Public Health and Obesity: Strategies for Health Promotion

This project focuses on the health issues of obesity and the role of public health in preventing and managing it. It discusses the effectiveness of health promotion campaigns, the impact of public health policy on community nursing practice, and the role of nurse practitioners in promoting health and protecting adults at risk of obesity. The project also explores the health promotion model for obesity and compares local and national data on obesity rates.

Public Health

Table of Contents
Summary..........................................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................2
Identify health need among prior community and effectiveness of public health interventions
................................................................................................................................................2
The implications /impact of public health policy (obesity) on community nursing practice. 3
Roles of nurse practitioners to promote health and protect adults at risk of obesity..............4
Professional responsibilities according to the NMC code......................................................4
Health promotion model to be used for obesity.....................................................................5
Obesity in one local area in London should be compared to the National data.....................6
Conclusion and recommendations...................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................7

Summary
Public health refers to a science of securing as well as improving health condition of people and
their respective communities. It is necessary to make effective health promotion campaigns for
increasing knowledge level of people to take precaution in regular routine to remaining disease
free. It is observed that obesity is become a major issues among correct adult people due to
which other disease may develop like high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol etc.
However, the public is required to be maintained because it plays an important role for
improving economic strength of the country. It includes core disciplines of public health like
behavioural science/health education, biostatistics, environmental health, epidemiology and
health services administration. This project is based on the health issues of obesity in order to
prevent the same among adult people of the nation. It is required to make people aware of
various strategies and precautions to maintaining normal weight of body which facilitate to gain
better health condition. However, it includes the criterion of providing information to citizens for
avoiding spicy & oily food, junk food, sitting hours, sedentary behaviour, stress etc. which
should be avoided among them to maintain appropriate body weight as well as health condition.
It has been analysed that strategies of adopting physical activities more in daily routine which is
favourable to burn calories gained by food intake and maintaining correct weight of the body.
Meanwhile, it is necessary to make adult people to encourage them for get involved in sports and
other physical activities which is helpful to avoid obesity. The normal body weight is suitable to
avoid the risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol etc. which facilitate to achieve
better health status of the adult people.
Introduction
Obesity is a condition when a person has extra fat on their body which is beyond the condition of
being overweight. It includes different reasons behind occurrence of obesity including excess
sitting hours, sedentary behaviour, lack of using sports, limited physical activities, malnutrition
and many more (Sanchez-Vaznaugh and et. al., 2019). Meanwhile, it is observed that obese
condition is acquired by an individual due to having diet with high oily foods and junk food. It
involves the criterion to focus on intake balanced diet in order to maintain better health condition
by maintaining appropriate body weight. It is necessary for people to use physical activities
including physical work out, gym, swimming, sports etc. which facilitate to improve health
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condition. However, it is required for people to maintain effective diet chart along with schedule
of physical activities which will provide support to avoid gain of extra body fat for maintaining
better health condition (Alston and Okrent, 2017). In context of this project, it is based on the
topic of public health which is known as an important aspect to be focussed by government and
healthcare professionals for betterment of citizens health. It includes the criterion of identifying
major health problem which are required to be focussed to make people aware about the same. It
involves to provide appropriate knowledge about specific problem like obesity along with
informing people about effective strategies to avoid the obese condition. It is necessary to
provide information to citizens about specific habits like intake fast food, sedentary behaviour,
sitting hours etc. which should be avoided along with increasing physical activities on daily
routine. This assignment will focus on specific health need among particular community with
effectiveness of public health interventions. It will also include the roles of nurse community
practitioners for promoting health along with protecting adults form risk of obesity. The specific
and suitable health promotion model for selected health issues will explained below.
Main Body
Identify health need among prior community and effectiveness of public health interventions
Public health can be considered as an important aspect to determine a specific health problem
which becomes common among people. It includes the identify specific health problem to
formulate more effective as well as efficient health promotion campaign for increasing
awareness among citizens (Binks and Chin, 2017). In context of this project, the health problem
of obesity among adults according to specific strategies should be established for encouraging
them for improving health condition of them. It is necessary to first provide information about
obesity and its relevant causes for which effective precautions are required to be carried out for
maintaining better health condition. However, it has been evaluated that number of causes exist
behind obesity such as genetic, behavioural, metabolic and hormonal imbalances are responsible
for obese condition it is observed that people used to eat junk food, extra sitting behaviour,
remain in stress, limited physical activities develop condition of abnormalities in metabolism as
well as hormonal imbalance that create condition of obesity.
The strategies of maintaining public health
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 The government is required to focus on entire healthcare system of the country for
increasing its effectiveness to fulfil healthcare needs of every citizen (Davies, 2019).
 It includes the criterion of government to provide access to advanced and innovative
technologies to healthcare organisations for delivering better quality of care.
 It is necessary for healthcare professionals to carry out health promotion events regularly
by considering different health problems accordingly.
 It is required to provide information about effective precautions to improve their lifestyle
for enhancing the health condition of people (Park and Yu, 2019).
 It is important to provide information about using physical interventions like sports, yoga,
gym etc. for reducing risk of occurring obesity.
 It is necessary to encourage citizens for avoiding harmful habits such as chewing tobacco,
smoking, alcohol intake and drug abuse as they are responsible for developing
psychological disorders (Baker, 2017).
 It is required for nursing staff to consider several principles in health promotion including
broad & positive health concept, participation & involvement, action & action
competence, settings perspective and equity in health for gaining desired outcomes
respectively.
 It is effective to use social media platforms to display appropriate advertisements related
to health promotion among people for enhancing health status of citizens.
The implications /impact of public health policy (obesity) on community nursing practice
Public health policy related to obesity includes establishing effective health promotion campaign
for improving awareness among people to maintaining their normal health condition. It includes
the health policy of obesity impact positively on community nursing practice for enhancing
patient outcomes (Zylke and Bauchner, 2016). Basically, the community nurses can able to make
them understand about adoption of specific health policy in order to avoid obese condition along
with reducing the risk of occurring high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease etc. However, the
obesity policy is favourable to make people informed about benefits to maintain normal body
weight which facilitate to improve outcomes of community nursing practice. Moreover, it has
been analysed that it is suitable to encourage individuals to avoid junk food and other harmful
habits which are responsible for decreasing risk of other health problems. It includes the public
policy of obesity influence the mind sets of citizens due to which they will cooperate with
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community nurses that helps to again improved patient outcomes (Medvedyuk, Ali and Raphael,
2018). It is favourable for nursing staff to carrying out practices of health promotion successfully
by providing information about practice to maintain better health condition. Moreover, it is
helpful to increase effectiveness of community nurse practices for motivating people to adopt
healthy habits for avoiding problems of obesity.
Roles of nurse practitioners to promote health and protect adults at risk of obesity
The promotion of health is an important responsibility of nurses in order to reduce risk of
occurring obesity among adults. It includes the important role of care professionals for
formulation and organising more effective as well as efficient health promotion campaign for
improving health condition (Alston and Okrent, 2017. Basically, it includes the criterion of
providing information related to effective strategies among people to encourage healthy habits
which are favourable to improve better health condition. It is necessary for nurse to make adult
people aware of effective precautions such as avoid junk food, avoid sedentary behaviour,
increase the rate of physical activities etc. which will provide support for making people disease
free. Meanwhile, it involves the aspects of increasing the awareness among people in order to
improve the health condition of people. However, it has been analysed that role of nursing staff
includes the criterion of following evidence based practices and topic focused strategies for
enhancing the health status of an individual. It involves the criterion of making people inform
about ways of considering healthy habits in terms of enhancing health status of them. Moreover,
it will facilitate to secure adults form risk of obesity for improving their health condition.
In context of nurses, they have role of maintain respect and dignity of people while providing
information about precautions regarding proper maintenance of health condition. It includes the
duty of nursing staff to use person centred care and evidence based practices in order to deliver
better quality of care services for wellbeing of patients (Barcellos, Carvalho and Turley, 2018). It
is necessary for them to fulfil responsibility of following NMC codes which facilitates to reduce
drugs errors and other clinical mistakes which impact positively on patient outcomes. However,
it has been analysed that effective codes of practices and quality standards should be considered
by care professionals to deliver accurate facilities to make people wellbeing.
Professional responsibilities according to the NMC code
The nursing staff is required to formulate an effective health promotion program for facilitating
healthy habits among the people of the community for improving their better health status
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(Alston and Okrent, 2017). It is necessary for care professionals to follow all the ethical
principles and codes of conduct in order to provide appropriate medical services. Meanwhile, it
has been analysed that nursing staff should consider person centred care which will provide
support to improve health condition of an individual. In context of community nurse practice, the
NMC codes are required to be adopted for conducting effective clinical procedures and practices
for improving health condition of people (Siniscalchi, 2018). It includes the responsibility of
nursing staff to follow NMC codes which are mentioned here. Initially, it consist main four
aspects which must be considered such as prioritise people, practise effectively, preserve safety
and promote professionalism as well as trust. Secondly, it involves the criterion to treat people as
individuals and uphold their dignity as well as respect. Thirdly, it consist the way to listen to
people and respond to their preferences as well as concerns in proper manner. However, it
includes the criterion of ensuring the completion of physical, social and psychological needs of
patient. Moreover, it involves the aspect of acting in a best interests of people at all the times in
order to make patient feeling comfortable and relieved. It includes the criterion of paying respect
and right of privacy as well as confidentiality of an individual at the time of providing treatment
for them (Cunha, Lombardo, Primo and Franco, 2020). Additionally, it is necessary to improve
the health condition and improve the eating habits of people in community which facilitate to
avoid the occurrence of obesity.
Health promotion model to be used for obesity
Health promotion model is an important framework which is favourable to improve the condition
people by encouraging health habits among them. It is helpful for care professionals to formulate
more effective as well as efficient health promotion campaigns related to obesity which will
provide support to improve lifestyle of people that facilitate to enhance the health of people.
However, it includes the criterion of improving the eatable habits which is suitable for increasing
the respective outcomes of health promotion campaigns accordingly. In context of obesity, it has
been analysed that health belief model can be used which is beneficial for improving
effectiveness of programs which is helpful for increasing the respective outcomes (Brownell and
Walsh, 2017).
It is necessary to utilise health promotion model because it has focus on helping people to attain
high level of wellbeing in terms of increasing their standards of living as well as quality of lives.
Moreover, it is suitable for improving the potential for health promotion programs in order to
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improve the condition (Wadden and Bray, 2018). It is observed that different types of health
promotion models can be used to promote healthy lifestyle for eliminating problem of obesity. It
includes ecological model, health belief model, stages of change model, social cognitive theory
and theory of reasoned action or planned behaviour. It is favourable to use theory of reasoned
action to motivate people regarding adoption of healthy lifestyle by eating health foods and
physical work out to manage better health condition by avoiding obesity.
Obesity in one local area in London should be compared to the National data
In context of local area of London borough of Barnet, It is observed that adult population with
excess body weight is around 55.7 % in which 35.2 can be considered as overweight whereas
20.5 % are known to be with obese condition. In contrary to this, nation data related to obesity
includes 28. 7 % of adult people have health problem of obesity whereas 35.7 % are facing
overweight condition.
Conclusion and recommendations
From the above project, it has been concluded that health promotion is very important to be
organised on obesity which is helpful to increase healthy living among people. It includes the
roles of nursing staff to follow NMC codes and other important aspects while providing relevant
information for enhancing the health status of people. However, it has been recommended that
care professionals should provide health strategies information to common people by considering
base of most severe health issue for facilitating healthy habits and lifestyle. It is suggested for
nursing staff to use appropriate health promotion model to make campaigns for effective to gain
improved outcomes.
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References
Books and journals
Sanchez-Vaznaugh, E. and et. al., 2019, November. Impact of the California “Smart Snacks”
policy on obesity: Does it vary across schools in urban vs rural areas?. In APHA's 2019 Annual
Meeting and Expo (Nov. 2-Nov. 6). American Public Health Association.
Binks, M. and Chin, S.H., 2017. What are the challenges in developing effective health policies
for obesity?. International Journal of Obesity, 41(6), pp.849-852.
Davies, R., 2019. William Dietz: shaping science and policy on obesity. The Lancet, 393(10173),
p.737.
Baker, P., 2017. Fat nation: The rise and fall of obesity on the political agenda. Journal of the
Home Economics Institute of Australia, 24(1), p.36.
Medvedyuk, S., Ali, A. and Raphael, D., 2018. Ideology, obesity and the social determinants of
health: a critical analysis of the obesity and health relationship. Critical Public Health, 28(5),
pp.573-585.
Siniscalchi, L., 2018, November. Continuous NMC Secure Against Permutations and
Overwrites, with Applications to CCA Secure Commitments. In Theory of Cryptography: 16th
International Conference, TCC 2018, Panaji, India, November 11–14, 2018, Proceedings, Part
II (Vol. 11240, p. 225). Springer.
Cunha, R.P., Lombardo, T., Primo, E.N. and Franco, A.A., 2020. Artificial Intelligence
Investigation of NMC Cathode Manufacturing Parameters Interdependencies. Batteries &
Supercaps.
Alston, J.M. and Okrent, A.M., 2017. Other Food Policies as Obesity Policy. In The Effects of
Farm and Food Policy on Obesity in the United States (pp. 285-318). Palgrave Macmillan, New
York.
Alston, J.M. and Okrent, A.M., 2017. Fat Taxes and Thin Subsidies as Obesity Policy. In The
Effects of Farm and Food Policy on Obesity in the United States (pp. 237-283). Palgrave
Macmillan, New York.
Brownell, K.D. and Walsh, B.T. eds., 2017. Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive
handbook. Guilford Publications.
Wadden, T.A. and Bray, G.A. eds., 2018. Handbook of obesity treatment. Guilford Publications.
Alston, J.M. and Okrent, A.M., 2017. Agricultural R&D, Technology, and Obesity. In The
Effects of Farm and Food Policy on Obesity in the United States (pp. 203-235). Palgrave
Macmillan, New York.
Barcellos, S.H., Carvalho, L.S. and Turley, P., 2018. Education can reduce health differences
related to genetic risk of obesity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(42),
pp.E9765-E9772.
Zylke, J.W. and Bauchner, H., 2016. The unrelenting challenge of obesity. Jama, 315(21),
pp.2277-2278.
Park, H. and Yu, S., 2019. Policy review: Implication of tax on sugar-sweetened beverages for
reducing obesity and improving heart health. Health Policy and Technology, 8(1), pp.92-95.
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