Understanding Team Dynamics and Leadership

This assignment delves into the principles of organizational behavior, focusing on concepts such as equity theory, team dynamics, and leadership styles. It examines how these factors influence employee motivation, teamwork, and overall organizational success. The provided readings explore various theories and models related to these topics, including Tuckman's stages of team development and insights into effective leadership practices.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. (a) Influence of organisational culture, politics and power on individual and team
performance.................................................................................................................................1
M1. (b) Impact of culture, politics and power on team behaviour .............................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2. Role of content and process theories of motivation .............................................................3
(a)Type of motivational theory...................................................................................................3
(b)Motivational theory aiding in enhancing the skill of employee. ...........................................4
M2 Influence of motivational theory on the behaviour of an individual. ..................................5
(c) Ways to improve motivational level in BBC.........................................................................5
D1 Relationship between culture, politics power and motivation and its effect on individual
behaviour.....................................................................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P3. Types of team and factors that make an effective team .......................................................6
(a) Types of team........................................................................................................................6
(b)Factors that make an effective team different from ineffective team:....................................6
M3 Role of team development theory in dynamic cooperation. ................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P4 (a) Concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour ...................................................8
(b)Barriers to effective performance.........................................................................................10
M4 Influence of organisational philosophy on the behaviour of individual. ...........................10
D2 Relevance of team development theories in context of organisational behaviour.............10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour can be described as a study of individual interaction in team
within an organisational setting. This analysis help in firm in taking necessary measure that help
in bringing efficiency in firm (Guastello, 2013) Organisational behaviour can be understand at
three level that is interaction of individual within an organisation, interaction of team and
organisation itself.
It has become one of the important tool in current time that help entity in bringing efficiency in
working.
In current report, BBC has been taken into consideration. It is the world’s oldest
broadcasting organisation owing its existence for last 95 years. This is one of the leading firms in
mass media industry with more than 20,000 employees all over the world. The study is about
understanding the role of organisational behaviour. It will provide a detailed study on the
influence of culture, politics and power on behaviour of an individual as well as organisation.
Along with this, different motivational theories and ways to maintain team effectiveness in firm
are also mentioned.
TASK 1
P1. (a) Influence of organisational culture, politics and power on individual and team
performance
Organisation is an entity where many people come together in order to achieve a common
goal. Each firm works on the set of values, principles and beliefs which are responsible for
maintaining a culture of firm. Handy culture model has been explained below. Power culture: In this power is given to central person or higher authority, who are
responsible to make all the necessary decision regarding the firm. This make whole
process of decision making fast. Employees view are not entertained here. Sometime it
can lead to unrest in firm (Hashim and Wok, 2014) Task culture: In this, teams are made to handle specific tasks or projects. In this, priority
is given to the task, there is no permanent leader and power get shifted to other people
according to the need and situation present so that best result can be acquired. Person culture: In this type of culture, people are seen as superiors and the only reason
for organisation’s existence is to provide a place where individual can work. It is mixture
of strangers who happen to work for same organisation.
1

 Role culture: In this culture, power get delegated among subordinates and each person
have its own responsibility and roles to achieve. Power a person get is determined on the
basis of its role and position in firm.
BBC has adopted power culture in their working which doesn't provide much flexibility
and workforce a chance to present their views which leads to many problems like
miscommunication, lack of trust, etc. It will be better for the firm to adopt task or role culture so
that efficiency can be maintained.
Politics: it is a process or behaviour of human interaction of those who are in power. It
studies the way a person use its power in the organisation. There are two type of politics
mentioned below: Positive politics: Politics can be positive if it helps employees in their working.
Employees who are aware of politics in organisation are far more productive. In order to
encourage employee firm can develop a political culture that is easy for workers to
understand.
 Negative politics: Politics become negative when the individual motives and self interest
over power the interest of organisation without any regard to its impact on the business.
When an employee uses the power given to him for self interest such as choosing a
employee for promotion on the basis of favouritism instead of capability affect the
working of firm and also affect their performance.
Power: The higher authority had power to influence the decision of other. Power help
firm in controlling its employees and ensuring that every one is following the norms and
principle of firm. Power can also be both positive and negative. Positive power: positive power in organisation can be encouraged by delegation of
power among employees and providing them with a chance to make decision at the time
of need this help in building the confidence of staff and also increase their involvement
and loyalty toward the firm. This will make sure that there is no misuse of power and
every employee is getting equal chance in firm (Karriker, Madden and Katell, 2017)
 Negative power: When employer disregard their employees, and use their power and
authority to force their decision on employees it becomes negative. In such type of
environment threat and punishment favouritism are common occurrence. It has major
impact on the behaviour and their work and promote politics in working.
2

In BBC, politics and power has always been the major issues even the basic value of firm
is to respect each individual but many individuals in firm complained of misuse of power and
favouritism. They find it difficult to find better opportunity of development and promotion. It is
necessary for the organisation to make necessary changes so that there will be no misuse of
power and politics as well as each and every employee would get chance of development.
M1. (b) Impact of culture, politics and power on team behaviour
Politics and power have a major impact on the culture of firm. If these both are used in a
positive way then it will have a positive influence on the culture and environment of entity. In
case this is used negatively, it will have an adverse impact on the working of firm. The culture of
BBC includes values and beliefs like trust, independence, creativity, respect, etc. But wrong use
of power and politics have caused many problems leading to the failure of culture and
dissatisfaction of employees that not only affect their performance but also, their behaviour and
attitude towards the firm. This, it is essential for BBC to take necessary steps so that better
working environment can be created in the firm.
TASK 2
P2. Role of content and process theories of motivation
(a)Type of motivational theory
The success of firm is not determine by the great idea but by the people who are
responsible for carrying out that idea. It necessary of firm to motivate their employee so that they
can perform better. Motivational theory provide firm with different ways through which firm can
motivate its employee and encourage them perform better. There are two type of motivation
theory that is
 Content theory
 purpose theory
Content theory: These theories are also known as need theory. The focus of this theory lies on
different things or needs that can motivate a person. In this motivation come from within the
person. There are many content theories such as Maslow, Herzberg etc. (Miner, 2015)
3

Process theory: This theory focuses more on the process, it lay emphasis on different way
through which behaviour of a person can energised, sustained and stropped. There are four
important process theories such as reinforcement, expectancy, equity and goal setting.
(b)Motivational theory aiding in enhancing the skill of employee.
Herzberg theory of motivation
Herzberg model of motivation is focussed on two terms that is satisfaction and no
satisfaction he evolved five factors that are major reason behind the satisfaction of staff and term
them as hygiene factor
 Achievement
 work itself
 recognition
 advancement
 responsibility
According to Herzberg if this factors are made available to employee they will become
less dissatisfied and will work and perform better.
Equity theory:
In these workers make comparison between the level of effort with fellow worker and the
reward they receive for their effort. If they find equity between two they work to maintained that
equity but if they find any difference they try to decrease this level of difference. They make
necessary changes so that their performance can be increased. Among all this its indispensable of
firm to ensure that reward are based on equitable basis and any type of unfair diminished. This
not only improve the performance of employee but also provided them with a chance of self
improvement (Northouse, 2015). It plays major role in enhancing the effectiveness and
productivity of firm.
4

Ill
ustration 1: Response to equity theory
(Source: Equity theory. 2016.)
§
M2 Influence of motivational theory on the behaviour of an individual.
(c) Ways to improve motivational level in BBC
This theory can have major impact on the behaviour and working of an individual. BBC
can adopt this theory to analyse the need of employees and take necessary steps in fulfilling this
needs. With the help of equity theory firm can ensure that each individual are treated with same
respect and are provided with equal chance of development. This will have positive impact on
the behaviour of individual and he will feel more satisfied and will also start taking initiative in
the name of firm (Vasu, Stewart and Garson, 2017)
D1 Relationship between culture, politics power and motivation and its effect on individual
behaviour.
Culture politic and power play major role in the motivation of staff. If firm has good
culture that provide each individual an equal chance to show their capability and performance, it
will enhance the motivation of person. A firm with good political culture which and proper
5

delegation of power increase the involvement of worker and also help in building the confidence
of person it also helps in motivating employee to perform its best.
TASK 3
P3. Types of team and factors that make an effective team
(a) Types of team.
An organisation is a cluster of various department and team that are responsible for the
success of firm and help it in achieving its goal and objective. There are many activities that are
need to be carry out in firm on daily basis its. Organisation made various team so that efficiency
can be maintained in firm some team in a corporate are mentioned below
Functional team: This team are permanent team of firm that help firm in carrying out different
activity on daily basis. This team are responsible for the major function of firm. This team
generally consist of operational department. HR department, finance department etc.
Problem solving team: This team are temporary team that get dissolve after their job are done.
This teams are made in order to solve different issue and problem that firm is facing.
Project team: This team is formed when there is new task or project that is required to be
finished. This team are generally formed of people of different department who are expertise in
nature.
Virtual team: Virtual team has become important part of firm. This team are formed of people
with different geographical area who are miles apart. Development of digital world technology
make it possible for firm to develop a team disregard of any physical barrier. The communication
are carried out with the help Skype and other social networking sites (Weller, Boyd and Cumin,
2014)
A team require people from different team and department to come together and work
efficiently so that goals and objectives of firm can be achieved. Working in team help firm in
building strong relationship among staff. It also has positive impact on the performance of an
worker. With the help of effective team staff was able to work and cooperate efficiently with
each other.
(b)Factors that make an effective team different from ineffective team:
Open discussion: Open discussion is one of the important characteristics that formed an
effective team. It creates space in working which provide each member a chance to present their
6

view in open. It also helps firm in selecting the best possible way through which they can handle
the task in the best possible way.
Situational leadership: A great team doesn't have single leader the power keep shifting so that
demands and needs according the situation can be met. Each leader have it owns view and style
to tackle different problem, this system make sure that only that person get selected who has
calibre to handle the situation at hand.
Logical argument: This team depends on the logical outcome to come to end decision instead of
choosing to vote method.
Own Assessment: An effective team make sure that proper evaluation and assessment of
performance and work are done so that changes can be made for the further enhancement it also
improves the quality of work of a person.
Along with above mention characteristics there are few more that can help BBC in
enhancing the performance of the team.
Common goal: A team is required to work together and efficiently so that they can achieved
specified goal given to them. An effective team make sure that they are committed toward their
goal. They try to come up with the creative and innovative idea through which project can be
completed efficiently from the available resource. The great team instead of putting their idea
forward choose that idea that has the highest potential of success.
Participation: Management of firm need to put more emphasis on the team involvement. They
should encourage their employee in the process of decision making and problem solving. A
team is only effective if each member of team are involved in all the activity and important
process of given task ( Wheelan, 2014)
M3 Role of team development theory in dynamic cooperation.
Tucksman theory of team development is one of the most efficient theory that help firm
in understanding the various aspect of team building. It helps entity in building dynamic team
that work in cooperation and efficiently. BBC can adopt this model in their working so that they
can form an effective team.
Forming: This the first stage of development where each member try to find their place in the
team. The team work in the boundary of politeness, with basic information about project strength
and weakness. The motivation level of staff are highest at this level.
7

Storming: In this member start working as a team and acknowledging each other as a part of
team. In this major clashes occur because of the difference in the view. Many team get disbanded
in this stage it also affects the performance of an employee (Wood and et. al., 2016)
Norming: In this proper understanding between member are settles. The process is made on the
view of each member that determine how things will be done. In this team start working in
harmony to achieve their goals and objectives.
Performing: This is the last stage of team development where all focus turned on task so that
best result can be acquired and team relationship can be improved.
Illustration 2: Tucksman team development model
(Source: Team work theory 2017)
TASK 4
P4 (a) Concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour
The BBC firm is required to make necessary change so that behaviour of staff toward the
firm can be changed. Different organisational behaviour and theory will help firm in making
necessary changes that will help in the development of firm.
Path goal theory: This theory focuses on the behaviour and nature of leader. This theory
encourage leader to choose that behaviour that is best suited to situation and have the highest
potential of success. This theory encourages strong communication about the goal and objectives
and connection between leader and subordinate. This theory stated that leader is responsible for
8

the motivation of employee and directing them in right direction so that goal and objectives can
be achieved (Woodcock, 2017.) In this leader bucked up their subordinated by delegating the
power among them and giving them a chance to make necessary decision at the time of need.
This will not only boost the confidence of an employee but also have positive impact on the
working environment of BBC.
There are five type of organisational philosophies that BBC need to pay attention to it.
 Autocratic philosophy
 Custodial philosophy
 supportive philosophy
 Collegial philosophy System philosophy
Autocratic philosophy: This theory focuses on the power, strength and authority. This theory
used formal method top interact and control their employees. The major decision of firm are
taken by higher authority and there is no participation of employees at lower level. This type of
leadership is quite effective to train new employee who need direction for every activity. It also
makes the whole process of decision making fast (Alavosius, M., and et. al., 2016.)
Custodial: Custodial theory put more emphasis on the economic condition of firm. They provide
their employees with economic security such as reward, incentives, bonus etc. so that they can
feel motivated. It not only increase the motivation of employee but also enhance their work
involvement along with their loyalty and commitment toward the firm. BBC can adopt this
method in order to encourage their employee and can provide them with various benefits, it will
help them in resolving the issue like low pays.
Supportive philosophies: This theory believe in building strong relationship among staff and
businesses entity. The philosophy instead of using power and authority relies on improving their
relationship with workers so that they can perform better.
Collegial philosophy: This team lay emphasis on team work and team building. It concentrates
on aligning the concept and philosophy of firm with each employees and empowering them
making sure that each employee get chance to get involve in each activity of firm (Barrick,
Mount, and Li, 2013)
System philosophy: This theory focuses on balancing the goals of organisation with the goal of
an individual. According to this philosophy every employee is different to each other in
9

knowledge, talent, skills etc. firm to motivate their employee need to have proper balance
between the organisational goal and individual goal.
(b)Barriers to effective performance
Communication has been the biggest barrier in the effective team performance,
miscommunication lead to many problems which not only affect the work of an individual but
also of whole organisation. In order to overcome this BBC can put more emphasis on soft
communication skill so that interpersonal skill of firm can be enhanced (Goetsch and Davis,
2014) Other than this lack of support from management and power culture where employees
view were neglected also affect the performance of team.
M4 Influence of organisational philosophy on the behaviour of individual.
The philosophy mentioned above can have both positive and negative impact for e.g. the
autocratic style can lead to dissatisfaction of employee at lower level as their view and
perception does not hold any values. System philosophy can have positive impact on the working
of firm as it believes on maintaining the balance between firm and individual goal and also
recognize the calibre of each person (McShane and et.al., 2015).
D2 Relevance of team development theories in context of organisational behaviour.
Team development theories help BBC in the building of strong team that bring efficiency
in their working. With the help of team building theory the firm can take necessary step at the
time of team need so that proper management and efficiency in team can be maintained. Path
goal theory is also quite effective in the team development, a great leader can help in building
strong team with good relationship that are efficient in their working.
CONCLUSION
From above report it can be concluded that culture power and politics have major
influence on the behaviour of a person and its necessary of firm to ensure that no misuse of
power are done in firm. Motivational theory play important role in the satisfaction of an
employee that help them in bringing efficiency in their working. Effective team have particular
characteristics that make them quite effective and different from other team.
10

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alavosius, M., and et. al., 2016. A functional contextualist analysis of the behavior and
organizational practices relevant to climate change. The Wiley Handbook of Contextual
Behavioral Science. pp.513-530.
Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K. and Li, N., 2013. The theory of purposeful work behavior: The
role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics. Academy of Management Review.
38(1). pp.132-153.
Goetsch, D. L. and Davis, S. B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper
Saddle River, NJ: pearson.
Guastello, S. J., 2013. Chaos, catastrophe, and human affairs: Applications of nonlinear
dynamics to work, organizations, and social evolution. Psychology Press.
Hashim, J. and Wok, S., 2014. Predictors to employees with disabilities’ organisational
behaviour and involvement in employment. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An
International Journal. 33(2). pp.193 – 209.
Karriker, J. H., Madden, L. T. and Katell, L. A., 2017. Team Composition, Distributed
Leadership, and Performance: It’s Good to Share. Journal of Leadership &
Organizational Studies. pp.1548051817709006.
McShane, S., and et.al., 2015. Organisational Behaviour 5e; Emerging Knowledge. Global
Insights. McGraw-Hill Education Australia.
Miner, J. B., 2015. Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership.
Routledge.
Northouse, P. G., 2015. Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.
Vasu, M.L., Stewart, D.W. and Garson, G.D. eds., 2017. Organizational Behavior and Public
Management, Revised and Expanded. Routledge.
Weller, J., Boyd, M. and Cumin, D., 2014. Teams, tribes and patient safety: overcoming barriers
to effective teamwork in healthcare. Postgraduate medical journal. 90(1061). pp.149-
154.
Wheelan, S. A., 2014. Creating effective teams: A guide for members and leaders. Sage
Publications.
Wood, J. M. And et. al., 2016. Organizational behaviours: Core concepts and applications. John
Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
Woodcock, M., 2017. Team development manual. Routledge.
Online
11

Andrea Lynne. 2016. Equity theory. [Online]. Available through
<https://wikispaces.psu.edu/display/PSYCH484001SP17/Spring+2015+-+Equity+Theory>.
Teamwork theory, 2017. [Online] Available through :<
http://the-happy-manager.com/articles/teamwork-theory/>.
12