Leadership & Management

This assignment content provides a collection of research articles, books, and online resources related to leadership and motivation. It covers various aspects such as finding one's way through information fog, human resource management in the hospitality industry, experimental evidence on public service motivation and job performance, change communication, and more. The sources include texts by renowned authors like Badke, Bell, Creswell, Jackson, Manzoor, Mowday, Pinder, Ryan, Tan, and many others.

Research Methodology
1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE AND INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................3
Introduction..................................................................................................................................3
EXPLAIN THE SIGNIFICANCE AND RATIONALE.................................................................4
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND FRAMEWORK.......................................................................5
Research Objectives.....................................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................6
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN.........................................................................10
Type of research.........................................................................................................................10
Research technique....................................................................................................................10
Data Collection Method.............................................................................................................11
Sampling Method.......................................................................................................................11
Accessibility Issues....................................................................................................................11
Data Analysis Plan.....................................................................................................................12
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS...................................................................................................12
OUTCOMES..................................................................................................................................12
TIMESCALE AND GANTT CHART..........................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
2

TITLE AND INTRODUCTION
Title: “To analyse the impact of motivation on work performance: A study on Sainsbury”.
Introduction
Motivation is referred as activity that has great impact on the work performance because
it has direct relation with employees belief and morale. In other aspect, it can be stated that in
order to have better motivation among members it is significant for businesses to have focus on
both internal and external aspects. Motivation also has influence on the desire and energy in
person to continue with the job. By having improved focus on motivation aspects the business
organisation can easily analyse the commitment of employee towards work (Ahmad, 2009). With
a consideration over motivation the morale of employee's can also be enhanced in order to meet
goals and objectives. It has been noticed that there are number of business entities that are
focused towards motivation as it plays a vital role in attaining diverse monetary and non-
monetary advantages. Along with this, effective consideration of employee's satisfaction is also
necessary because it also has direct impact on the morale (Allio, 2013). It means if satisfaction
level among members is improved then the motivation level will also be enhanced which is
advantageous for long term development.
Moreover, motivation is considered as a process that focuses on behavioural aspects and
allows to have efforts in order to impact key features. It is a group phenomenon which affects the
nature of an individual's behaviour. It is significant for businesses to design strategies as per
customer needs and employees commitment towards work so that issues can be overcomes. It
also provides long term development opportunities which is beneficial to attain sustainable
aspects (Brown, 2012). It has been noticed that there are few key approaches of motivation that
is being adopted by organisations. Classification of approaches can b e as physiological,
behavioural, cognitive and social. It is necessary for businesses to set out goals in such manner
that the level of motivation can be influenced in positive manner. Motivation is essential to
minimize the negative environmental aspects and improve performance (Grenway, 2008).
It has also been witnessed that the motivation is termed as one of the biggest factor that
helps in effective development of organisation by offering diverse benefits. Issues regarding low
productivity among members can also be overcome by considering motivation as a significant
aspect. It will also assist in advancement of employee's morale so that they can focus towards
3

work in more productive manner (Greasley and et.al., 2015). It is significant for businesses to
understand role of motivation aspects in the success of business.
Current research proposal is framed to have analysis of impact of motivation on work
performance. In order to have effective understanding about motivation and its impact the work
culture of Sainsbury will be considered as critical aspect. Present report will be focused towards
analysis of key factors that has great impact on the employee's behaviour. It will be considered
effectively because work performance of organisation has great relation with employee's morale
and behavioural aspects (Bellé, 2013). Saisnbury is one leading retail service provider that
operates its business from UK. In addition to this, it can be said that the Sainsbury is second
largest chain of supermarket and it provides wide range of products to target customers.
Company was mainly established in year 1869 by John James Sainsbury. It has also been
noticed that the organisation is offering products and services as per customer needs that allows
business firm to attain better opportunities in highly competitive market (Boella and Goss-
Turner, 2013). Moreover, management of Sainsbury is also focused towards improvement in
motivation so that employees' satisfaction can also be improved in appropriate manner. However,
the current investigation focuses on influence of motivation aspects on work culture of the
mentioned company. Further discussion will cover impact of diverse factors that affects the
satisfaction and behavioural aspects of workforce.
4

EXPLAIN THE SIGNIFICANCE AND RATIONALE
As per the detailed study, low ratio of motivation among members is one of critical issue
for the businesses so it is necessary for organizations to understand impact of motivation in
appropriate manner. In other aspect, it can be said that in order to overcome issues the
ensurement about motivation is essential because it may amend productivity. Diverse activities
need to be developed to have improvement in motivation factors so that productivity of
workforce can be improved (Manzoor, 2012). Key rational behind study is to overcome
limitations of historical studies and identify impact of motivation on organizational performance
in appropriate manner. Sainsbury is taken into account because company is focused towards
improvement in motivation of employees so that performance can be improved (Mowday, Porter
and Steers, 2013). Thus, this research assist in understanding the role of motivation in success of
businesses operating in hospitality industry. For providing better support to the study, literature
review is also considered as critical aspect and it will help in meeting objectives of investigation.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 Evaluate the concept and role of motivation in operational activities?
 What kind of factors influences employee’s behaviour?
 How motivation impacts employee performance and organisational success?
 How Sainsbury can enhance motivation level among employees in order to improve work
performance?
It is significant for researcher to have designing of investigation objectives as per
research questions because it helps in ensuring that the effectiveness of study is properly
maintained. One of key research problem is that how motivation affects the employee
performance and organisation success so it is considered as critical aspect in research questions.
Moreover, the factors that affect employee's behaviour and their morale also need to be evaluated
effectively so it is also one of research question.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND FRAMEWORK
Aim: “To analyse the impact of motivation on work performance: A study on Sainsbury”.
In addition to this, it can be said that the motive behind conduction of study is to analyse
the impact of motivation on work performance and organisational development. By having
5

consideration of motive of the study the factors that affects the morale of employees can be
evaluated. For better support to meet the purpose of study, Sainsbury work culture will be
referred in appropriate manner.
Research Objectives
Consideration of objectives is also significant because it provides a support to
accomplishment of aim of the study. Classification of the defined objectives is as follows:
 To evaluate the concept and role of motivation in operational activities.
 To identify factors that influences employee’s behaviour.
 To determine the impact of motivation on employee performance and organisational
success.
 To recommend the ways through which Sainsbury can enhance motivation level among
employees in order to improve work performance.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review is referred as most essential section of the study because it facilitates in
meeting key objectives. It provides an information of diverse factors that are related to the topic,
so that concepts can be understand effectively to meet designed objectives. In this, various
studies will be refereed by researcher that have conducted by the other authors and researchers. It
means the support of secondary sources will be considered effectively to attain outcomes.
Critical comparison among different historical researches will be provided in this section. Key
topics that will be covered in the literature review as classified as concept and role of motivation
in operational activities, factors that influences employee’s behaviour, impact of motivation on
employee performance and organisational success, ways to enhance motivation level among
employees in order to improve work performance.
Concept and role of motivation in operational activities
According to Ahmad (2009), motivation is considered as one of most significant aspect
that helps business firm to meet key goals and objectives. It has been noticed that the motivation
can be described as process that is accessed by companies to have proper use of diverse tools and
techniques in order to amend productivity (Ahmad, 2009). By having advancement in morale of
workforce the organisations can easily accomplish key goals and objectives. It is significant for
6

business firm to make sure that the motivation level is high among employee's. Allio (2013) has
argued that the improper reference of motivation may affect business growth in negative manner.
If organisation is focused towards motivation then organisational goals and objectives can be
meet in fast and effective manner. It has also been noticed that improper consideration of
motivation may also create dissatisfaction among employees (Brown, 2012). It might affect
overall performance of business in negative way. Retail sector is one of most sustainable sector
because it provides products and services that are significant for social development. Products
and services are developed in order to meet the needs of customers. Sector is also covering wide
range of market segment so it is necessary for employee's to have high motivation so that issues
can be overcome.
Brown (2012) has contended that the pay scale in retail sector is low that also creates
dissatisfaction among members so by having reference of motivation the businesses can enhance
morale of employee's. If level of motivation is low among members of retail firm then it might
affect overall work commitment which is not beneficial for organisation. Moreover, working
hours are also not flexible that also decreases the motivation among members and affect overall
performance in negative manner (Brown, 2012). It is also one of key reason that the issue of
employee turnover in retail sector is also increasing. By having improved focus on motivation
the businesses can improve morale of employee's and ensure about employee turnover. Grenway
(2008) has stated that by using diverse tools and methods of motivation, business organization in
this industry can develop a team of effective and efficient workforce. These kinds of
development are beneficial to meet goals and objectives in effective manner (Grenway, 2008).
Along with this, the improvement in performance will also allow to gain better competitive
advantage in highly competitive market.
Greasley and et.al., (2015) has asserted that the motivation plays a key role in success of
business organisations because it impacts directly on the commitment of workforce towards
activities. It is significant to gain ability which is essential for meeting goals in optimistic
manner. Motivation also influences the employee's perception so management of retail firm need
to ensure about it as per desired standards (Greasley and et.al., 2015). By having effective focus
on motivation business organisations can attain diverse benefits such as improvement in
performance, creating positive work culture, etc. Bellé (2013) has critically explained that if
business firm is not focused towards motivation among members then it might be possible that
7

the management influence power may also be cut down. By having effective focus on motivation
the employee's can be attracted to accept changes so that issues can be overcome. It will also lead
business to impressive level of success (Bellé, 2013).
Factors that influences employee’s behaviour
As per the view of Boella and Goss-Turner (2013), there are number of factors that has
great impact on the employee's behaviour. Classification of factors can be as personal belief,
leadership, work culture, etc. It is significant for management of retail firm to make sure about
these factors so that decisions can be taken into account in appropriate manner. In addition to
this, it can be said that the personal belief plays a significant role in employee behaviour (Boella
and Goss-Turner, 2013). For example, employee is believing that her age is not appropriate for
job role. In such conditions the morale of employee will get influenced and force him not to
effort in appropriate manner. It is necessary for business firm to make sure that the activities to
improve personal belief are being accessed to have improvement in motivation. Manzoor (2012)
has also stated that the employee behaviour is also influenced due to leadership style. It is
significant for business organisations to make sure that the appropriate leadership style is being
adopted so that satisfaction can be provided to employee's (Manzoor, 2012). For example,
management is focused towards autocratic leadership style in which employee's are not allowed
to take participation in decision making process. It might affect the morale of workforce in
negative manner which is not advantageous for work performance. It indicates that the selection
of leadership need to be consider in appropriate manner so that issues can be overcome.
Mowday, Porter and Steers, (2013) has contended that the work culture also plays a vital
role in employee's behaviour. If work culture is not positive then it might affect the morale of
employee's. For example, the members are looking to bring innovation in operational activities
but the management is not providing support to employee's. It might create negative work culture
which may also affect the workforce morale (Mowday, Porter and Steers, 2013). It indicates that
by having improved focus on positive work culture the business entity may enhance the morale
of employees which may affect their behavioural aspects in positive manner. Tan and Netessine,
(2014) has stated that the motivation is significant for businesses and it enhances employees
morale to have efforts in optimistic manner. If work conditions are not providing positivity to
workforce then it might affect overall work performance. It is because the employee's will feel
8

dissatisfied (Tan and Netessine, 2014). It is essential for administration of business firms to
assure that the workers' belief is motivated and it improves the work conditions.
Author has critically stated that the leadership must be selected as per needs of
employee's sop that morale of employee's can be prompt to meet goals and objectives in
appropriate manner. It is necessary for management to make sure that the trust factor is also
properly maintained among members so that work performance can be improved. If trust factor
is not proper then morale of employees will get influenced which might affect overall business.
Impact of motivation on employee performance and organisational success
As per the view of Grenway (2008), motivation has great impact on the employee
performance which also relates with the organisational success. If employees morale is not
appropriate then it might affect overall performance in negative manner. It necessary for
management to make sure that the proper facilities are being provided to employee's as per key
standards (Grenway, 2008). It will enhance the satisfaction level among members and motivate
workforce to accomplish task in appropriate manner. It also indicates that the changes in
motivation affects the employee performance. Pinder (2014) has asserted that there are number
of tools and techniques that can be adopted by businesses to enhance morale among employees.
In order to meet the employee's needs motivational theories can be adopted by businesses
(Pinder, 2014). It is beneficial to ensure that the satisfaction among workers is appropriate so that
they can feel motivated to meet goals and objectives.
For example, if employees are not satisfied with work conditions then it might be
possible that their motivation may also influenced in negative manner. It will force members to
not have efforts in accurate manner which might affect overall performance of organisation.
Another example, can be that the retail firm is focused towards change management to improve
performance but employee's does not feel motivated to accept the change. In such aspects the
employee's will not provide appropriate support to the change activities. It will impact overall
performance in negative way and may affect growth opportunities. Ryan (2012) has said that the
business organisations need to ensure that employees are feeling motivated so that performance
can be improved. By considering such aspects the entity may accomplish key goals and
objectives in appropriate manner. If workforce is not motivated to have efforts then it might
affect the overall outcome and creates issues for business firm (Ryan, 2012).
Ways to enhance motivation level among employees in order to improve work performance
9

According to Grenway (2008), there are number of ways that can be adopted by
management of retail firm to have advancement in motivation. It has been noticed that the
satisfaction must be improved among employee's to have better motivation so management need
to ensure that key standards of employee satisfaction are well maintained (Grenway, 2008). In
this respect, improvement in services provided to employee's need to be improved so that issues
can be overcome. It also enhances the morale of employee's and make sure that the goals and
objectives are effectively accomplished. Pinder (2014) has also stated that the competitive
environment need to be created so that morale of employee's can be improved. It will enhance
the morale to have efforts in more accurate manner so that overall performance can be advanced
(Pinder, 2014).
Ryan (2012) has also contended that the management need to focus on internal and
external factors effectively so that positive environment can be created. It will help in
advancement of motivation aspects so that performance can also be improved effectively. Along
with this, the challenging task can be allotted to workforce so that at the completion of such
activities' employee's morale can be advanced (Ryan, 2012.). Author has argued that the
management can also focus on quality of facilities, reward policy and recognition to have
advancement in motivation. It helps in motivation advancement so that issues can be overcome
lead business to impressive level of success. With an assistance of this, workplace problems can
also be overcome in desired manner.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN
Type of research
Current research will be referred as descriptive in nature; the reason behind selection of
descriptive research is that it renders a detailing of the subject. In addition to this, it can be said
that the descriptive research design will allow to have proper insight about motivation and its
impact on performance (Badke, 2012). Use of descriptive research methods will be provide
effective observation and explanation of work activities so that impact of motivation on
organisational performance can be evaluated effectively. By having effective selection of
research design the researcher can easily accomplish key objectives of study. It will also
facilitate in attaining better values of motivation which is beneficial for completion of the study
(Bell and Bryman, 2013).
10

Research technique
For effective accomplishment of key objectives the researcher need to ensure about
effective selection of research techniques. It has been noticed that there are number of research
techniques that can be adopted by investigator to have accomplishment of objectives.
Classification of techniques can be as qualitative and quantitative. Selection of research
techniques must be according to the purpose so that issues can be study can have proper outcome
(Burns, 2008). In respect to the current investigation the investigator will have effective
consideration of quantitative technique so that impact of motivation on work performance can be
evaluated effectively. It is significant for researcher to have improved focus on quantitative
aspect because it is most suitable for the study. As per the nature of study, the quantitative
methods can also be implemented in appropriate manner (Creswell, 2013). It will also assist in
effective analysis of key factors that affect employee's behaviour in diverse way.
Data Collection Method
According to detailed study of quantitative aspects, present in the study, it can be said
that the descriptive knowledge can be attained using quantitative techniques. In order to have
better data collection the researcher will have implementation of both primary and secondary
data gathering. In respect to primary data collection the investigator will have focus on
questionnaire method (Daniel and Sam, 2011). In this, open handed and close handed questions
will be designed to have effective accomplishment of primary data collection. On the other side,
in respect to the secondary data collection the researcher will consider diverse secondary sources.
For example, books, journals, online portals, newspapers, etc (Goddard and Melville, 2012). It is
necessary for researcher to make sure that the secondary sources accessed are providing
information about motivation.
Sampling Method
Selection of sampling is also significant to make sure that the primary data collection is
accomplished in appropriate manner. In this, random sampling method will be accessed to have
effective data collection (Jackson, 2008). Sample size will be 30 employee's of Sainsbury,
response will be collected from 30 employee's of Sainsbury in order to understand the impact of
motivation on organisational performance. Selection of limited sample is appropriate because it
assists in effective accomplishment of data collection and analysis (Badke, 2012). It will also
11

facilitate in gathering of information so that factors that influences employee’s behaviour can be
evaluated in desired manner.
Accessibility Issues
It is also significant for investigator to have improved focus on accessibility issues so that
research study can be accomplished in appropriate manner. If reliability and validity of
information is not properly maintained then it might affect the overall outcome. It is necessary to
make sure that the proper sources are being provided to statements so that reliability and validity
can be maintained in effective manner (Bell and Bryman, 2013). In this respect, the authentic
online sources will be accessed so that issues can be overcome in appropriate manner.
Data Analysis Plan
In order to attain better outcomes from the investigation, the researcher will consider
quantitative technique. In this respect the use of SPSS will be taken into account to make sure
that the goals and objectives is being accomplished effectively. It will also to provide analysis in
statistical form so that better understanding can be provided (Creswell, 2013). Moreover, the
correlation between variables will also be considered effectively so that impact of motivation on
work performance can be analysed in desired manner.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
It has been noticed that in order to have effective accomplishment of the research
objectives, it is significant for investigator to ensure that ethical practice is being considered
effectively. Researcher will focus on key ethical issues and standards so that practice can be
accomplished in desired form. With an improved focus on ethical issues the effectiveness of
study can also be improved because it provides ethical outcome (Burns, 2008). In this,
information about nature and purpose of study will be shared with all participants. Information
will not be accessed without prior permission of respondents in order to meet ethical standards.
Issue of plagiarism will also be referred effectively to ensure about ethical aspects.
OUTCOMES
From the current study, it is being expected that key aspects of motivation will be
understand in appropriate manner. With an assistance of study, current condition of motivation
within Sainsbury can also be evaluated which is beneficial to have effective designing of
12

strategies in the future. Along with this, the key factors that affects the morale of employee's can
also be determined. It means by considering such aspects in appropriate manner the business
entity may design strategies in such manner that motivation can be improved in appropriate
manner.
TIMESCALE AND GANTT CHART
Key Activities
1st
Wee
k
2nd &
3rd
Week
4th
Week
5th
Wee
k
6th
Week
7th
Week
8th &
9th
Week
10th
Week
11th
Week
12th
Week
Writing an
introduction
Drafting of
Literature review
Gathering of
secondary
information
Evaluation of
gathered
information
Research design
Research
methodology
Collection of
primary data
Investigation of
primary and
secondary
information
collected
Conclusions and
Recommendations
Completion of
remaining work
Revise and draft
Submission of
final report
As per detailed study, it is necessary for researcher to have effective consideration of
time line which is presented in Gantt Chart. It will assist in effective completion of objectives so
13

that better outcome can be presented. Initially the framing of objectives and rationale will be
referred in appropriate manner. After this, data collection from diverse sources and its evaluation
is also significant to meet objectives. Moreover, the conclusion and recommendation will also be
provided as per reference of outcomes attained in evaluation process.
14

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ahmad, K., 2009. Leadership and work motivation from the cross cultural perspective.
International Journal of Commerce and Management. 19(1). pp.72 – 84.
Allio, J. R., 2013. Leaders and leadership – many theories, but what advice is reliable. Strategy
& Leadership. 41 (1). pp.4 – 14.
Badke, W., 2012. Research Strategies: Finding Your Way through the Information Fog. 4th ed.
iUniverse.
Bell, E. and Bryman, A., 2013. Business research methods. Oxford University press.
Bellé, N., 2013. Experimental evidence on the relationship between public service motivation
and job performance. Public Administration Review. 73(1). pp. 143-153.
Boella, M. and Goss-Turner, S., 2013. Human resource management in the hospitality industry:
A guide to best practice. Routledge.
Brown, T., 2012. Change communication: the impact on satisfaction with alternative workplace
strategies. Journal of Facilities. 30(3/4). pp.135 – 151.
Burns, B. R., 2008. Introduction to Research Method. 4th ed., Pearson Education.
Creswell, J. W., 2013. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th ed. SAGE
Publications, Inc.
Daniel, S. P. and Sam, G. A., 2011. Research Methodology. Gyan Publishing House.
Goddard, W. and Melville, S., 2012. Research Methodology: An Introduction. Juta and
Company Ltd.
Greasley, K. and et.al., 2015. Employee perceptions of empowerment. Employee relations.
27(4). pp.354-368.
Grenway, B., 2008. The Relationship Between Employee Motivation and Job Satisfaction of
African-American Human Service Employees. ProQuest.
Grenway, B., 2008. The Relationship Between Employee Motivation and Job Satisfaction of
African-American Human Service Employees. ProQuest.
Jackson, L. S., 2008. Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach. 3rd ed.
Cengage Learning.
Manzoor, Q. A., 2012. Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness.
Business management and strategy. 3(1). pp. 1-12.
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W. and Steers, R. M., 2013. Employee—organization linkages: The
psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic Press.
Pinder, C. C., 2014. Work Motivation in Organizational Behavior. Psychology Press.
Ryan, R. M., 2012. The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation. Oxford University Press.
Tan, T. F. and Netessine, S., 2014. When does the devil make work? An empirical study of the
impact of workload on worker productivity. Management Science. 60(6). pp. 1574-1593.
Online
Importance of Motivation. 2013. [Online]. Available Through:
<http://www.managementstudyguide.com/importance_of_motivation.htm>. [Accessed on
12 August, 2016].
Motivation in theory. 2013. [Online]. Available Through: <http://www.vitae.ac.uk/policy-
practice/273431/Motivation-in-theory.html>. [Accessed on 12 August, 2016].
15

Root, N. G., 2014. How Managers With Different Leadership Styles Motivate Their Teams.
[Online]. Available Through: <http://smallbusiness.chron.com/managers-different-
leadership-styles-motivate-teams-10823.html>. [Accessed on 12 August, 2016].
16