Enabling technologies for fog computing in New Zealand

Enabling technologies for fog
computing in New Zealand
higher education IoT systems
Abstract
Context: Fog computing architecture is referred to the
architecture that is distributed over the geographical area. This
architectural arrangement mainly focuses on physical and
logical network elements, and software for the purpose of
implementing proper network. Fog computing architecture
allows the users to have a flexible communication and also
ensures that the storage services are maintained efficiently for
the purpose of managing the data. However it has been
observed that in the field of education fog computing
architecture has gained huge importance due to its real time
application feature. Objective: The main objective of the study
is developing a systematic literature review for the technology
of fog computing in the education IoT system. The paper will
also focus on evaluating the essential factors that has a crucial
role in the fields of education. The paper will focus on
determining the limitation and findings associated with the
selected topic. Methods: The researches have been carried out
after evaluating all the necessary articles for the purpose of
finding the key concept associated with the fog computing the
education field. Discussion: Fog computing is considered as
one of the most efficient application that has the potential to
improve the educational facilities offered towards the students.
This will offer a better scalability, security and tolerance
towards the educational infrastructure. Learned Lessons:
With the help of proper analysis and research it will become
easy to gain knowledge regarding the fog computing. The
latency will be decreased and this will eventually lead to
hampering the performance. It is very much important to
ensure that the designed IoT system is capable of providing
real time access. Conclusions: The fog computing in the fields
of education helps in improving the business functionalities.
Keywords: fog computing, edge computing, education
I. Introduction
Internet of things offers a wide range of services
with computational facilities. This helps in improving the
way storage capabilities are enhanced in different fields and
also helps in improving the business processes. IoT helps in
staying connected with the objects for the purpose of
sharing and exchanging the data. With the evolution of
technologies it has been observed that the control over the
different applications has reduced to great extent and thus
there is a need to manage the system flow. Cloud
computing has gained huge importance in the fields of
education (Aazam & Huh, 2015). The fog computing
concept was identified with the purpose of determining the
limitations associated that are faced with the use of cloud
computing. The use of fog computing helps in shifting the
capabilities of cloud towards the end user and offers a
better storage capability with enhanced computation
features. The main reason behind using fog computing is
that it offers better communication, enhances privacy,
offers better security and also increases the network
bandwidth so that it becomes easy to match the latency-
sensitive (Akrivopoulos et al.,2018). The concept of fog
computing helps in ensuring that the application designed
has the capacity to satisfy the needs of the education IoT
system.
It has been observed that the performance offered
with the education system and the way lessons are taught
towards the student may get hampered due to low latency
and this will eventually lead to hampering the data shared.
IoT helps in providing a better platform for the students so
that they can easily access the materials from the
communication channel (Parikh et al., 2019). Education
application tends to store huge data related to the students,
staffs and their associated document. Hence there is a need
to manage proper storage so that the data can be organized
properly (Abdel‐Basset et al., 2019). In the fields of
education there are several data stored and retrieved for
daily activities. Thus it becomes essential to integrate
properly the responses that are associated with the IoT
system. The fog computing infrastructure involves
connecting different fog nodes together for the purpose of
improving the scalability, elasticity and the redundancy
(Pecori, 2018). After analyzing the wide range of features
offered with the fog computing it can be stated that, with
the use of fog computing in the educational field it will
become easy to offer the facilities towards the students.
The main aim of the study is too develop a
systematic literature review on fog computing in the fields
of education so that it becomes easy to analyze the
architecture. The literature review will focus on identifying
the problems and challenges that are faced with the use of
IoT systems (Al Faruque & Vatanparvar, 2015). The
second objective of the paper is evaluating the performance
that is offered with the use of fog computing in education
IoT system. The paper is divided into different sections that
include discussing the methodology behind the research
paper, related paper discussion, discussing the role of fog
computing in the education application, identifying the
limitations, providing proper recommendations and last
focus will be on explaining the conclusion (Preden et al.,
2015). The paper will focus on evaluating the different
concepts that are related with managing the education
related data effectively with the use of proper fog
computing implementation.
II. Research methodology
Fog computing is considered as the most efficient
way of improving the efficiency and also ensures that the
amount of data needs to be transported are provided with a
better storage (Okafor et al., 2017). The major steps that are
associated with planning the process for fog computing
implementation in the fields of education application are as
follows: identifying the requirements that are essential for
managing the information related to education, defining
and investigate the gaps that lies in the researches,
improving the procedure for performing systematic
literature review on fog computing in the fields of
education system (Al-Khafajiy et al., 2017). The main

objective is to explore the importance of Fog computing in
Education IoT system. The information needed for
managing the computing process should have the potential
to ensure that the researches have been executed properly.
Research questions
Research questions Motivations
Question 1: what is the
current system of the
education system?
The main architecture of
the current education
system is to offer a better
support towards the system.
However it has been
observed that the education
system fails to maintain the
data effectively.
Question 2: what objectives
are fulfilled using fog
computing?
The key objectives that are
going to be fulfilled with
the use of proper fog
technology is that it will be
capable of managing the
huge amount of data that is
accessed within the
education system.
Question 3: Which methods
are used for enhancing the
performance of education
applications?
State of art is considered as
the best way of determining
the importance of fog
computing in the fields of
education system.
Inclusion and exclusion table:
Criteria Prenominal
Inclusion Using research
articles that are
linked with edge
computing, cloud
computing, IoT
AND fog
computing in the
fields of higher
education
Articles, survey
papers, and
scientific papers
that are associated
with fog
computing
Exclusion No use of books,
non-English
articles and other
topics related
articles
Excluding the use
of non-English
and non-related
articles
A. Study selection
In order to carry out the studies it becomes
essential to review proper study area that will be capable of
managing the data. Before reviewing any article it is
important to ensure that all the concepts related to fog
computing are being analyzed properly (Aldowah et al.,
2015). It is important to ensure that all the related articles
are executed form the list so that it becomes easy to explore
the new knowledge areas related to fog computing in the
education IoT system.
III. Fog computing in education IOT
systems
The main objective of this section is to ensure
that the fog computing has been discussed properly for
providing a better way of demonstrating the importance in
education IoT systems. The IoT systems are used for the
purpose of offering a better connected and collaborative
future towards the education sector (Bagheri & Movahed,
2016). IoT devices have the potential to provide the
students with better access and will also ensure that all the
materials are communicated successfully among the student
so that it becomes easy to provide real time experience
towards them. Governance is considered as the most
important method for the IoT education system. This
ensures that each activity is determined effectively within
the system so that the performance can be enhanced
properly (Banica, Burtescu & Enescu, 2017). Fog based
governance system is going to be developed for the purpose
of providing easy access and management of the data flow
within the education system. This will ensure that the
governance process is executed with low cost. In addition
to this for developing a successful governance system can
be developed with the use of smart gateways and efficient
IoT sensors (Rathna & Shanmugavalli, 2018). The sensors
will be responsible for determining the courses that are
offered towards the students and the key activities that are
performed within the education system. While storing and
managing the data within an education system it becomes
essential to ensure that the data are managed effectively
with proper security and privacy (Atlam et al., 2018). With
the use of fog based application it becomes easy to manage
the data that are accessed between the systems. The fog
oriented system was proposed between the cloud and the
end devices. This provides an intermediate layer.
Every system needs to ensure that proper privacy
and security are introduced within the network for
managing the access. The cloud access security broker
protocol is used for the purpose of organizing the security
between different layers of network (Arora & Kaushik,
2020). This offers a wide range of security policies for the
purpose of improving the features. CASB approach is used
with the help of a modular approach. This model supports
aggregating data from wide range of frameworks. Fog
computing system architecture was designed for the
purpose of managing the raw data associated with the
activities that takes place within the education sector (Basir
et al., 2019). The data identified as crucial are further
forwarded to cloud for better management. With the use of
smart education system it becomes easy to distribute the
data. With the help of advanced system it will become easy
to monitor the activities that are carried out within the
education system. The system will be able to provide better
ability to governance the activities that are carried out
within the system. The fog system has the potential to
remove the issues such as security and reliability factors
(Barik et al., 2017). The education can be offered towards
wide range of students. The three layers that are associated
with the education system include fog layer, cloud layer
and the IoT sensors.
Interactive learning will become easy with the
use of fog in IoT system. The textbooks will be linked with

the web based sites so that it becomes easy to offer better
learning materials towards the students (Amaxilatis et al.,
2017). The study material includes animated videos,
assessment, videos and other materials for enhancing the
learning process. The main aim of using fog computing in
the fields of education is that it will be able to provide
better protection towards the learning courses and other
facilities that are offered towards the students (Bonomi et
al., 2012). This will reduce the need of unwanted
explanation and teacher’s involvement. Fog computes is
being implemented with the aim of providing better way of
communication with the end users. This will offer
interoperability, preprocessing and heterogeneity within the
cloud. It has been observed that the fog computing has the
potential to offer better proximity towards the end users
(Neagu et al., 2018). In addition to this the use of fog
computing also offers decentralized computing so that
better support can be offered efficiently towards the
education system. The quality of services can be enhanced
with the use of fog computing. Thus it can be stated that
with the use of proper technologies it becomes easy to
manage the services. After analyzing the wide range of
benefits that are offered with the use of fog computing it
can be stated that the scalability, mobility, awareness and
reliability increases within the architectural layer (Ni et al.,
2018).
IV. Related works
A. Methods
The method part represents a brief description on
the particular method that developers and analysts need to
follow to successfully implement fog computing in New
Zealand education IoT system. Specific framework or
model discussed here is applicable to enable technologies
for fog computing in education IoT system (Amaxilatis et
al., 2017). The framework is considered as the leading
parameter for those were target of searches use shared fog
nodes, smart gateways in terms of fog nodes. Before
enabling useful technologies for fog computing specifically
in education IoT system the detail architecture of fog
computing should be implemented according to
requirement.
At first, the nodes that are shared within n fog
computing must be planned at the early stage of
development. In order to distribute the decision making
tasks through shared fog nodes and smart gateways the new
edge mesh computer paradigm is used. It is recognized that,
the personal gateways positioned in the student side server
like intermediate nodes (Akrivopoulos et al., 2018). For
processing student oriented data the intermediate node is
generally used. Secondly security of the server must be
maintained accurately by the development team associates.
In order to facilitate the resource sharing between
all the related fog nodes an effective algorithm has to be
applied. How the fog nodes will be connected to individual
education IoT system related applications, for gateways
need to set accurately (Cai et al., 2018). Two different
algorithms are proposed. The first one is to pick the best
applicable fog, whenever users are at the overlapping part.
The second algorithm proposed will help to resolve
situational difficulties (Naha et al., 2018).
In order to enable technologies for fog computing
in the education IoT system the most important part on
which the developers need to keep focus is the fog
architecture. The proposed one is a six layered architecture
comprises of physical or virtual layer, monitoring layer,
preprocessing layer, temporary data storage layer, security
layer and transport layer (Kumar et al., 2019). In order to
earn good academic records implementation of fog
computing in education IoT system is very essential. The
physical or virtual layer is comprises of virtual sensor
network, wireless sensor networks, physical sensors and
virtual sensors. The monitoring layer will conduct all
activities that help monitoring needful operations
(Borthakur et al. 2017).
The monitoring layer operation individually
monitors power supplies, resources, response of the
students and lecturer over education and other services
(Naranjo et al., 2016). The preprocessing layer suggested in
this fog architecture is applicable for data analysis, filtering
data, trimming and reconstruction. The temporary storage
layer of the architecture will distribute and replicate data.
For storage space virtualization the temporary storage layer
will be configured (Cai et al., 2018). Maintaining overall
security is also essential to keep confidential data related to
students and employees secured from external users.
Fog computing is defined as a decentralized
technical infrastructure used to compute, store and apply
data located in the cloud. The advantages of fog computing
is nowhere different from edge computing. For improving
education efficiency fog computing is recognized as to be
very essential (Neagu, 2018). In order to improve overall
security of education IoT system, fog computing is most
effective than any other. Fog computing and Internet of
Things are two widely connected technologies. The
applications where cloud computing is found as not enough
viable, fog computing is used. This specific distributed
approach helps to address the industrial IoT and IoT
requirements (Choudhari et al., 2018). The issues of extra
time consumptions and smart sensor operators get resolved
with implementation of fog computing in the education IoT
system.
It reduces the required bandwidth and also
reduces the back and forth communication present between
cloud and sensors that may negatively impact the
performance of the New Zealand IoT system (Mukherjee et
al., 2017). The net amounts of information sent in the cloud
get reduced in fog computing (Kim, 2019). It helps to
converse the network bandwidth to get better the entire
response timing (Chang, Srirama & Buyya, 2017). The data
confidentiality is maintained than the general cloud
computing technology. It supports the mobility and
minimizes internet latency and networks. However, in
some cases the application may face authorization and data
authentication issues. Apart from that privacy issues can
also occur (Mahmud et al., 2019). Security issues such as
spoofing, man in the middle issue also may occur in case of
fog computing.
Smart electronic education gateways are
integrated in this system to connect individual devices. In
order to preprocess alternatives and other data the

suggested E-Education system is very essential. The
personal gateways used here will act as intermediate nodes
(Basir et al., 2019). In order to give rich and understanding
experiences these days education industry IoT system in
New Zealand is facing major obstacles. Students and
teachers both are needed to have options to access modern
day technologies. Digital focused learning will improve the
teaching and learning process as a whole. In other words
for both trainers and trainees fog computing is essential
(Marquez et al., 2016).
Fig1: Fog computing architectural layer
B. System development
The efficiency of data storing and data accessing
becomes easier and quicker with enabling fog computing in
the education IoT system. These days most of the higher
institutions in New Zealand are implementing regular
office applications, online desktop, messaging services to
hold web level solutions for students and teachers much
specifically. According to (Parikh, Dave, Patel and Doshi,
(2019) the issues of traditional cloud computing and IoT
Technologies also get resolved with application of Fog
Computing because of its lower latency. The response time
in fog computing is lesser than any other immediate
technologies.
The fog computing technology is comprises of
three main work package in terms of method selection,
system development and review through survey. The
method is comprises of detail framework and model. On
the other hand, Zhang et al., (2018) stated that the system
development activity is comprises of architecture and
system that is implemented. Final framework holds shared
fog nodes and smart gateways. A data centered fog
platform needs to be developed at the initial stage of
implementation (Yousefpour et al., 2018). In order to
provide onsite technology that can scale up and down
according to college requirements fog computing enables
important micro data facilities. Even if it is found that the
university lags IT experts can also use fog computing
technology in their education IoT (Chang, Srirama &
Buyya, 2017). In order to build sub network, individual
smart objects are linked up to Fog Edge Nodes. For
building time to time communication fog computing has to
be implemented in education IoT system.
For processing huge dataset firework model is
designed, planned and developed by developers in
cooperative edge environment (Lu et al., 2017). In order to
improve the education IoT system in universities proper
data integrity and security among employees, teachers and
students has to be maintained accurately (Alrawais et al.,
2017). Cloud IoT platform performs horizontal roaming
and vertical offloading migration that are again organized
in three layers protocol. The proposed security scheme is an
end to end architecture. For transmitting both tactical and
non-tactical information this model is much effective and
essential as well (Lee et al., 2015).
Intelligent computations to the smaller and
autonomous units are successfully distributed followed by
this model and framework based application (Kumar et al.,
2019). The inabilities associates to the current education
IoT system got resolved with the implementation of fog
computing in the application (Song et al., 2017). In order to
collect huge set of real time data this particular predictive
model is developed considering cyber manufacturing. The
newly enabled fog computing system would be able to
support IoT education system. IoT system helps
universities to make the education approach much
accessible in geography, status as well as abilities (Liu et
al., 2018).
According to Liu et al. (2018) IoT technology
can be integrated successfully in the university
environment. For building a broader application in
education system IoT gives solid foundation. Immersion is
defined as one of the most powerful mechanisms used to
select and learn best suited foreign language. The secret
weapon for this application is real time feedback generation
(Elmroth et al., 2017). Infact teachers would also be able to
provide real time feedback to the students whenever
required. In order to check whether students have made all
accurate statement selection and usage IoT system stands
beneficial (Kiryakova et al., 2017).
Student’s progress monitoring and performance
analysis become easier and quicker than previous
traditional approach. It helps to connect classroom to form
up a digital presentation (Rauniyar et al., 2016). Special
education, physical education, school operation security,
classroom monitoring and personalized learning become
enabled with this system approach (Atlam, Walters &
Wills, 2018). However, in this paper not only the benefits
but also respective disadvantages associated to this
technology are also elaborated in this paper. The
performance of fog computing in education IoT system is
also evaluated in this paper.