Movement Analysis assignment

Analysis of the 12 movements

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MOVEMENT ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Movement capability is defined as one of the basic function and requirement of the body.
It is known as the motion of parts and includes abduction, extension, rotation, circumduction,
flexion and adduction. The report will analyse the process and details involved in following
movements.
MOVEMENT ANALYSIS
1. Sit down on a chair from standing position to standing up
When a person is sitting on chair and then stand up them support base transfer from chair
seat to feet. The sitting and standing actions includes synovial joints such as hip, knee and ankle.
Knee and ankle joints cause movement in only one plane. The hip joints allow rotational
movement along with planer movement.
When a person is standing and undergoes into movement of sitting on a chair mainly hips
and legs muscles are used (Jarmey and Sharkey, 2016). The primary muscles included in this
type of movement are hamstrings, glutes and quadriceps. Along with these muscles core,
abdominal and upper body muscles are used as supporting muscles. When a person sit down the
muscles are contracted eccentrically, means their contraction causes increase in their length. It
helps to control the body and to resist the gravity pull as person lowers body for the sitting
action. Contrary to this during the action of standing from the chair muscles are shortened due to
contraction or their action is concentric.
2. Walking stairs (Upstairs)
Upstairs walking is movement against gravity and numerous muscles are involved in the
movement. While waling upstairs ankles, knees and hips are engaged. The hip and leg muscles
lead to movement of joints including knee extension, hip and plantar flexion and ankle
dorsiflexion. In this movement muscles like hip flexors, gluteus medius, gluteus maximum,
hamstring, quadriceps and erector spinae are included. As person lift foot to next step hip flexion
is caused by hip flexors. Quads cause knee extension during leg straightening. Hamstring and
gastrocnemius flex knees while soleus and gastrocnemius helps in plantar flexion while pushing
up from step (Schmidt and et.al., 2018). During this movement muscles are lengthened and thus
eccentric muscles are used. The lower leg and thigh muscles acts as primary muscles while the
others acts as supporting muscles.
3. Washing hair starting at anatomical 0-position
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For washing hair three dimensional motion is captured with the bidirectional arm
abduction. In this movement mainly shoulder and arm joints are used. For executing the washing
action arm is elevated and rotated during the process. It includes the muscles such as glenoid,
humerus, scapula, deltoid, and spinatus which are shortened and thus concentric action is
followed. In this action the shoulder muscles such as rotator cuff and prime teres acts as prime
muscles and arm muscles supports the movement. For moving the arm above head in straight
position shoulder flexion is used. While at the same time for shoulder extension deltoid, dorsi
and teres muscles are used which is accompanied by shoulder joint like multiaxial and diarthrosis
joints are used for the movement.
4. Lifting pelvic while laying on back
The initial position for this movement is follows: On a flat surface lie on back and hands
are relaxed on abdomen. Legs are spaced hip width apart and foot are placed parallel to each
other and flat on ground. The knees are bend at right angle and before initiating pelvic left body
is relaxed (Norkin and White, 2016). The pelvic lift targets the abdominal muscles along with
glutes and hamstring muscles. This type of motion consist of rotary motion and is due to hip
joint. Thus, the pelvic lift is accomplished by prime muscles such as hamstring or glutes along
with the supporting muscles abdominal muscles which undergoes into concentric or shortening
action.
5. Standing at all 4 and crawl
Crawling movement is performed by balancing hands and knees. The backward and
forward movement is accomplished by pushing off with the help of knees. The crawling
movement needs the movement of scapulae joint along with the shoulder movement in a specific
pattern. At the same time upper body is supported against gravity by compression at the joints
involved. For the initiation of this movement dormant muscles of hips accommodates and
mobilise with the upper body. Crawling engage quad, glutes, calves, deep abdominal and
shoulder girdle muscles as well as muscles of feet and hips. The crawling action is accomplished
by front hip flexors, triceps and shoulder joints. The crawling action is concentric and is
performed by prime muscles like hip and shoulder. The abdominal muscles, calves and glutes
serve as supporting muscle.
6. Respiration- forceret, singing whistling and free diving
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In diving action maneuver is performed with both knees and waist straight and is based
upon rotational force (Kulić and et.al., 2016). The muscles involved in diving are gluteous,
patella, upper arm, shoulder and hamstring which works in concentric mode of action. The pivot
joint is the major joint used in the diving. Along with this hinge, plane, hip condyloid joints are
also involved in the action. Contrary to this movement in respiration forceret lungs are inflation
by contraction and expansion of diaphragm. In this function intercoastal muscles are used
primarily which works in alignment and support with the vertebra and costochondaral joints to
accomplish the movement.
7. Pick something up from the ground
In order to pick something from the ground concentric action of muscles is used. For this
purpose abdominal, spinal erector, forearms, quad, glutes and hamstring muscle is used. For
picking the objects from ground flexion or forward bending is required. The facet joints allows
such bending action in picking object. The thenar muscles of hand provide the flexibility and
gripping action so that individuals can pick the object. The example of this muscle group is
opponens pollicis which allow the pinching of small object between finger and thumb so that it
can be picked up. For gripping the object interosse is used as rotator and flexor at
metacarpophalangeal joint (Leigh and Maes, 2016,). The interphalangeal joints are also involved
through extension and flexion process. In this entire movement shoulder and chest muscles,
tirceps are primary muscles while the other muscles provide the support to the action.
8. Orientating at a street and then crossing the street
In this type of movement locaomation originates from leg work and stabilisation of core
during movement. Thus leg, knee and hips muscles are used as primary muscles which are
lengthened during the motion (eccentric muscular action). While crossing the street extension
and flexion is involved in ankle, knee, front part of foot and hip joint and. Along with this at
knee and hip joints rotation is also used while the hip joint also undergoes into adduction and
abduction. The muscles which are used for this movement are muscles of thigh or knee such as
medialis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis. The lower leg muscles like tibialis, gastrocnemius,
soleus and peroneals are also involved in the action. The quadriceps, hamstrings, buttock, calf,
stomach and pelvis stabilising muscles are used for completing this type of movement. The
pelvic and stomach muscles are known as the supporting muscles for this action.
9. Balance reactions while sitting
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The balance reactions while sitting is associated with ischial tuberositities which gives
major support and acts as primary muscle (Reese and Bandy, 2016). The anterior pelvic tilt and
spinal acts as supportiong muscles and provide support by inclined seat back along with the feet
touching ground supports the weight of the body in balancing the position. The sitting balance is
one of the important aspect which is controlled by trunk muscles. These muscles control the
stability and posture for the position and includes contraction of spinae erector muscle and
flexor. Thus, this type of movement is concentric in nature. During this movement lower
extremity muscles, hip flexors and ankle dorsiflexiors are also activated.
10. Sitting down and peel an orange
In this type of movement the starting position is called resting or sitting in upright
position. The weight of the body is supported by buttocks which are in contact with ground or
seat. The glutesu and hamstring forms buttocks plays significant role in sitting and are the
primary muscles used in this movement. The oblique and abs works with lower back while glutes
stabilises and balance the body so that sitting position can be maintained. In order to execute the
peeling functions the palmaris longus muscles and flexor muscles work togethor so that flexion
or the movement of wrist, fingers and arms can be accomplished (Zatsiorsky and Prilutsky,
2018). The tricep muscles is also involved in moving shoulder and elbow so that person can peel
the orange. The joints which are used in this type of movement are finger joint,
metacarpophalangeal and condyloid. In this movement flexor, arms and triceps acts as secondary
muscles which helps in concentric movement of the muscles.
11. “Driving a wheelchair”
This type of movement is divided into three phases namely pull, push and recovery. In
the accelerated starting trunk muscles based movement is accomplished. In driving a wheelchair
triceps, elbow extensors and biceps participates and acts as secondary muscles but the primary
role during accomplishment of this movement is played by pectoral muscles. The extension and
flexion movement by shoulder and arm joints helps to drive the wheelchair. For propeling
wheelchair in forward direction biceps and triceps along with the deltoid and pectoralis is used.
On the other hand for propelling wheelchair in backward direction trapezius and posterior deltoid
is used. The muscles involved during pulling movement are concentric in nature while those
involved in pushing and recovery action are eccentric in nature.
12. Laying on the back to get up and sit
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In the starting position the person is laying on the back, known as supine position. In this
position arms and shoulder are pulled in a downward direction (Reese and Bandy, 2016). The
hands are in fixed place under the buttocks. The movement is characterised by shoulder
abduction and extension, elbow, trunk and neck flexion, trunk extension and hip joint adduction.
In transition or movement from supine to sitting position hip and leg muscles like quadriceps,
glutes and hamstrings are used as primary muscles. Along with the primary muscles upper body,
abdominal and core muscles are used as supporting muscles. In the movement process abdominal
muscle holds the trunk weight against gravity pull or movement speed thus actions of muscles is
eccentric (Rajagopal and et.al., 2016).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it can be concluded that joints and muscles plays significant
role in accomplishing movements. Thus, there analysis helps individuals to understand the basic
phenomenon and anatomy responsible for the movement.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Jarmey, C. and Sharkey, J., 2016. The concise book of muscles. North Atlantic Books.
Kulić, D. and et.al., 2016. Anthropomorphic movement analysis and synthesis: a survey of
methods and applications. IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 32(4), pp.776-795.
Leigh, S.W. and Maes, P., 2016, May. Body integrated programmable joints interface.
In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems (pp. 6053-6057). ACM.
Norkin, C.C. and White, D.J., 2016. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA
Davis.
Rajagopal, A., and et.al., 2016. Full-body musculoskeletal model for muscle-driven simulation of
human gait. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 63(10), pp.2068-2079.
Reese, N.B. and Bandy, W.D., 2016. Joint range of motion and muscle length testing-E-book.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
Schmidt, R.A. and et.al., 2018. Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis. Human
kinetics.
Zatsiorsky, V.M. and Prilutsky, B.I., 2018. Biomechanics of skeletal muscles. Human Kinetics.
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