Challenges and Opportunities in the implementation of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain for the Business Process Management in the Public sector Organisations in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

This research proposal analyses the challenges and opportunities of implementing Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain for Business Process Management in public sector organizations in Dubai, UAE. It identifies the challenges and opportunities of both technologies and their integration in the public sector.

Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Challenges and Opportunities in the implementation of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain
for the Business Process Management in the Public sector Organisations in Dubai, United
Arab Emirates
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:

1RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Executive Summary
The report is based on analysing the challenges and opportunities in the implementation of
artificial intelligence and Blockchain for the business process management in the public
sector organisations in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Both of the technologies are important
to gain a competitive position into the market. This particular study is analysing Artificial
Intelligence and Blockchain can effectively contribute to the fast-growing economy of Dubai
and surpass the challenges in implementing the Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain in
process management. The paper identifies the challenges with use of both the technologies
and opportunities of them to record of data for effective business processes.

2RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction.....................................................................................................................4
2.0 Significance of the study.................................................................................................4
3.0 Aim of the study..............................................................................................................5
4.0 Objectives of the study....................................................................................................5
5.0 Review of the literature...................................................................................................6
5.1 Overview of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain technology.....................................6
5.2 Challenges with AI and Blockchain implementation.......................................................8
5.2.1 Challenges in AI system............................................................................................8
5.2.1 Challenges in Blockchain technology.......................................................................9
5.3 Integration of AI as well as Blockchain technology in public sector organization of
Dubai....................................................................................................................................10
6.0 Research methodology.......................................................................................................11
6.1 The philosophy of the research......................................................................................12
6.2 The research design...................................................................................................12
6.3 The research approach...............................................................................................13
6.4 Data collection methods............................................................................................13
6.5 Sample............................................................................................................................14
6.6 Data analysis techniques to be used..........................................................................14
6.7 Timeline.....................................................................................................................14
7.0 Anticipated outcome of the research..................................................................................15
8.0 Implication of the study.....................................................................................................15

3RESEARCH PROPOSAL
9.0 Limitations of the study.....................................................................................................16
10.0 Recommendations............................................................................................................16
References................................................................................................................................17

4RESEARCH PROPOSAL
1.0 Introduction
The report is based on the challenges and opportunities in the implementation of artificial
intelligence and Blockchain for the business process management in the public sector
organisations in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The business process management (BPM) is
focused with design, execution, monitoring as well as improvement of the business processes.
The system is supported with execution of the processes used by the organizations to
streamline as well as automate of the organizational processes. The Blockchain technology
has potential to make changes into the business environment in which inter-organizational
processes are being operated (Omohundro 2014). The technology has potential to make
shifting a disclosure into BPM research about the system enables execution, monitoring as
well as improving the business processes within the business networks. BPM and Blockchain
technology have an opportunity to shape a fundamental shift for promotion of the
organizational processes.
In this particular paper, there is analysing the new challenges and opportunities of the
Blockchain technology into BPM. This paper is provided with background of the concepts of
the Blockchain technology and example of how the technology is applied to the business
processes. It goes beyond the impact of Blockchain that have core capability areas of the
BPM. The paper also summarizes a discussion by making an emphasis towards the future
research directions.
2.0 Significance of the study
There is higher significance of this particular study as the BPM can streamline the
business processes into the organization where the participants can trust each other. Into the
Blockchain technology, it will enable execution of the business processes across various

5RESEARCH PROPOSAL
companies along with untrusted participants. The Blockchain technology is such a distributed
database technology which can build the tamper proof list of the timestamped transactional
records. BPM is a digital automation of the business framework which help the public sector
organizations to improve its business efficiency as well as capability to execute the business
organizations.
3.0 Aim of the study
The aim of the current study is to analyse how Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain
can effectively contribute to the fast-growing economy of Dubai and surpass the challenges
in implementing the Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain in process management in the
public sector organizations in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates.
4.0 Objectives of the study
The paper is shown that the Blockchain technology is used into the public sector
organization for the process innovation. The key objectives of this particular study are:
 To implement of artificial intelligence and Blockchain for the business process
management in public sector organizations
 To gain of 20% profit into the business organizations to take advantage of
artificial intelligence and Blockchain technology
 To increase of business revenue of UAE by 10% based on the business
circumstances
 To increase of market share of the public sector organization by 10% by
implementing of new Blockchain technology
 To complete the implementation plan within 5 years
Following is the research question for this particular study such as:

6RESEARCH PROPOSAL
What are the challenges and opportunities in the implementation of artificial
intelligence and Blockchain for the business process management?
5.0 Review of the literature
The purpose of this section is to review the literature related to the applications of the
artificial intelligence as well as Blockchain technologies into the public sector organisations
in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The analysis is based on presenting the challenges and
opportunities involved with implementation of those technologies and the research is focused
to integrate on two project outcomes (Mamoshina et al. 2018). The data for the literature is
collected from sources such as journal articles, literature on selected subject and newspaper
articles. Relevant data on this subject is available from various sources and hence this
research is theoretical. The most important task is to filter as well as validate the collected
information.
5.1 Overview of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain technology
The artificial intelligence enables a machine to reflect and perform like a human being.
The machines are indistinguishable from the humans, within recent years there are lot of
progresses to build smarter machines (Zheng et al. 2016). The abilities of AI are:
 Capability to analyse the big data considered volume of the data generated
through the big data, AI is required for the analysing purpose.
 Capability to analyse the unstructured data which are obtained from the sources of
big data. Unstructured data are difficult for analysing from end of humans. AI is
used for identification of patterns by predictive modelling like the customization
of the products and segmentation of market (Jia et al. 2018).

7RESEARCH PROPOSAL
 Machine learning AI has ability to train the machine. The machines are to be
provided at larger set of real time data. The neural networks are being used for
training the machines to analyse the human brain.
Blockchain is a new technology as well as huge investment which is made yearly to
explore the business potential. The well-defined areas of the Blockchain is included with
bitcoin, technical implementation of the Blockchain into the public sector organization in
UAE. Marwala and Xing (2018) stated that the Blockchain technology is electronic ledger
that is used of global peer-to-peer network to provide with open platform where the
transactions are being recorded. It is allowed of distributed transactions to distribute and
create the chain of transactions where the parties are trusted the system.
Figure 1: Future of the Blockchain technology
(Source: Karaboga et al. 2014, pp-46)
Nilsson (2014) discussed that the human minds are known to inquisitive as well as
evolution of the information technology until the informational age, and there are various
Detailed
customer
informati
on
Smart
contracts
Cutting
the fraud
and boost
the
cybersecu
rity
Future of
blockchain
technology
Speen and
payments
Tap into
new
markets
Improvemen
t over
transparency

8RESEARCH PROPOSAL
technological advancements. Russell and Norvig (2016) argued that huge amount of
information are generated as well as distributed among people gave rise to the innovative
technology in area of the network storage as well as network. Technology moves direction of
the big data and artificial intelligence, Blockchain and organizations are concerned about to
stay competitive into the public sector industry of Dubai. Karaboga et al. (2014) analyzed
that there is a rise into the estimated capital market of the Blockchain technology is projected
from $39 million in the year 2014 to about $400 million in the year 2019 with a disruptive
possible outside the product innovations, revenue streams and also operating systems into
existing market industry.
5.2 Challenges with AI and Blockchain implementation
5.2.1 Challenges in AI system
Ghasemi et al. (2014) discussed that in field of AI as well as Blockchain technology,
there are discussion of the applications as well as challenges involved with the technologies
in public sector organizations in Dubai. Vasant and DeMarco (2015) stated that the
challenges into implementation of AI are as follows:
Privacy of the data: This particular factor indicates that there are lots of personal data
which are collected with use of social media as well as other sources and fed AI system in
form of the unstructured big data (Raza and Khosravi 2015). Privacy as well as security of
data is a major concern where there is collected of personal data are regulated in Dubai public
sector industry. Restriction of input of data is resulted to provide improper as well as
inadequate data to the AI system that consequence in faults of output. It is required to handle
strict regulations of data privacy.
Autonomy of machine: This factor is determined how control over the machine is
taken place. Humans are trusted the machines more than it trusts the humans, but it is

9RESEARCH PROPOSAL
required to be careful as it is easier to lie through data (Russell and Norvig 2016). A legal
framework is required for this. Regions into the world are accepted of automatic machines
like Dubai have strict regulations.
Fairness of output: It is major challenge used by the AI system. Varmuza and
Filzmoser (2016) presented that bias are intentional, due to faults in machine design and
inexact training data into the system causes a major rise for AI system. Designers are required
to become careful while profiling of data to reduce the bias as much as possible. When the
data into AI system is biased, it is compulsory of proper filtered such that it will not spread
into the digital system. It is not possible to remove the bias totally, the regulations are located
to choose how bias are satisfactory and guaranteed that it will not lead to complete the
discriminations.
5.2.1 Challenges in Blockchain technology
Following are the challenges into the Blockchain technology such as:
Data limit: The nascent technology will resolve the challenges like transactional speed,
process of verification as well as data limitation is making the technology applicable. In this
research field, the firms are looked to customize the technology as required (Belle 2017).
Uncertainty into the regulations: There are uncertain into the organizational regulations
as modern currencies are created and regulated by the national governments, wide adoption
of the cryptocurrencies into the public sector organizations is difficult if the government
regulations status are remained same (Buchanan and Naqvi 2018). As the technology is
nascent, therefore it is not probable to regulate it properly. Permissioned Blockchain
technology is not possible to regulate in current form and the industry standards are required
to be developed for same.

10RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Large energy consumption: The bitcoin technology miners are attempted of 450
thousand trillion solutions per second to authorise the transactions and usage of amounts of
computer power as well as electricity (Pilkington 2016). There is required to grow of
agreement mechanisms that is cautiously as well as ecologically effective.
Security and privacy concern: The cybersecurity concerns are required to address before
people are entrust the personal data into the Blockchain solutions (Crosby et al. 2016). AI
privacy of data is a concern that is mitigated by use of permissioned Blockchain with stronger
encryptions.
5.3 Integration of AI as well as Blockchain technology in public sector
organization of Dubai
Dubai is transforming into smart city as it is embraced of AI, adapts of newer
technologies as well as starts to implement of Blockchain strategies. The Blockchain strategy
2021 is aimed to get 50 percentage of the governmental transactions to implement of
Blockchain platform over coming three years. It is a step helps to except around $3 billion,
398 million of the printed documents with 77 million of the work hours yearly. Yli-Huumo et
al. (2016) stated that adaption of the advanced Blockchain technologies as well as utilization
and enhancement of the governmental performance is established approach to adapt by UAE.
The opportunities of AI as well as Blockchain technology is that it is used to identify the
business process engineering into organizations, enhances the regulations and enables
effective monitoring of the business developments in addition systems. Underwood (2016)
discussed that firms are investing to integrate of new and effective business process solutions
using AI and Blockchain. As the Blockchain technology is new, therefore the public sector
organizations of Dubai are working together to integrate of AI Blockchain technology. Olnes
(2016) argued that it is user friendly, and energy effective with digital ledger can maximize

11RESEARCH PROPOSAL
the security while remain immutable and employed the artificial intelligence agents that can
govern the chain. Following are the benefits of integration of those two technologies such as:
1. The Blockchain technology is allowed to share of data and perfect of the AI
system. By share of data, AI system can identify the problems in part of the
system (Tapscott and Tapscott 2016). It helps to provide better auditing of the
system as well as savings of cost.
2. AI is required of valid datasets as well as Blockchain for improvement of
better AI models (Crosby and Nachiappan 2017). The global repository is
allowed people to share of datasets as well as models used to improve in the
technologies.
3. The Blockchain is provided with tamper resistant global public registry to
store the claim for copyright of the IP assets (Sikorski, Haughton and Kraft
2017). It provides a platform for licensing of the transactions as well as
transfer of ownership with proper business permissions.
The public sector organizations are planned to implement of strategy to ensure about data
security as well as privacy. The Blockchain technology has made reconciliation for the
accounts of the governmental fees effective. The reconciliation is taking of 45 days to settle
the transactions in addition to reconcile them. With use of the proposed technologies, the
organizations have taken it from 45 days to zero. The technology is allowed the information
to share it properly. The government of UAE is collected of Dh12 billion in fees per year that
is involved with more than billions of the transactions. The reason behind implementation of
AI and Blockchain is to collect of larger amounts of data, discover of valuable insights into
the data that can uncheck full potential (Buchanan and Naqvi 2018). With implementation of
Blockchain and AI system, the organizations are tried to stay competitive into the public
sector industry of Dubai.

12RESEARCH PROPOSAL
6.0 Research methodology
The research methodologies are described the framework which are followed to
conduct this particular study. The selected methods are based on aim as well as research
objectives which are selected previously. This particular section describes the research
methods which are followed to analyse selected research topic. In order to conduct research,
it is required to identify as well as define the research philosophy and research methods that
are sync with the research objectives (Mackey and Gass 2015). This section is described in
details how the data are being collected as well as analyzed. The selected methods ensure that
the data collection is reliable and valid. As the aim of this study is put forward towards the
analysis, therefore analytical research methods are selected.
6.1 The philosophy of the research
The research philosophy is helped to understand assumptions of the researcher. It is
provided with an overview of the identification which are made by the researcher as true and
real. In this particular study, constructivism research philosophy is implied with the facts as
well as observations which are interrelated. Relevant evaluations are carried based on the
published literature study (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). The paper is required an
analysis of the facts which are required in existing literature as well as evaluation for which
selected methods are proper to adopt.
6.2 The research design
According to Lewis (2015), application of the detailed research design helps the
researcher to develop the framework which is required to collect as well as analyse the data.
Proper use of research design methods reveals the data sources required to finish the study.
As this particular study is cross sectional, therefore descriptive research design is used and
other methods are eliminated. This design method helps to conduct the study to evaluate the

13RESEARCH PROPOSAL
challenges and opportunities in implementation of AI and Blockchain technology. The
researcher can describe the procedures and methods which are followed into the
implementation process of technologies in public sector organizations. This method also
provides description of events which are conducted based on project timeline and impact on
undertaken the selected research topic.
6.3 The research approach
Flick (2015) stated that research approach is revealed with required structure to conduct
the analysis of selected topic. In this particular study, the selected research approach is
deductive approach which is conducted to study the challenges and opportunities of
technologies into the business processes of public sector organizations. This selected method
is allowed to reveal path for conducting the study in proper manner. As no concepts as well
as theories are proposed in this study, therefore application of inductive is eliminated.
Deductive research approach allowed the researcher to define as well as utilize of concepts to
conduct this particular study in this field (Vaioleti 2016). In order to understand the AI as
well as Blockchain technology, the whitepaper on Bitcoin is referred that explained in details
about the features of the Blockchain technology. Due to recent surge into the research paper
on AI and Blockchain, up-to-date information on those technologies are accessible on the
internet. There are also conference papers on AI which provides latest developments into
those technologies. Information related to selected research topic are accessible from online
forums as well as blogs.
6.4 Data collection methods
The data are considered as useful collection of information which are helpful for the
research study. It helps to get proper results and data related to selected research topic which
enables standard format of the work. The selected data collection method for this study is
primary data collection where the data are gathered by use of survey as well as interview

14RESEARCH PROPOSAL
method. Taking survey of the employees working into the firm and user of Blockchain
technology can provide with better understanding of those technologies in real life. The
primary data sources help to get data from the employees those are working into the public
sector organizations. A list of questionnaire is prepared and distributed through online
method where the participants provide their feedback. This method is helpful to collect raw
data as per the research requirements. In this present study, the primary sources are included
with online survey through questionnaire with the employees those help to gain information
based on selected research objectives. The literature sources also considered as output of the
data which are gained from the secondary sources. Those are included with online as well as
offline sources such as journal articles, blogs, newspaper and others.
6.5 Sample
The selected sample of this study is random probability sample where the sample
population is selected from the public sector organizations in Dubai. The selected sample size
is 50.
6.6 Data analysis techniques to be used
The researcher is conducted of qualitative data analysis techniques for the obtained
secondary data. This particular technique helps to provide of theoretical concepts related to
artificial intelligence and Blockchain technology. In order to analyse the data, the researcher
is taken of regression analysis as statistical methods to analyse reliability as well as validity
of collected data. Based on this statistical method, the researcher is identified the independent
as well as dependent variable which are present in this study.
6.7 Timeline
Main activities/
stages
Week
1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7
Selecting a research
topic
·

15RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Main activities/
stages
Week
1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7
Identification of
primary sources
· ·
Research layout is
developed
·
Detailed review of
literature study
· · ·
Formation of the
appropriate
research plan
· ·
Selection of proper
research methods
based on research
objectives
· ·
Collection of data
using primary
method
· ·
Performing survey
using questionnaire
· ·
Data analysis and
data findings
·
Conclusion and
implications of
research study
·
Development of
draft
· ·
Submission of the
research final report
to the supervisor
· ·
7.0 Anticipated outcome of the research
It is analyzed that there are risks as well as challenges into implementation of AI as well
as Blockchain technology, but the net benefits outweigh the drawbacks. The public sector
organizations are slow in adopting the technologies for steady improvements. The experts
working in this field are working to offer guidelines and set best practices to promote growth
as well as innovation in the field. The organizations are trying to make sure that the
customer’s rights are being proceed in this particular process. The technologies are evolved
with time and study to adapt them as case with the internet.

16RESEARCH PROPOSAL
8.0 Implication of the study
It is concluded that AI and Blockchain technology would overcome the challenges and
evolved while it is implemented properly into the organizations. It is possible that alternative
technology is evolved which would replace this two technologies in addition to provide with
better solutions. The technology is transformative and its key innovation is related to create
database which is open as well as decentralized.
9.0 Limitations of the study
The primary limitation of this study is that the data are collected using only primary data
sources. Even though collected data are sufficient to understand technologies as well as its
applications. The data are not obtained by use of secondary data collection methods. AI as
well as Blockchain firms should provide of better understanding related to applications,
opportunities and impact in real world of those technologies. It would also help to provide
hand view of the challenges that the firms are facing due to implementation of AI and
Blockchain. Another limitation of this study is that the research perspective is towards
technologies.
10.0 Recommendations
Following are recommendations of the business before implementation of AI and
Blockchain technology such as:
Assessment of industry’s needs: Before implementation of Blockchain technology, it
is required to assess requirements of selected industry and problems to solve. Knowing the
business needs make it easier to assess while the technologies will play a better role in
bringing the efficiencies.

17RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Collaboration of industry: Implementation of Blockchain into the industry is useful
when the entire industry is involved into the project work. The technology is supposed to the
network are actors are connected to same global as well communal ledger.
Implementation of standards: The industry is required to work with the government
for sake of the organizational regulations to ensure that the standards are taking into security
as well as data integrity.
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