Airworthiness

Running head: AIRWORTHINESS
Airworthiness
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Introduction:
The modern aviation industry is observed to be significantly competitive with the
increased number of organizations participating in the industry. The conventional carriers
which were present in the industry are observed to face notable amount of intense
competition from the part of the new entries of the industry. It is observed that the many of
the new organizations concentrated on the low cost carriers are significantly making the
survival of the conventional organizations, difficult. However the competition in the modern
aviation industry is observed to have the base on many of the aspects which are the safety and
security of the customers, the quality of the services offered to the customers, the effective
management of the timing, the costing of the services offered to the customers and the
reputation of the carriers. One of the above mentioned aspects which is the costing of the
services that the companies offer to the customers of it, is observed to be the fundamental
criteria for the intense competition in the industry.
Many of the modern organizations are observed to be focus on the low cost carriers
and that is significant for them ion the increment of the competition as the other organization
are observed to be notably affected from that. This is the central idea for the increased
competition in the mentioned industry as notable numbers of organizations are focused in
employing competitive pricing policy for their customers to make sure that they be able to
attract their customers. Apart from this, another crucial factor responsible for the increment in
the market competitions is seen to be the airworthiness. The concept of the airworthiness is
related to the safety and the security of the aviation operations. The customers are seen to be
notably influenced by the organizations capable of providing the much required safety and
that is pretty visible with the statistics of the sales as well1. The companies that have the
1 De Florio, Filippo. Airworthiness: An introduction to aircraft certification and operations. Butterworth-
Heinemann, 2016.

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reputation to produce the quality and safe services are seen to dominate the market. With the
increasing number of accidents in the aviation industry, many of the analysts are seen to
consider the safety to be the prime concern for the customers and they rate it to be more
important than the pricing for the customers during the time of purchasing. The concept of
the safety that is associated with the aviation industry is seen to be divided into parts which
are external and the internal. While the external are concerned with the issues like the storm,
inappropriate weather and the accidents due to the hitting of the other flying birds, the
internal are concentrated with the notable disturbances or inappropriateness in the mechanism
or machineries of the flights2. One of the main factors responsible in the increased amount of
safety concern of the modern day aviation industry is seen to be the issues related with the
airworthiness.
The paper is focused in the evaluation of the concept of airworthiness with a precise
focus on the implementation of it through the required infrastructure and design of the
aircrafts. The paper also analyses the two different parts of the airworthiness which are the
initial airworthiness and the continuous airworthiness. Along with this, the paper also
explains the relationship between the certification and the compliance on the basis of the
various certifications such as the AD, ICAO and NAA. Along with this, the paper evaluates a
case of airworthiness for the description of the impact of the airworthiness. In addition to this,
the paper identifies the technical innovations and the development of the system in order to
improve the safety of the flights and the customers.
The concept of the airworthiness is defined as the measure of the appropriateness of
aircrafts for the safe flights. It is significantly important for the aviation industry in the
production of the safe and secure service to the customers. The conduction of the tests for the
airworthiness is observed to be controlled by the employees before the travelling. It is a
2 Easa.europa.eu 2019, "| EASA". EASA, https://www.easa.europa.eu/.

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routine check-up of the aircrafts for making sure that all the machinery and the parts of the
aircrafts to be used in flying is in fit condition. The airworthiness of the aircrafts are seen to
be issued through the process of certification from the part of the state aircraft registry
national aviation authority. The maintenance of the airworthiness is performed through
making sure that none operates the aircrafts which are not in the airworthy condition. At the
same time , Code of Federal Regulations in United States, Title 14, Subchapter F, Part 91.7
confirm the fact that the pilot in command will be the person responsible for the evaluation of
the condition of the aircrafts regarding the airworthiness so that the aircraft can be used for
the safe operations. In addition to this, the pilot in command has all the authority to
discontinue the operations of the aircrafts in any sort of situation where it is felt that the
mechanical, electrical and the structural condition of the aircrafts are not airworthy for a safe
operation.
The main regulation dedicated for the determination of the airworthiness was
produced by the International Civil Aviation Organization in the Chicago convention of the
International Civil Aviation where the concept of the airworthiness was defined in terms of
the engine, aircraft, propeller and the other parts which constitutes the aircraft. Hence, the
concept of the airworthiness is considered to be the status of the aircraft, engine, propeller
and the other parts which are constructed in accordance to the approved design of it and is
maintained to a certain condition which is suitable for airworthy operations3. In addition to
the guidelines for the consideration of the airworthy status also covers the fact that the
aircrafts are used in the approved standards and limitations and along with that, the aircrafts
are operated by certain individuals who are certified for such operations from approved
3 Clothier, Reece A., et al. "Challenges to the development of an airworthiness regulatory framework for
unmanned aircraft systems." AIAC16: 16th Australian International Aerospace Congress. Engineers Australia,
2015.

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organizations and their actions are considered to be the accepted on behalf of the state of
aircraft registry.
Airworthiness Requirements:
Initial Airworthiness:
The regulations for the required infrastructures during the designing and
manufacturing of the aircrafts is seen to be based on the European Union Aviation Safety
Agency. The part 21 of the recommended legislation from the part of the mentioned authority
is seen to be the fundamental clauses of legislation for the Initial airworthiness. The part 21
of the legislation is seen to include the various aspects such as the General Provisions, Design
Organization Approval and Production Organization Approval. Apart from this, the
mentioned part of the legislation also includes subparts such as the Type -Certificates and
restricted Type –Certificates, changes to Type –Certificates and restricted Type –Certificates,
Certificates of Airworthiness and restricted Certificates of Airworthiness, Production without
Production Organization Approval, Permit to Fly, Repairs, Noise Certificates, Parts and
Appliances, Identification of Products, Parts and Appliances, Supplemental Type –
Certificates and European Technical Standard Order Authorisation4.
Subpart G of the Part 21 of the EASA legislation:
The subpart G of the Part 21 of the above mentioned legislation is focused in the
Production Organization Approval (POA). The main focus of the sub part of the above
mentioned legislation is divided into various parts such as the scope for the Applicable
Design Data, the portrayal of the needs of an approval, linkage between the design and the
production organizations, application form and manner, Quality system and the various
4 Maddalon, Jeffrey M., et al. "Perspectives on unmanned aircraft classification for civil airworthiness
standards." (2013).

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elements of the quality system. The legislation also covers the vendor and the sub-contractor
assessment, audit and the control of the operations and the other party supplier certification,
Independent Quality Assurance functions, Monitoring functions, Production Organization
Exposition, approval requirements regarding the airworthiness, noise, fuel venting along with
the exhaust emissions, Employee Certification, Evidence Authorisation, management of the
changes, transferability, terms of approval and the management of the changes in it,
Investigations and the identification of the absence of the satisfactory control along with the
condition for the safe operations5.
The Subpart is significant in stating the fact that POA holder or the applicant is
responsible for aligning the procedures with the correct transcription of the original design
data during the development of the own manufacturing data from the design data package
which is expected to be delivered by the design organizations.
The subpart plays a crucial role in confirming the fact that procedures and the
processes are expected to reflect the manner in which the information regarding the
airworthiness, noise, fuel venting and the emissions of the exhaust is to be used to issue and
update the production or the quality data. This is significant in the determination of the
conformity of the parts, appliances and the products. The sub part also confirms that the
procedure is in need to define the traceability of the above mentioned data for each individual
parts or the products so that the certification of the condition for the safe operations and the
issuing a statement of conformity becomes easier.
Subpart J of the Part 21 of the EASA legislation:
The subpart J of the part 21 of the EASA legislation is based on the Design
Organization Approval. The mentioned subpart covers the aspects such as the Design
5 Oster Jr, Clinton V., John S. Strong, and C. Kurt Zorn. "Analyzing aviation safety: problems, challenges,
opportunities." Research in transportation economics 43.1 (2013): 148-164.