Urban Health Issues and Challenges
Added on 2020-02-14
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URBAN HEALTH
TABLE OF CONTENTSb)INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................1c) Reasons for why this is an urban health issue....................................................................1d) Explaining the urban context and determinants which look at to explain the impact on thehealth issue.............................................................................................................................5e) Identifying and explaining the public health consequences and implications of this urbanhealth problem that impact on the general populations..........................................................6f) Strategies and interventions for addressing this urban health problem..............................9g) Recommendation..............................................................................................................10CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
b) INTRODUCTIONNow day there are so many diseases prevailing in the environment of urban areas whichare affecting the health of various people. As various health issues are increasing the number ofdeaths in Kensington and Chelsea so, it is essential for the government to take some strict actionsagainst the same. According to a survey conducted, it has been estimated that in 2050, 70% ofworld population would live in cities (Manley, Boots and Wilfert, 2015). This would highlyimpact the environment and increase the rate of health issue. There are different type of issues ordisease which are been faced by people in urban areas. These diseases include TB, diarrhoeal,HIV/AIDS, etc. On the other hand it also includes non-communicable diseases which are cancer,heart diseases, asthma, diabetes, etc. This report would focus on the impact of increase in airpollution in Kensington and Chelsea on the health of people. Further, it covers the public healthconsequences and implications of pollution over urban health problem that impact on the generalpopulation on health services and on individual. c) Reasons for why this is an urban health issueAround the world, air pollution can be determined as one of the main issue which ishighly affecting the health of people in urban area. It occurs because of dust particles, gases, etc.Mainly, it causes because of air becomes dirty (Dowdle, and Hopkins, 2014). In this context, thethings which pollute the air are known as pollutants and there are types of pollutants which are asfollows:Primary pollutants: There are the type of particles or gases which are been pumped intoair. Primary pollutants include carbon monoxide which is caused from vehicles, sulphurdioxide which is caused from combustion of coal.Secondary pollutants: This occurs when pollutants of air get mixed up in a chemicalreaction and this result in more dangerous chemical. One of the best examples forsecondary pollutant is Photochemical smog.This area of study is very important and it has to be considered to be very essential issuesas it causes many urban health related problems (Tanner and Harpham, 2014). With this respect,some dangerous chemicals like vinyl chloride or benzene causes birth defects, nerve damage,brain damage, lungs infection, cancer, etc. In addition to this, in some of the cases, there arechances that because of breathing such chemical cause even death. Further, contaminated air can1
make nose and eyes to burn and it may also create issue in respiration, increase problems toasthma patients. According to a research conducted, it has been found that air pollution whichare been caused due to power plant, factories and cars has resulted in asthma attacks.In Europe, Kensington and Chelsea is one of the most polluted cities. This has resulted inreducing the average life expectancy, diabetes and breast cancer. Main cause of air pollution inKensington and Chelsea is because of vehicles (Engstrom, Ofiesh and Weeks, 2013). London isthe second most visited city around the world and it has been crowned to be the most innovativeglobal city. Further, it has also been awarded to be the most polluted city in the world. With thisrespect, it has been found that 50% of nitrogen dioxide is cited city is due to traffic. As per thedata, it can be stated that about 2800 people of Kensington and Chelsea die because of airpollution. Moreover, this has caused in child development and it has been found that 30% ofasthma in children.Air pollution is been caused because of both natural and human actions. Some of thereasons because of natural events pollute the air is wind erosion, forest fire, natural radioactivity,etc. On the other hand human, activities which result in air pollution are as follows:Manufacturing and industries activities:In most of the companies or factories the use of coal has been raised. When coal is burnt,it makes lot of smoke because of which air is been polluted. It was 200 years ago when industrialrevolution started in Britain (Caiaffa, Friche and Kano, 2014). This raised the issue of pollutionand this also affected the climatic condition of Kensington and Chelsea. Together with fog and2Illustration 1: Industry pollution
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