Aeronautical Navigation Systems and Communication in Aircrafts

This article discusses the different types of navigation systems used in aircrafts such as VOR, ILS, DME, ADF, Doppler Navigation System, and Inertial Navigation System. It also explains the importance of voice communication systems in aircrafts and how they work. The article includes references for further reading.

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Table of Contents
Part 1..........................................................................................................................................3
VOR.......................................................................................................................................3
ILS..........................................................................................................................................3
DME.......................................................................................................................................3
ADF........................................................................................................................................4
Doppler Navigation system....................................................................................................4
Inertial Navigation System.....................................................................................................4
Part 2..........................................................................................................................................5
References..................................................................................................................................6

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Part 1
VOR
VHF Omni directional radio range (VOR) can be considered as a type of short range
radio signal which is related to the navigation system of the aircraft. This aspect directly
enables aircraft with a receiving unit which directly determine the position of aircraft and stay
on course by means of receiving radio signals which are directly transmitted by a network of
fixed ground radio beacon. The VOR directly produces an angle between the station and the
receiver of the aircraft while the distance measuring equipment does the same for the concept
of the range (Sabatini et al. 2014).
ILS
The full form is ILS is Instrument landing system. The definition which can be
applied to the concept so that it is a precision of the runway approach aid based system. The
main composition of the system are two radio beams which are together which provides the
pilot with both the access which is horizontal as well as vertical guidance during the aspect of
landing in the ground (Zhao et al. 2017). The frequency which is related to the localizer is in
the range of 108.1-111.95 MHz and the glide slope is directly between the range of 329.15-
335.0 MHz. these are the main frequency in which the modulation aspect of the aircraft ios
basically done.
DME
The main aspect which can be related to the concept of the DME is that it is a
combined radio navigation station relating to the aircraft. The main components which are
related to the DME are two radio neocons which are placed together which are distance
measurement equipment (DME) and omnidirectional range (VOR). The main functionality

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which is related to the VOR is that is produces a range which is related to the station and the
receiver in the aircraft while the DME Is used for the aspect of the range.
ADF
The concept of the ADF can be considered one of the most oldest forms of radio
navigation concept which are used in aircrafts which is known as the automatic direction
finder (ADF) or can be sometimes be stated as non-directional beacon (NDB) (Sabatini et al.
2014). The ADF receiver can be considered as a backup for the system which is related to the
VHF equipment. The main functionality which is related to the ADF can be in the sector of
the line of sign transmission which is very much reliable or it can be used when no VOR
equipment on the ground or in the aircraft are available.
Doppler Navigation system
The Doppler navigation system can be considered as a self-contained radar which is
related to the aspect of the measurement of the aircraft ground speed and the drift which is
produced in the aircraft. The main functionality which is related to the navigation system of
the Doppler is based on the aspect of the dead reckoning navigation of the aircraft (Sabatini et
al. 2014).
Inertial Navigation System
An inertial navigation system can be considered as a computer or a platform which is
related to the modules which are related to gyroscopes, accelerometers or other motion
sensing devices. The inertial navigation system is directly used in the aspect of the moving
objects including different types of aircraft which can be used in the guide to navigate missile
into an attack region.

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Part 2
The concept of the aircraft voice communication system can be considered one of the
most important part in the functionality of an aircraft (Zhao et al. 2017). The main concept
which is applied to the aspect of the voice communication system is the aspect of the
frequency band, transmitter and receiver. The collaboration of the different components
together form the basics of the communication aspect which can be implemented into an
aircraft. One of the other equipment which play a vital role in this sphere is the use of
antenna. The size of the antenna directly depends on the type of the aircraft and the location
of the antenna is directly dependent on the aspect of the design of the aircraft (Zhao et al.
2017). The concept of the VHF and HF can be considered two crucial part in the sector of the
working of the communication in the aircraft. There are different factors which can be
include into the concept of the communication of the aircraft which directly involve the
aspect of communicating with the ground in order to reach the desired request and assistance
from the ground. It can be stated that without the aspect of the communication the sector of
the working of the aircraft would not be possible as it is nearly impossible to provide a mean
of communication without any proper orientation of the approach. The aspect which is related
to the receiver and the transmitter saves lots of space which would be required in the aspect
of the communication and would be directly beneficial in the aspect of communication and
hence it is very much widely used in the communication aspect in the aircraft voice
communication aspect. The voice communication aspect in the aircraft are a combination of
many devices which work together in the form of providing a means of communication for
the different types of aircraft. It can be stated that research are being carrying on which would
be directly deployed in the sector of the voice communication and it can be note that it would
be playing a very vital role in the near future.

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References
Cappello, F., Ramasamy, S. and Sabatini, R., 2015. Low-cost multi-sensor data fusion for
unmanned aircraft navigation and guidance. International Journal of Science and
Engineering Investigations, 4(43), pp.1-10.
Cappello, F., Ramasamy, S. and Sabatini, R., 2016. A low-cost and high performance
navigation system for small RPAS applications. Aerospace Science and Technology, 58,
pp.529-545.
Liu, M., Lai, J., Li, Z. and Liu, J., 2016. An adaptive cubature Kalman filter algorithm for
inertial and land-based navigation system. Aerospace Science and Technology, 51, pp.52-60
Markelov, V., Shukalov, A., Zharinov, I., Kostishin, M. and Kniga, I., 2016, April. The
course correction implementation of the inertial navigation system based on the information
from the aircraft satellite navigation system before take-off. In IOP Conference Series:
Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 124, No. 1, p. 012020). IOP Publishing.
Sabatini, R., Gardi, A., Ramasamy, S. and Richardson, M.A., 2014, May. A laser obstacle
warning and avoidance system for manned and unmanned aircraft. In Metrology for
Aerospace (MetroAeroSpace), 2014 IEEE (pp. 616-621). IEEE.
Wang, X. and Shirinzadeh, B., 2014. Nonlinear multiple integrator and application to aircraft
navigation. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 50(1), pp.607-622.
Zhao, X.Y., Xiong, Z., Xiao, J.X. and Xu, W., 2017. A method for the dynamic monitoring
and prediction of aircraft flight status using the installed BeiDou navigation system. In
Advanced Materials and Energy Sustainability: Proceedings of the 2016 International
Conference on Advanced Materials and Energy Sustainability (AMES2016) (pp. 70-78).

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