Electrical and Electronic Control

This document provides study material on electrical and electronic control. It includes information on Arduino mega, MQ-2 smoke detector, DHT11 temperature sensor, magnetic sensor, water level sensor, SIM5320E module, and PIR motion sensor. The document covers their working principles, connections with Arduino mega, and programming codes.

Electrical and electronic control

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Table of Contents
Question 1) Arduino mega 2560............................................................................................................2
Question 2) MQ-2 smoke detector........................................................................................................2
Question 3) DHT11 Temperature sensor...............................................................................................3
Question 4) Magnetic sensor.................................................................................................................4
Question 5) Water level sensor.............................................................................................................5
Question 6) SIM5320E Module..............................................................................................................6
Question 7) PIR motion sensor..............................................................................................................7

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Question 1) Arduino mega 2560
The arduino mega 2560 is developed and implemented for projects which need
more input and output lines, more RAM and sketch memory. Such kind of aurduino
provides around 54 digital input and output pins and 16 analog input and output pins
that can be used for the robotics and 3D printer’s projects (Pham, 2014). The main
advantage of this system is that it maintains and the effectiveness and simplicity of the
arduino platform. Mainly, such kind of device is programmed with the help of Arduino
software and other electrical and electronics components connected with the arduino
mega 2560.
The digital input and output pins are connected with the device that provides
only digital signals and analog pins are connected with the device that provides analog
signals. First, connect the Arduino mega 2560 with the USB cable and it is called the USB
printer cable. This arduino automatically draw power signals from the external power
supply or USB cable. After connecting the USB cable a green LED bulb should turn on.
For connecting the ports consumers can use arduino 1.8.0 software and select the type
of board after that upload the coding program into the Arduino Mega 2560 device
(David, Chima, Ugochukwu, & Obinna, 2015). With the help of this device users can
easily control and monitor any electronic and electric device and it also helps for
designing the robotics related projects.
Question 2) MQ-2 smoke detector
The MQ-2 module is used for the detection of smoke and it is also called as the
gas sensor. Mainly, such kind of module is also used in the home and industry for the
detection of gas leakage. It is also suitable for evaluating and detecting the CO, Alcohol,
smoke, H2, LPG, and many more (Al-Haija, Al-Qadeeb, & Al-Lwaimi, 2013). There are

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many advantages of this sensor such as large sensitivity, fast time response and
measurement can be taken in less time. It is observed that the sensitivity of the sensor
can be controlled with the potentiometer. For connecting the MQ-2 sensor with the
Arduino Mega users required the Arduino mega device and white board. The Vcc value
is connected with the arudino 5 volt pin and ground port of sensor is connected with the
GND pin of arduino Mega.
The output pin of the sensor is interconnected with the analog A0 pin of the
arduino mega. After that users can design and develop the programming code by using
arduino software and upload the program in the arduino mega in order to run the MQ-2
smoke sensor. In the end, users can see the MQ-2 sensor is working properly and detect
the smoke or gas if you put this into the atmosphere (Chattoraj, 2015). If the output
voltage of arudino mega goes to high that means the MQ-2 sensor detected the smoke
and if the output voltage goes to very low that means there is no smoke in the
atmosphere.
Question 3) DHT11 Temperature sensor
DHT11 is defined as the temperature sensor that has the potential to sense and
detect the temperature. With the help of this module, users can easily detect the
temperature and it can be done with the help of the arduino mega module (Tianlong,
2010). Two design and implement a temperature sensor project users required major
four components which are the following:
 DRH11 temperature sensor

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 Arduino mega
 Connecting cables and wires
 DTH library
In this scheme the DTH11 is controlled and monitored with the help of arduino
mega device and VCC is connected with the 5 volt power supply. The ground port (GND)
of DTH11 sensor is connected with the ground port of the Arduino mega module and
the data pin of this sensor is interconnected with the 3rd digital pin of the Arduino mega.
With the help of this connection, users can easily understand the working principle of
the DTH11 temperature sensor (Dan-ao, & Fei, 2013). To involve the DTH library in the
arduino software select sketch and enter on the include library section. After that add
the library file from the stored data and write the algorithm to perform the DTH11
module for sensing the room temperature. It is observed that the temperature range of
this module is between 0 and 50 degree Celsius. The DTH11 is more efficient as
compared to the DTH22 module and the sampling rate of this temperature sensor is
around 1 Hz and it is small in the size.
Question 4) Magnetic sensor
It is also celled as the robust durability which is used to detect the closing of a lid
and precise the position measurement. Mainly, such kind of sensor is used in the field of
electric and electronic in order to detect and determine the magnetic fields. The
magnetic field surrounds an electric current and it is easily detectable with the help of
electrical charges. The magnetic sensor works on the principle of Hall Effect that states
that whenever a magnetic field is added in the perpendicular direction to the electric
current then a potential difference is occurred and induced (Madgwick, 2010). To make

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a configuration with the arduino mega there are few components required which are
the following:
 Magnetic sensor
 Ardunio Mega
 10k and 1k ohm resistor
 LED bulb
 Connecting wires
In which the GND terminal of the magnetic sensor is interconnected with the GND
port of arduino by using connecting wires. The Vcc terminal of this sensor is connected
with the 5 volt power supply in the arduino mega and the 10k ohm resistor is connected
with the GND port of the magnetic sensor and another terminal is connected with the
A1 port of arduino mega (O’Donovan, Kamnik, O’Keeffe, & Lyons, 2007). One terminal of
the 1k ohm is connected with the port A1 of the arduino module and another terminal is
interconnected or linked with the A0 port and 3 volt power supply in the arduino
module. After connecting all terminals users can upload the programming file in the
arduino mega and check the working concept of the magnetic sensor.
Question 5) Water level sensor
The water level sensor is used for sensing the level of water in a tank and it is used
in home and offices to control the flow of water. Mainly, such kind of module detects
and senses only the flow of water with a specific range. There are various kinds of water
level sensors used in the industries such as pressure transducers, float sensors,
ultrasonic sensors, and bubblers (Loizou, & Koutroulis, 2016). There are several
advantages of this sensor, for example, less maintenance cost, more efficient, fully

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submersible and durable design. Water level control is one of the best applications of
this sensor and it is controlled with the help of arduino mega. Mainly it is an analog
sensor which read only the analog signals from 0 to 1024. There are following
components used for connecting the water level sensor with the arduino mega:
 Arduino mega
 Bread board
 Water level sensor
In the circuit connection, the input volatage terminal VCC is connected with the 5V
supply in the arudino module. Moreover, the GND point of water level sensor is linked
with the GND port of arduino device and the analog pin A0 of arduino interconnected
with the water level sensor port. After that user required to evaluate the analog values
from the water level sensor for which upload the programming code in the arduino
software and click on the run of arduino button (Kawakami, et al., 2016). After that take
a cup of water and put the water level sensor in the water. From this project, it is
observed that the sensor resolution reduces as the water reaches the highest level and
in the end users can map analog values to print on the serial monitor the level of water
on millimetre.
Question 6) SIM5320E Module
SIM5320E is defined as the dual band WCDMA and GPRS module that supports
HSDPA up to 3 megabits per second for data transfer. This module has better extension
ability with rich interfaces devices such as SPU, PCM, and USB2.0 and it is more flexible
rather than other modules (Nugroho, & Suakanto, 2016). It provides around 0.25 watt
power supply and can be controlled by using AT commands. The maximum data
transfer of this module in the case of WCDMA is around 384 kilobits per second. With
the help of this device, consumers can easily send and receive a message or call from

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another person. To connect with the arduino mega there are main three components
required which are the following:
 Arduino mega
 SIM5320E module
 Connecting wires
Mainly the SIM5320E board requires the 5 volt power supply and 1A current and
there are major four terminals involves in thus module such as GND, VMCU, STXD and
SRXD. The GND port of this module is linked with the ground terminal of the arduino by
using connecting wires (Byamukama, et al., 2017). Moreover, the VMCU terminal of the
SIM5320E is connected with the 5 voltage power supply and STXD terminal is linked
with the digital terminal D1.
Another digital port D0 is connected with the SRXD port that receives signals
from users by using SIM5320E module. After that open IDE software in order to design
and implement the coding part and upload in the arduino mega. On the SIM5320E board
provide power supply through arduino and two red LED bulbs will turn on in the
SIM5320E module. The consumer should see the start button in the monitor and they
may found an error if they do not have a SIM card. Type AT in the box and hit send
button on the board that should respond OK. If a consumer sees the OK message on the
screen that means the SIM5320E board is working properly.

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Question 7) PIR motion sensor
This kind of sensor provides a platform to sense and detect the motion of human
and it is very small in the size. Mainly, PIR motion sensors are used in the home and
businesses applications and it is also called as passive infrared sensor. PIR sensors are
made with the help of a pyro electric sensor that has the ability to sense the levels of
infrared radiation (Yu, Yuan, Luo, Feng, & Lv, 2016). The configuration process of PIR
sensor with the arduino is very simple and it has mainly three terminals such as
positive terminal, negative terminal and output terminal. The positive terminal is
connected with the voltage power supply and the negative terminal is linked with the
ground terminal of the arduino mega.
The output pin is connected with the digital pin of arduino mega module and
users can use any digital pin but ensure that they make programming as per the
selected pin. After that upload the programming code in the arduino mega and check
the working process of PIR sensor (Ismail, Omar, & Suaibun, 2016).

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