context for the study? Give a rationale for your response. Yes, the literature provides reviews on factors that compromise adherence such as clinical inertia which is included in the study. 4. Study Framework. ItemResponse a. Is the framework explicitly expressed or must the reviewer extract the framework from implicit statements in the literature review? Give a rationale for your response. The framework is explicitly expressed whereby there are sub endings for every different theme (Pinto, et al., 2017). b. Does the framework describe and define the concepts of interest, relate them to the variables of the study, and show relationships between the concepts discussed? Give a rationale for your response. The framework does not define any concepts of interest as it goes straight to describing various factors that may impact on nutritional therapy value. c. If stated, is the framework appropriate? Why or why not? Was it a nursing model or theory, if so what? If not, how does it relate to nursing? Framework not states. The study relates to nursing as it involved education and caring for diabetic patients. d. If not stated, what nursing theory or model would be appropriate for this study, and why? King’s nursing model because it is related to education on patients with diabetes (Park et al., 2015).
5. Research Objective, Questions, Hypothesis. ItemResponse a. What are the objectives, questions and/or hypotheses for the study? Were they implied or explicit? Give examples. The objectives of the study are to analyze the value of diabetic patients towards nutritional therapy. Yes, the results of the findings found out that diabetic patients perceive nutrition intake as crucial part of treatment but not as much value as pharmacologic treatment. b. Are the objectives, questions, and/or hypotheses appropriately linked to the research purpose and study framework? Give a rationale for your response. Yes, the criteria used by the study focus mainly on diabetic patients and nutrition and considers lifestyle, physical activity as well as dietary habits. 6. Variables. ItemResponse a. What are the study variables?Dietary intake variables, gender and obesity variable whereas physical activity, clinical characteristics and patient education were dependent variables. b. Identify the dependent, independent and/or research variables. Dietary intake, gender and obesity rate are independent variables and whereas physical activity, clinical characteristics and patient education were dependent variables. c. Are the variables defined based on previous research and/or theories? Give a rationale for your response. Yes, the study identifies and defines previous research theories and considers such theories to define variables such as dietary intake variables, gender and obesity variable (Pinto, et al., 2017). d. Is the conceptual definition of a variable consistent with the operational definition? Give a rationale for your response. No, the definition of some of the variable used in the study like gender and physical activity is not well consisted with the operational definition. e. Is the framework logically linked with the research purpose, variables, and objectives or hypotheses? Give a rationale for your response. Yes, the research criteria are linked to the main objective of the study as the findings and the analysis are represented in a manner that ideas can flow (McGovern et al., 2018). 7. Sample, Population and Setting. ItemResponse a. What is the sample, accessible, and target population and setting? The sample size in the study is 62 diabetic patients based in diabetes clinic in municipality of faro. The target population is diabetic patients who according to the findings should be empowered to improve on self-care and be encouraged to
consider nutrition therapy. b. What is the sampling method? Is the sampling method adequate to produce a representative sample? Give a rationale for your response. The sampling method is non- random which is adequate to produce the representative sample. c. What is the sample size? Is the sample size sufficient? Why or why not? Relate this to statistical conclusion validity. The sample size is 62 which is insufficient to generalize the whole population of diabetic patients. d. If more that one group is used, how were they assigned? Was this the most appropriate method to use? Why or why not? Only one grouped used in the study e. How were the rights of human subjects protected? Give a rationale for your response. The rights of human subjects were protected by not exposing their names besides following all ethical procedures. f. Can study findings be generalized? What are the limitations due to study and sampling design It cannot be generized because of limitations such as small sample size and age limit. g. Are there potential samplingbiases in the study? What are they? Why do you feel these are biases? Yes, these who are aged 85 years and above were excluded from the study which could lead to bias. 8. Measurements ItemResponse a. What instruments were used for the study?Anthropometric instrument b. Are the instruments sufficiently sensitive to detect small difference between subjects? Why or why not? Yes, anthropometric could measure a significant difference of two variables c. Is the instrument (construct)reliability and validity adequate for this study? Why or why not? ( For example,present information from Cronbach’s alpha if presented) No, its reliability and validity was not adequate for the research as only two variables showed gender differences (Pinto, et al., 2017). 9. Data Analysis.
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ItemResponse a. What data analysis procedures were used (what specific statistical tests were used)? Data tests included were IBM-SPSS software version 20.0, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA test as well as chi- square tests (Pinto & Braz, 2016). b. Explain why each test in 9.a. was appropriate or inappropriate. Address criteria for selection of each test and validate why each was appropriate (e.g., Chi Square analysis used to test for a relationship between nominal data collected to represent subject eye color and gender). IBM-SPSS software version 20.0 was appropriate as it was utilized to present mean values and standard deviations of patient’s characteristics. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was appropriate as it was used to assess the adherence to normal distribution. ANOVA gave comparisons and correlations while chi-square test utilized to compare groups of qualitative values. c. Were the results presented in an understandable way? Give a rationale for your response. Yes, the results were presented in form of percentages in tables which is clear and understandable. d. Did data analysis address questions and/or hypotheses of the study? Give a rationale for your response. Yes, it addressed the main objectives of the study by providing with information on the value of diet as a therapy for diabetic patients. 10. Interpretation of Findings. ItemResponse a. Are the findings discussed in relation to the objectives, questions, and/or hypotheses? Give a rationale for your response. Yes, findings are discussed based on proper diet as a valuable treatment. b. Are various explanations for the findings examined? What are they? The researchers have not examined the findings what they did is to provide recommendations for the findings. c. Is there evidence of researcher bias in the interpretation? Validate your answer. No, the researchers have interpreted their findings in the right way and given best recommendations which can be used by all people (Frois et al., 2014). d. Do the conclusions fit with the findings from the analysis? Give a rationale for your response. Yes, the findings are linked to the conclusion e. Are conclusions based on statistically significant or numericalresults? Give a rationale for your response. No, the conclusion is based on facts on how diabetic patients perceive nutritional intake.
f. Are limitations identified by the researcher? Give a rationale for your response. If not state at least two limitations. Yes, the identified limitation includes small sample size. g. Are there inconsistencies in the report? Give a rationale for your response (e.g., are variables presented in the discussions that are not identified in the study hypothesis, questions or purpose). What are they? No, the variables presented in discussion are not identified in the objective of the study. h. What do you still not know about the concepts investigated in this study and what future research can be envisioned? Specifically state this and give a rationale for your response. What I don’t know is the ways that cultural, economic and psychosocial hinder compliance of nutritional value. The study must examine the ways that instructive, psychosocial, social or financial attributes may upset consistency of nutritional recommendations (Pinto, et al., 2017). i. In what ways do the findings add to the current body of knowledge? It provided knowledge on the value of nutrition in the management of diabetes (Alligood, 2014). j. When the findings are examined in light of previous studies, are these results the same or different from those previous studies? The previous studies are almost similar as it is based on the diet and patient characteristic.
References Alligood, M. R. (2014). Areas for further development of theory-based nursing practice.MR Alligood (Ed.), Nursing theory: Utilization & application, 414-424. Frois, C., Dea, K., Ling, D., Dunn, J. D., & Baron, M. (2014, September). The burden of “serial non-adherence” in patients with type 2 diabetes. InPoster presented at: European Association for the Study of Diabetes Conference. McGovern, A., Tippu, Z., Hinton, W., Munro, N., Whyte, M., & de Lusignan, S. (2018). Comparison of medication adherence and persistence in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐ analysis.Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism,20(4), 1040-1043. Park, C., Song, M., Cho, B., Lim, J., Song, W., Chang, H., & Park, Y. H. (2015). Effects of a multi-disciplinary approached, empowerment theory based self-management intervention in older adults with chronic illness.Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing,45(2), 192-201. Pinto, E., & Braz, N. (2016). Ageing and Nutritional Therapy Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes.Current diabetes reviews,12(2), 107-113. Pinto, E., Braz, N., Nascimento, T., & Gomes, E. (2017). Do patients value nutritional therapy? A quantitative study in type-2 diabetes patients.International Journal of Diabetes and Clinical Research,4(2), 1-6.