Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Ill-Health

Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Ill-Health
P1 Functions of a human body cell and roles during osmosis and diffusion
A human body is made up of trillion of cells which provide a structure for
the body. There are mainly 4 types of cells that plays their individual
and different roles.
Epithelial: It refers to the sheets of cells that are tightly attached to one
another. All these types of cells cover outside surface of the human
body.
Connective: These types binds and joints different cells and organs of a
human body for working together with the main aim of protecting,
supporting and integrating all parts of the body.
Nervous: These types of cells are mainly used for communication as
giving signals to brain and sense organs. It allows the propagation of
electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulse.
Muscle: These types of cells responds to stimulation and contracting to
provide movement. Some types of these tissues are: cardiac muscle
and smooth muscle. These are being used for contractions.
The cell membrance allows only selected necessary molecules as in
diffusion as well as in osmosis, only certain molecules pass through
it. Diffusion helps passage of vital molecules like CO 2, Oxygen and
water. On the other hand, in osmosis, water is transported from a
solution of low to higher concentration. The cell membrance allows
the passage of important and specific molecules for several life
processes in human and living organism
P2 Structure and functions of different body system in the healthy human
body
CARDIO VESCULAR SYSTEM-
This system permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients,
oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones and blood cells to cells and from cells in
the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize
temperature and PH and maintain homoeostasis. This system consist of
heart, blood vessels, and blood.
Functions-
 Transport of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout
the body. This system removes metabolic wastes like (carbon
dioxide, nitrogenous wastes).
 Protection of body by white blood cells, antibodies, and
complement proteins that circulate in the blood and defend the
body against foreign microbes and toxins. Clotting mechanism
protect the body from blood loss after injuries.
 Regulation of body temperature, fluid pH, and water content of
cells.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM-
Respiratory system contains a series of organs that allows us to breath and exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen.
Functions-
 Inhalation and Exhalation are Pulmonary ventilation (Breathing)- Respiratory system aids in breathing. In pulmonary ventilation air is inhaled through
nose and mouth. Then it moves through the pharynx, larynx and the trachea into lungs. Then air is exhaled through the same way.
 External Respiration Exchange Gases between the lungs and the bloodstream- Inside the lungs, oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide waste, this
process is called External Respiration. This process takes place through hundreds of millions of microscopic sacs which are called alceoli.