Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Ill-Health

This study explores the functions of human body cells during osmosis and diffusion, the structure and functions of different body systems, the cooperation of body systems to maintain health, normal and abnormal physiological measurements for individuals with ill health, risk assessment to decrease harm, and person-centered care plan to improve individual's ill health. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the interrelationship and collaboration of body systems and the role of risk assessment and patient-centered care in preventing and managing diseases.

Anatomy and
Physiology for Health
and Ill-Health

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Functions of a human body cell and roles during osmosis and diffusion..............................3
P2 Structure and functions of different body system in the healthy human body......................3
P3 Cooperation of body system to maintain health and life of an individual.............................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P4 Normal and abnormal physiological measurements for an individual with ill health...........6
P5 Risk assessment which decreases harm to the health of an individual with ill-health..........7
P6 Person centered care plan including interventions to improve individual's ill health...........7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
The scientific study of human mind as well as their functions which affect their behaviour
and body functioning is called physiology (Nakayoshi and et.al., 2015). This study is going to
show some roles of different types of tissues and cells in a human body during diffusion and
osmosis. It will also show individual functions of different body system like cardiovascular,
respiratory, urinary whose proper functioning makes an individual healthy and fit. It will further
also show coordination of different human body systems that works together closely to maintain
health and life of an individual. Their proper collaboration help an individual to live stress free
and perform their function in an effective manner. Lastly, it will show the importance of risk
assessment plan and patient centered care plan that includes some interventions for preventing
diabetic patient.
TASK 1
P1 Functions of a human body cell and roles during osmosis and diffusion
Covered in Poster...
P2 Structure and functions of different body system in the healthy human body
Covered in Poster...
P3 Cooperation of body system to maintain health and life of an individual
Covered in Poster...
TASK 2
P4 Normal and abnormal physiological measurements for an individual with ill health
In a case study of Jack, he was suffering from the problem and chronic disease Diabetes.
It is a group of metabolic disease that results from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action.
Physiological measurement is being used to know and access that how well is the body
performing and functioning. There are some normal range of a healthy person that shows the
extent to which he/she is healthy and perfect. Some normal range of physiological measurements
in the context of diabetes are:

Blood pressure: 90/60 Mm Hg to 120/80 mm Hg. Breathing rate is 12 to 18 breaths per
minute. And pulse rate should be 60-100 beats per minute (Karulf and Levine, 2016).
In the case of abnormal range of blood sugar patient or Jack was: above 100 mg/DL that
shows the need of preventing diabetes as it is the sign of pre diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is an
incurable disease and can cause long term damage as well as failure of several organs. These
range from autoimmune destruction of the β-cells of the pancreas with consequent insulin
deficiency to abnormalities that result in resistance to insulin action.
There are some signs that shows that patients may be suffered from diabetes. Some signs
that shows me that Jack is suffering from the blood sugar or diabetes such as: weight gain,
excessive hunger, irritability, blurred vision etc. For type 1 diabetes there are several
interventions and physiological measurements have been given that shows the improvement
level in Jack. This type of disease can nit be cured complete but can be prevented temporarily by
exercising and walk regularly at least 2 Kms, Quitting smoking, avoiding sugar. To Jack, I
suggested him exercise specially swimming because swimming is the best exercise that can
make a diabetic person healthy and fit. Walking, swimming and by avoiding dried fruits I tried to
cure him. After all these precautions, I saw some changes in him. Some normal psychological
measurements was swimming by which he also felt healthy and stress free. He got irritate on
small things which created several barriers and problems in his career and professional life. By
giving abnormal and additional measurement like family support, extra guidance, as an aspiring
health and social care practitioner I tried to make him healthy and fit (Mossman and et.al., 2015).
P5 Risk assessment which decreases harm to the health of an individual with ill-health
Diabetes is incurable disease which creates several other risks for the patient. Some
complications related to diabetes which I saw in Jack includes:
Vision problems, kidney disease and nerve problem.
Retinopathy: In this type of disease, blood vessels in retina become damaged which
affects the vision of an individual. Initially there were no symptom's has been seen in Jack but
when I suggested him to have a full eye check up then got to know about this problem.
Foot problems: Due to lack supply of both high and small blood vessels, it leads to
damage and problems to the structure of food like clawed toes etc. It also delays in healing in
any type of wound. There is a high risk of getting infected which may be lead to ulcers and cause
the problem of gangrene (Pearson-Stuttard and et.al., 2018).

Some risk assessment which have been given as an aspiring health and social care
practitioner to Jack includes: regular eye check up, blood glucose checks, protecting feet by
wearing comfortable and fully packed shoe, using moisturizer on dry areas etc.
For preventing skin problems it is also suggested them to wear gloves at the time of working
household chores, avoiding very hot shower, using lotion, cream etc.
Taking enough sleep: Taking enough sleep is also important for diabetic patient as they
become irritable due to this disease. When an individual take enough sleep then he/she feels
fresh and healthy. So, by taking enough and proper rest, Jack increased and improved his
immune system.
Exercise: Walking and swimming are two main important assessment that can decrease
harm to the health of a diabetic patient. Swimming is the best exercise that keeps healthy and fit
to the person and improve his immune system, He/she feels fresh and active and can perform
their functions in an effective manner. Mentally and physically, Jack was fit as he followed all
guidelines and swimming as a regular exercise (Choi, Ock and Chung, 016).
P6 Person centered care plan including interventions to improve individual's ill health
Person centered care plan refers a plan that can help a patient to prevent him from disease
from which he is suffering and facing problems. It is an effective approach that can help any
doctor and practitioner to cure their patient. There are some principles which need to be followed
in this approach such as: to treat people with dignity and respect. Providing coordinated care,
treatment as well as support and offer personalized care to patient.
Patient Problems Goals Required treatment Arrangements for
treatments
Nutrition To eat according to the
guidelines by giving
proper attention to the
quality of food and its
type. It can lead to the
risk of cardiovascular
disease which can be
Patient education as
per the plan as need to
understand the
importance of an
effective diet.
Accredited practising
dietitian.

prevented by an
effective dietary
review.
Excessive weight As per the disease and
symptoms the main
aim is to loss weight
5-10%. Weight loss
measure also need to
be considered
(American Geriatrics
Society Expert Panel
on Person‐Centered
Care and et.al., 2016).
Review and monitor 6
months as per the
action plan and avoid
fast foods.
Review APD when
required and specialist
referrals.
Eye complications To detect this problem
early for preventing
other problems.
Eye check up in every
4 months and retinal
photography.
Optometrist.
Kidney damage To avoid kidney
complications urine
albumin to creatinine
ratio.
Test for albuminuria in
a year.
GP.
Foot complication To provide patient
education on foot care.
Professional foot
check up in every 6
months. Management
of complications like
ulcer and gangrene etc.
Stratify the risk of the
intensity of monitoring
and review increases
according to the risk
level.
Referral to specialist
foot clinic if required.
In the case of multiple chronic disease that includes coronary artery disease requires to give a
special and emergency care. It is not only providing an effective treatment as per the disease but

also to provide extra care and affection in order to make feel them valued and respected. When a
patient is given extra care and affection then he/she feels that someone is there who care of them,
and he/she also tries to recover fast. It develops his/her willingness of living a pleasant life. So,
the main aim of giving and applying patient care approach is to make Jack feel respected by
becoming active responsive. A practitioner also requires to ensure that patient values guide and
all decision of health care practitioner for preventing them from other chronic diseases (Powers
and et.al., 2017).
CONCLUSION
From the above study it has been summarized that collaboration of all body systems like
respiratory, digestive, urinary played a vital role. All these body system individually played
several functions that helped an individual in making him/her healthy and fit. Different tissues
types also played different function and role that like some covers the body surface that
prevented human body from any type of damage etc. This study has also shown that the
interrelationship and collaboration of respiratory and circulatory system maintain health of an
individual and keep them healthy. Human body cell also played a vital role in osmosis and
diffusion. For curing and preventing a diabetic patient, risk assessment and patient centered plan
played a vital role. It minimized harm and risks occur due to diabetes and also improved
individual's ill health.

REFERENCES
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