Immunisation and Health Beliefs: Assessment Template

Assessment 1
Instructions:
 Please read the background information below. When you have read the background
information, you can proceed to the questions on the Assessment Template. These
questions relate to the background information.
 You will need to apply the knowledge that you have gained from Topics 1-4 to complete
these questions.
 The marks allocated to each question are stated next to the question.
 The word count is stated next to each question. Note that when the word count says
‘equivalent’ it means that you do not need to have that exact number of words to answer
the question – just provide as much detail as required to answer the question.
 You are advised to frequently refer to the Assessment Feedback Sheet to guide you on
what characteristics of a reponse constitute an F2, F1, P2, P1, C, D, and HD grade.
 As with all academic work, if you refer to the work of others to support your responses,
you must reference this information using the UniSA Harvard Reference System. You do
not need to reference the articles listed in the Tables in Question 5 but if any other
sources are used, these should be referenced.
Background: Immunisation – Health beliefs
*Nursing students: You are working as a registered nurse in a GP Practice and one of your
roles is to promote immunisation for children (this may be the MMR or other recommended
immunisations). You have had a few parents refuse vaccinations for their children and this
concerns you as you believe that this may leave the child and communities vulnerable to
outbreaks of serious diseases.
*Midwifery students: You are working as a midwife in an antenatal clinic. One of your roles
is to promote vaccination against pertussis(whooping cough) for pregnant women. You have
had a few pregnant women decline vaccination. This concerns you as you know that if the
pregnant woman is immune to pertussis that passive immunity is passed to her unborn baby
to protect them against pertussis when they are newborn until thery are able to be immunised
themselves
You do not think that parents/pregnant women would deliberately expose their
children/baby/themselves to the risk of serious disease unless they were guided by a belief
that immunisation was not safe. You are vaguely aware via media reports that there is an
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anti-vaccine movement, and you want a quick overview of what it is all about. As most of us
would do, you consult Google, and you find the following information. Read the information
video below:
The History of Vaccines: History of the anti-vaccination movement
The College of Physicians of Philadelphia (2017)
<https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/history-anti-
vaccination-movements>
You could now choose one (or all) of the following actions:
 Conclude that parents/pregnant women are entitled to make decisions about their
child’s/baby’s/own healthcare, even if it is against public health policy.
 You could question your own belief system – after all, you are basing your practice on
government guidelines and you trust that the government will make decisions about
health care that are evidence-based, informed by experts in the field, and in the best
interests of Australians. You haven’t checked the literature for evidence of
immunisation safety yourself.
 You could investigate whether there is any evidence of harm caused by immunisation,
and to identify information that may influence parent’s/pregnant woman’s beliefs or
fears about immunisation.
Naturally, you are a great nurse/midwife with an inquiring mind. You want to be certain that
there is good evidence that demonstrates that immunisations are safe for children and
pregnant women. You want to understand what information has led parents/pregnant women
to be concerned about immunisation. Finally, you want to be able to have an informed
discussion with the parents/pregnant women about their concerns based on current evidence
to enable them make the right decision for their children/babies and themselves.
*Please do not include this page of background information when you submit the
assessment template to learnonline.
Assessment 1 Template
*Equivalent means that your responses may not equate exactly to the number of words that
you have written. As the format for this assessment is a template an approximate word count
is given that reflects the work required to complete the template. Suggested word counts may
be given in the template to guide you in how much detail is required in your response. The
template word count is not included in your word count. The template itself (without the
background) equates to approximately 900 words. You will note an elevated similarity
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percentage when this is submitted via TurnItIn because of the template. Your lecturers/tutors
are aware of this.
Questions 1-4 (25 marks – 500 word equivalent)
Question 1a. From the background information provided above relating to immunisation,
develop a researchable question. Type the question below:
Factors affecting vaccination decision making in different population groups in Australia
Question 1b: Identify the elements of (words relating to) PICO (or PIO, if appropriate) in the
research question that you have formulated:
P vaccination decision making
I Different population groups
C
O Auatralia
Question 2a. What type of research methodology do you think should be used to answer the
research question that you have formulated?
☐Quantitative
☒Qualitative
☐Mixed methods
Question 2b. Justify why this methodology was chosen to answer the question (Approx 75
words - reference/s used to support your response should be written below your answer and
are not included in the word count).
Qualitative research is naturalistic inquiry seeking an in-depth understanding of social
phenomena in natural settings. The focus of such studies is on the why, rather than the
what of the social phenomena being studies. Thus the focus of this study will be to look for
studies that have been done in the past especially systematic reviews that have gathered
data from previous studies to develop a conclusion of the state of research on the topic
(Hamid, Ghaleb, Aljadhey, & Aslanpour 2014, p. 5).
Question 3a. List 3 places/sources of information that can be used to obtain reliable evidence
to answer the research question that you have formulated:
1. PubMed
2. EMBASE
3. CINAHL Plus
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Question 3b. Using one of the resources listed above,provide the details of a specific
resource/publication that is an example of best available evidence to assist you in answering
your research question. Complete the table below:
Provide the full
reference/title for the
resource/publication
Forbes, T. A., McMinn, A., Crawford, N., Leask, J., &
Danchin, M., 2015. Vaccination uptake by vaccine-
hesitant parents attending a specialist immunization clinic
in Australia. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics,
11(12), 2895–2903. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1070997
Provide the URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5054782/
Question 3c. Explain why the information source chosen is an example of best available
evidence for answering the research question that you have formulated. Refer to the Levels of
Evidence and Hierarchy of Evidence tables in Topic 2 (Approx 75 words - reference/s used to
support your response should be written below your answer and are not included in the word
count).
PMC is a leading database with over 29 million citations for biomedical literature ranging
from MEDLINE, online books and science journals. The citations for articles that are
found on this database vary from website to website and may be from PubMed Central and
publisher websites. The resource is wide and the databases that publish here are organized
in biomedical topics to assist in research and easy finding of the required resource. This
means that when searching the database, keywords have to be used to narrow down and
refine the search to get the required results.
Question 4a: List three key words that will assist in finding suitable literature in a library
database to answer the research question that you have formulated. For each of the search
terms, suggest an alternate word for which the Boolean function “or” could be used and
truncations and wildcards.
Keyword Search term/s
for Boolean ‘or”
Truncation/s Wildcards
1 vaccination decision
making
Vaccination and
decision making
Vaccination* Vaccine bar???
2 vaccine hesitancy in
Australia
Vaccine and
hesitancy
Vaccination
hesitancy*
Vaccine heist???
3 vaccine beliefs in
Australia
Vaccination and
beliefs
Vaccination beliefs Vaccine beliefs
Question 4b: What actions could be taken to extend or limit the number of articles
found or improve the quality/relevance of the articles found in the search? (Approx 75
words - reference/s used to support your response should be written below your answer and
are not included in the word count).
T search for resources, it depends on the type of website being used. Some websites allow
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