Artificial Intelligence: Types, Impact on Society, and Recommendations

Running head: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Introduction to Informatics
Artificial Intelligence

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Executive Summary
The aim of this report is to define artificial intelligence (AI) and its nature. This report
identified different types of AI and evaluated ethical or moral relating to the technology.
Further, the positive and negative impact of AI on the society in analysed in the report by
evaluating related examples. This report provided that AI has a number of positive impacts
on society such as improvement in healthcare, farming, automation and cybersecurity.
However, there are many risks relating to AI as well such as malfunction of machines, AI
used as a weapon, AI war, and ethical and moral issues. Conclusively, AI is the future and
researchers will continue to improve its functionalities, and it will substantially change
people lives and processes. Following recommendation can assist in addressing the issues
relating to AI.
 Increase transparency in the research of AI
 Rigorous testing before final release of AI machines
 Constant monitoring for resolving AI’s malfunctions
 Strict government regulations on AI technology
 Ethical codes that promote strong accountability mechanisms and strong oversights
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Table of Contents
1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................3
1.1 Scope...........................................................................................................................3
1.2 Method.........................................................................................................................3
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI)..................................................................................................3
3. Nature of Intelligence.........................................................................................................4
4. Types of AI.........................................................................................................................4
The Reactive Machine............................................................................................................5
The Limited Memory Machine..............................................................................................5
The Theory of Mind Machine................................................................................................5
The Self-Awareness Machine................................................................................................5
5. How can AI Improve Society.............................................................................................6
6. How can AI Threaten Society.............................................................................................6
7. Conclusion and Recommendations.....................................................................................8
8. Bibliography.......................................................................................................................9
List of Tables and Figures
Table 1: Types of AI..................................................................................................................4
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
1. Introduction
Researchers have always been fascinated by the thought of creating a machine that could
mimic human thoughts and do things just like a human which resulted in the creation of
artificial intelligence.
1.1 Scope
The scope of this report is to understand what Artificial Intelligence is and its impact on the
society.
1.2 Method
This report will define artificial intelligence and explain its nature. This report will analyse
different types of artificial intelligence and evaluate its positive and negative impact on
society by evaluating how it has improved and threatened the society. Further, a conclusion
will be drawn after analysing different literatures on the topic and recommendations will be
given for effective use of artificial intelligence.
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
According to Russell and Norvig (2016), the artificial intelligence or AI is referred to the
theory and development of computer programs which can perform actions or tasks which
require human intelligence such as speech recognition, translation between languages, visual
perception and decision making. AI is a branch of computer science, and it focuses on
creating intelligent machines. The research associated with AI is highly specialised and
technical. One of the critical parts of AI is knowledge engineering which provides that
machines can act like humans if they have abundant information regarding the world.
Machine learning is a core part of AI, and it enables AI devices and robots to learn without
any human supervision and learn and identify new patterns. Although the concept of artificial
intelligence is generations old, however, the term was first coined by John McCarthy in 1956
(Pannu, 2015). Since then the AI has evolved substantially, and a number of AI devices and
robots has introduced by companies in the market. In 2016, Google’s DeepMind’s AlphaGo
AI defeated Go champion Lee Sedol (Moyer, 2016). In 2017, Saudi Arabia gives citizenship
to world’s first AI robot named Sophia (Hatmaker, 2017). There are major milestones in AI
history, and these examples show that AI technology is growing rapidly along with its impact
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