Exploring Decision-Making Processes: A Multi-Perspective Analysis

This assignment entails a comprehensive review of ten research papers focused on various aspects of decision-making processes. The studies span diverse fields, including strategic decision-making (Calabretta et al., 2017), health-related quality of life considerations in intensive care units (Haines et al., 2017), cultural challenges in shared decision-making (Hawley & Morris, 2017), and the impact of economic recession on tourism decisions (Papatheodorou & Pappas, 2017). Additionally, the assignment incorporates a historical perspective on how law and bioethics have transformed medical decision-making (Rothman, 2017). The goal is to analyze these studies collectively to derive insights into the multifaceted nature of decision-making processes across different disciplines.

ANALYTICAL
THINKING AND
DECISION MAKING

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
1. Description on significance of decision making and application analysis in this manner. 1
2. Proper identification in relation to decision problem of organisation and its various
objectives................................................................................................................................4
3. Description on multi rated attribute techniques SMART to identify decision problem
correctly..................................................................................................................................7
4. Description on strength and limitation of analysis in relation to you decision problem
arising within firm. ................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The decision making is crucial process which is to be taken by every organisation in
order to fulfil objectives. For taking effective decision a person should be able think of outcome
of future as well present. The decision making is integral part of firm. It is continuous process
and it is to be performed at every level of management (O'Doherty, Cockburn and Pauli, 2017).
Effective preparation of decision helps the firm to sustain their activities for longer period.
Employees those are learned quickly, think creative, gather information and able to solve
problem. In order to pay jobs require for critical thinking skills to generate effective ideas for
making important decisions. In this context, present report based on the individual coursework
which covers importance of decision making and application in the analysis. Furthermore, it
includes identification of decision problem which related to work and external organisation.
The decision making process is to be prepared in relation to activities of Aldi's. It is food retailer
company and operating business at large scale. In this manner organisation should take effective
decision so that firm can sustain in market for longer period (Brom and et.al., 2017). In this
assignment following activities are to be focused are as significance, identification of decision
problem, SMART tool and techniques and strength and limitation. With the help of this kind of
process company is able to make expert and effective decision so that firm can have large
amount of productivity and profitability.
MAIN BODY
1. Description on significance of decision making and application analysis in this manner.
In general term decision making process is defined as to decide about something very
important in relation performance of organisation (Calabretta, Gemser and Wijnberg, 2017). In
firm decision is to be taken at all level of management process, it is never ending function. It can
have both kind of effect on the performance of organisation, ether it leads to success or downfall.
It is totally depended on way of making decision.
Significance of decision making
The decision making very crucial element in order to bring profitability and productivity
to organisation. As per the view of Modecki, Zimmer‐Gembeck and Guerra, (2017) has stated
that the main aim behind making decision is to utilisation of available resources in manner to
achieve objectives or organisation. In this there are various kinds of equipments are as
manpower, supply, money, machines and system/methods. The firm should take effective steps
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in order to derive the success of entity. This is possible only with the help of expert decision
making.
The decision making very crucial element in order to bring profitability and productivity to
organisation. As per the view of Angus and et.al., (2017) has stated that the main aim behind
making decision is to utilisation of available resources in manner to achieve objectives or
organisation. In this there are various kinds of equipments are as manpower, supply, money,
machines and system/methods. The firm should take effective steps in order to derive the success
of entity. This is possible only with the help of expert decision making.
This function is very important in order to in order to maintain the sustainability of
company in market. The implementation and execution of decision process should be done in
impressive manner. In addition to this the evaluation process must be taken so that problem can
be identified at early stage and resolving of problem leads to achieve the organisational
objectives. According to Joseph-Williams and et.al., (2017) has said that every kind of decision
whether it small or big but the overall growth of organisation is totally depended on decision
making activity.
As per comment of Hawley and Morris, (2017) has stated that it is very helpful
techniques in order to enhancing planning skills, this thing should be decide that what is to be
done, how it is to be done or when it is to be done. The decision making is group activity, this is
to be framed with mutual concern of all capable person of organisation so that best decision can
be taken.
As per view of Anderson, Reynolds and Gugerty, (2017) has stated that in organisation
the rational kind of decision can be taken with the proper human judgement. It is important in
manner to bring efficiency in firm because its work as lowering the cost of operational process
with bringing effective performance in firm.
As per comment of Brom and et.al., (2017) has argued that an organisation is able to
bring competitive advantage with the help of building of effective decision.
In organisation whether it is small or big activity but decision has to be taken in order to
give initial to management process. It is a kind of never ending and continuous process.
Application of decision analysis
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in ALDI'S application analysis of decision making is important tool in order to define
success and growth of organisation (Calabretta, Gemser and Wijnberg, 2017). It can be
understood in following purpose are as-
1. This process can be use in wide range of application.
2. There are various conflicts associated with decision making, it is used in manner address
the part of problem.
3. With focusing only on part of obstacle the partial analytic thinking can be made.
4. With the help of making effective decision analysis the judgement can be given to
makers.
According to view of Papatheodorou and Pappas, (2017) has said that prescriptive discipline help
in manner designed, which assist people in term to make better and effective decision. With the
help on normative framework, set of tools and technique, optimize and analyse contrim help in
manner to frame hard kind of decision.
As per view of O'Doherty, Cockburn and Pauli, 2017 has said that this term is very useful
business administration with aim to take action in investment kind of decision. It is helpful in
analysing the values and uncertainty. It work in manner to develops structure frame worked so it
can support makers of decisions.
According to Jackson and et.al., (2017) has said that the main aim to executing analysis process
is that one can have better understanding about decision problem and effective solution can be
made in this manner. According to Hawley, S. and Morris, A.M., (2017) has stated that decision
analysis process is provided structured framework in relation to support decision making
process.
Decision analysis process
in this manner there are following process is to be taken in order to achieve objective of
business by performing management process. in this manner the following thing are to be
considered are as-
1. Make proper identification of decision situation.
2. Finding of alternatives.
3. Choose the best alternative among them.
4. Sensitivity analysis
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5. Have proper implementation of chosen alternative.
Benefits in relation to decision making analysis are as
1. This is effective process in relation to provide formal mechanism so with the help
integration the total result can be obtain.
2. It helpful in manner to achieve way to see appropriate course of action.
3. Creative decision can be made with the help of this kind of technique.
4. It provides guideline about what kind of information is required by company in order to
make proper decision (Hawley, S. and Morris, A.M., 2017.).
5. It can be said that decision analysis is very essential in manner to have better
understanding of critical situation and due to this effective decision can be taken
(Modecki, Zimmer‐Gembeck and Guerra, 2017).
2. Proper identification in relation to decision problem of organisation and its various objectives.
In organisation the decision making process is very crucial function. The managers have
to take various steps so that real problem can be identified. The manager of Aldi's are working
hard to know the root of problem due to which growth of firm is affected in large manner
(Papatheodorou and Pappas, 2017). If the cause of problem is inaccurately defined than every
decision can be have bad effect the profitability and productivity of firm. The effective solution
can be made if true problem is identified. With the help tabular representation the conflicts in
organisation can be known-
Conflict Underlying problem
In firm there are low profits and sales This is due to poor market research.
Heigh level of cost This happens because there are poorly
employees.
Low morale Due to ineffective communication between
management and their subordinated this kind
of situation occurs (O'Doherty, Cockburn and
Pauli, 2017).
High employee turnover Pay scale of wages are not so attractive.
The manager of the firm wants to solve the problem and taking imitative in order to provide
solution to their conflicts. If organisation is facing problem in relation to low profit and sale than
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it is happening due to poor market research. To overcome this problem the manager need to take
effective steps so that firm can work in smooth manner (Modecki, Zimmer‐Gembeck and
Guerra, 2017). Due to low sale eh productive activity of organisation also get hampered. In this
manner the market research should be done effectively. The manager of organisation need to
start their selling activity in target market so that firm can earn profit. If organisation is facing
problem in relation to bed involvement of worker in organisation. To overcome from this issue
manager need to provide effective training to employees so that they can work in impressive
manner (Beach and Lipshitz, 2017). The lack of knowledge in workers mat bring hazard
condition in the profit survival of business. The manager should keep their eyes on the
performance of employees during regular interval so they perform their activity in efficient way.
With the help of this kind of approach company is able to make expert and effective decision so
that firm can have large amount of productivity and profitability. It plays crucial role in relation
to determine success to organisation. The whole of firm activities are largely dependent on
performance of employees while they are making any decision.
If organisation is facing issue of low morale that means the working environment of firm is not
so impressive. The workforce should be supportive and well functioning so worker can perform
their activities in efficient manner. The barriers to communication bring downfall in working
structure of firm. The passing of information to each subordinate may bring effective
performance of employees (Calabretta, Gemser and Wijnberg, 2017). The lack of knowledge in
workers mat bring hazard condition in the profit survival of business. If organisation ins facing
problem in relation to employees retention and the working of organisation is largely affected
due to turnover of worker on daily basis. This kind of obstacle generally occurs when pay scale
of wages are not so attractive. Due to lower distribution of amount the worker of organisation is
getting demotivated. The organisation should provide good wages to their employees so that they
can perform their activities in well effective and coordinated manner. The manager should keep
their eyes on the performance of employees during regular interval so they perform their activity
in efficient way.
If organisation is facing issue of low morale that means the working environment of firm is not
so impressive (Joseph-Williams and et.al., 2017). The workforce should be supportive and well
functioning so worker can perform their activities in efficient manner. The barriers to
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communication bring downfall in working structure of firm. The passing of information to each
subordinate may bring effective performance of employees.
ALDI never came in competition with its competitors as the organisation did not have the
time for it. The major loop pole of the company is that is it not competing with the competitors
which will not only show them their actual position but also the give them the innovative ideas
as per the trend for improvement in the business. ALDI is still working on it business model for
more effective results. ALDI business model is developed so that to compete out of fights
between other supermarkets (Modecki, Zimmer‐Gembeck and Guerra, 2017). This steady benefit
is under construction on super productive system of distribution, advanced information systems,
mass customization of shops, strategy of the saturation holding the competition, and high
profitability of the main commodity lines that allows holding so low prices on food group. The
organisation is has opened their outlet as small shops in small cities which were considered by
the others as very unattractive. These sellers believed that only densely populated areas can bring
sufficient sales volumes (Joseph-Williams and et.al., 2017). So the organisation relied on the
markets which didn't interest potential competitors. Also, I didn't lose. Till 18th years constantly
growing ALDI network practically wasn't present at big cities. The manager personally surveyed
the district among small towns, flying on the air plane and, having seen suitable by the sizes and
an arrangement a piece of the earth, bought it for one more shop ALDI. But there are still many
loop poles which ALDI needs to overcome (Kinkeldey and et.al., 2017.). The organisation
should take out some time for it competitors to overcome the lacking areas.
Low prices every day :
The company needs to focus on the price as the concept of low price every day might be
interesting but customers also think that low price means low quality. In small town it can attract
the customers but it can hamper the quality and other services provided by the company which is
not good for the growth. The scheme can be beneficial to stay in competition but it will create
adverse impact on the ALDI's customer satisfaction. The organisation reduced its cost for all the
possible items including the wages of the employees (Joseph-Williams and et.al., 2017). This in
turn lead to loss of employees on a large scale. For the purpose of economy at corporate
conference of participants obliged to return after its termination the handles issued in the
beginning that they could use at the following conferences. More and more buyers were tempted
because of low prices in supermarkets of ALDI especially as the effect of pleasant surprise was
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supported with wide, regularly filled up assortment and high quality of servicing every day
(Jackson and et.al., 2017). The organisation made the compromise which the quality, brands,
products which lead in reduction of the customer. The company has loss of customer as well as
employees due to the low prices scheme and wages system in the business. The organisation
should work on the decision making strategies to overcome problem.
3. Description on multi rated attribute techniques SMART to identify decision problem correctly.
The SMART technique is very helpful in manner to identify problem in effective and
efficient manner (Hawley and Morris, 2017). In this manner the analysis can be undertaken in
following manner are as-
stage 1- To have proper identification of decision maker.
Stage 2- the issue which is arising in firm should be identified firstly.
Stage 3- the one best alternative must be given (Haines and et.al., 2017).
Stage 4- the proper preparation in relation to make identification in criteria.
Stage 5- The specific value should be given to each criteria.
Stage 6- the proper determination in relation to weight of each criteria is need to be known. The
ranking is need to be given out of 100. The major significance is given on the ratio which is
reflecting the importance of dimension. This is the continues process the each ratio is considered
as per justification given (Hawley and Morris, 2017). It is clearly explained that if there are
different individuals than their relative rating would be different.
Stage 7- the proper calculation should be made as per the weighted average of each alternative. It
is very helpful in assigning normalisation of relative importance.
Stage 8- the provisional decision should be framed effectively.
Stage 9- to perform sensitivity analysis in proper manner.
In SMART rating of alternative are very important function in which natural scale of area can
defined effectively. In SMART the different scale of criteria need to be have convertibility in
common internet scale (Hawley and Morris, 2017). In this function done in mathematically
manner. The most attractive, simplifies and easiest mode in term to identify value function
method is addictive model.
SMART ranks can be called as SMARTER-
To determine the rate of value function and swing weights can be termed as difficult task,
and makers of decision are not confident about it every time. In this manner the authors has
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decided to develop this term from SMART to SMARTER. With the help SMARTER tool and
techniques the decision maker place such criteria in importance order.
The authors also stated that the weight which are generated will be taken more precise than
weight defined by other decision makers who are more comfortable and confident with the term
in relation to simple ranking method (Calabretta, Gemser and Wijnberg, 2017). To make
corrective approach in this manner the following method are to be describe in following manner
these are as-
1. Rank order centroid
2. Rank sum weights
4. Description on strength and limitation of analysis in relation to you decision problem arising
within firm.
Decision Making is a collaborating process which need an open discussion to bring
different perspective upfront. It acts as a key element for success of any organisation. Keeping in
mind the above analysis its important for Aldi to maintain balance while making any decision.
As we have discussed before its is a collaborating process which require the participation
different member of organisation at different level as any decision made by have its impact on
each single person of organisation (Brom and et.al., 2017). Giving importance to the views of
other during the process help firm to come up with all possibilities which can be applicable for
required situation. (.....) said that a decision made by an individual have high chances of being
too narrow or misguided. If its not the case and company does not involve other in this decision,
it can have negative impact not only on organisation but also on its customer (Anderson,
Reynolds and Gugerty, 2017). Excluding a particular group or department can lead company to
loss its control over the employee. Further more it fills employee with negative thoughts and
make them question there worth in company. Like wise the inclusion of this people ca help
company to achieve good feedback (Beach and Lipshitz, 2017).
It can be known with the help of some strength and weakness are as-
In firm there are lots of problems which affects the growth and productivity of organisation. In
order to improve such factor fir need to take various efforts. If in organisation there is problem in
relation to cost and time factors than firm need to take various steps in relation to this.
Strength-
1. In firm the cost is the factor which determine success to organisation.
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2. With the effective cost and time firm can grow their activities in large manner.
3. It is crucial factors which work in manner to lead the organisation to success path.
4. The organisation need to take this factor into consideration so that all employees can
work in manner to coordinate with kind of issues ( Angus and et.al., 2017).
Weakness-
1. The major drawback is the market is rapidly growing the changes are coming in term to
technologies due to which company need to make investment so that they have to buy
new technical equipment.
2. The existing employees of firm are not having idea about using of upgraded technologies
in this manner they have to provide them effective training so they can work in weel
expert manner.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that The decision making is crucial process
which is to be taken by every organisation in order to fulfil objectives. For taking effective
decision a person should be able think of outcome of future as well present. The decision making
is integral part of firm. It is continuous process and it is to be performed at every level of
management. Decision Making is a collaborating process work in manner to bring all employees'
discussion as per different perspective upfront. It is a tool which determine in manner to define
success of any organisation. Keeping in mind the above analysis its important for Aldi to
maintain balance while making any decision. This project has focused on various activities are as
significant and application analysis, proper identification of problem, SMART tools and
techniques and strength and limitation in relation to this problem. The SMART technique is very
helpful in manner to identify problem in impressive and efficient manner. The main aim is to
giving the suitable ranking to effective decision which is made by various kind of decision
makers of organisation. This report is based on all true and fact figures.
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REFERENCES
Journal & Book
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farm household decision-making authority and evidence on intra-household accord in rural
Tanzania. World Development. 90. pp.169-183.
Angus, L and et.al., 2017. ESR1 mutations: Moving towards guiding treatment decision-making
in metastatic breast cancer patients. Cancer treatment reviews. 52. pp.33-40.
Beach, L.R. and Lipshitz, R., 2017. Why classical decision theory is an inappropriate standard
for evaluating and aiding most human decision making. Decision Making in Aviation, p.85.
Brom, L and et.al., 2017. Challenges in shared decision making in advanced cancer care: a
qualitative longitudinal observational and interview study. Health Expectations. 20(1). pp.69-84.
Calabretta, G., Gemser, G. and Wijnberg, N.M., 2017. The interplay between intuition and
rationality in strategic decision making: A paradox perspective. Organization Studies. 38(3-4).
pp.365-401.
Haines, K.J and et.al., 2017. The conceptualisation of health-related quality of life in decision-
making by intensive care physicians: A qualitative inquiry. Australian Critical Care. 30(3).
pp.152-159.
Hawley, S.T. and Morris, A.M., 2017. Cultural challenges to engaging patients in shared
decision making. Patient education and counseling. 100(1). pp.18-24.
Jackson, S.A and et.al., 2017. Individual differences in decision making depend on cognitive
abilities, monitoring and control. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 30(2), pp.209-223.
Joseph-Williams, N and et.al., 2017. Implementing shared decision making in the NHS: lessons
from the MAGIC programme. Bm.
Kinkeldey, C and et.al., 2017. Evaluating the effect of visually represented geodata uncertainty
on decision-making: systematic review, lessons learned, and recommendations. Cartography and
Geographic Information Science. 44(1). pp.1-21.
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Modecki, K.L., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M.J. and Guerra, N., 2017. Emotion regulation, coping, and
decision making: three linked skills for preventing externalizing problems in adolescence. Child
Development. 88(2). pp.417-426.
O'Doherty, J.P., Cockburn, J. and Pauli, W.M., 2017. Learning, reward, and decision
making. Annual review of psychology. 68. pp.73-100.
Papatheodorou, A. and Pappas, N., 2017. Economic recession, job vulnerability, and tourism
decision making: a qualitative comparative analysis. Journal of Travel Research. 56(5). pp.663-
677.
Rothman, D.J., 2017. Strangers at the bedside: A history of how law and bioethics transformed
medical decision making. Routledge.
Online
Importance of decision making , 2017. [Online] Available through: <http://kalyan-
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September 2016].
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