Binge Watching Habits and Preferences

This assignment investigates the phenomenon of binge watching and compares it to traditional appointment television. It aims to understand viewer preferences, motivations for choosing either method, and potential impacts on entertainment consumption habits. The assignment includes demographic questions and explores factors influencing choices such as relaxation, entertainment value, and learning opportunities.

Running head: BINGE WATCHING
Binge Watching
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1BINGE WATCHING
Abstract
The viewers of the modern television enjoy lot of extraordinary number of controls and choices,
which has resulted directly in the use of widespread technology and the services that are newly
available in the market. The cultivation of the landscape that is present with respect to new
television has helped in the rise of the phenomenon known as binge watching, which has resulted
in a popular conversation on the academic basis.; this study of research process has helped in
understanding the different perspective that is present in binge watching and the effect that it
creates on the viewers. Specifically, it is the study of the reception of the viewers towards the
shows that are shown on the television. The perspective of the uses and gratifications has helped
in the study, as it has been conducted with the help of 50 viewers, which has provided the
researcher a better response for the data. The viewers were asked the questions before and after
binge watching so that their responses could be collected in a mixed manner. This has helped the
study to be conducted in a proper manner.

2BINGE WATCHING
Acknowledgement
I would also like to take this opportunity to thank my professor without whose, constant support
and guidance, the research would not have been possible.
Firstly, I would like to thank God the Almighty in giving me the strength and courage without
which I could not have completed the entire study. Secondly, I would like to thank my family
and relatives who gave me constant support mentally and physically so that I can complete the
study on time. Lastly, I would like to give thanks to my peers and the friends who have helped
me in providing the appropriate information throughout the project and helped me in doing the
in-depth analysis of the research. Without their proper guidance, it is impossible for me to
complete the project.
Thanks and Regards,
Yours Sincerely,

3BINGE WATCHING
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................6
1.1 Background of the study........................................................................................................6
1.2 Research purpose...................................................................................................................8
1.3 Aims of the research..............................................................................................................8
1.4 Research objectives................................................................................................................9
1.5 Research questions.................................................................................................................9
1.6 Research Hypothesis..............................................................................................................9
Chapter 2: Literature Review.........................................................................................................10
2.1 Current television landscape................................................................................................10
2.2 Appointment television........................................................................................................11
2.3 Changing Viewing Habit:....................................................................................................13
2.4 Binge Television:.................................................................................................................17
2.5 Early Methods of Binge Watching:.....................................................................................18
Chapter 3: Research Methodology................................................................................................20
3.0 Introduction..........................................................................................................................20
3.1 Research Outline..................................................................................................................20
3.2 Research Onion....................................................................................................................21
3.3 Research Philosophy............................................................................................................21
3.3.1 Justification of selecting positivism philosophy...............................................................22

4BINGE WATCHING
3.4 Research Approach..............................................................................................................22
3.4.1 Justification of selecting deductive approach...................................................................23
3.5 Research Design..................................................................................................................23
3.5.1 Justification of selecting descriptive design.....................................................................23
3.6 Research Strategy................................................................................................................24
3.6.1 Justification of selecting survey research strategy............................................................24
3.7 Sampling Technique and Sampling Size.............................................................................24
3.7.1 Justification of selecting probability-sampling technique................................................25
3.8 Data Collection Technique..................................................................................................25
3.8.1 Justification of selecting primary data collection technique.............................................25
3.9 Data Analysis Technique.....................................................................................................26
3.9.1 Justification of selecting SPSS.........................................................................................26
3.10 Ethical Considerations.......................................................................................................26
3.11 Conclusion.........................................................................................................................26
Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis..................................................................................................27
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations..............................................................................45
5.1: Conclusion..........................................................................................................................45
5.2: Linking with the objectives................................................................................................45
5.3 Limitations for the research.................................................................................................47
5.4 Scope for future research.....................................................................................................47

5BINGE WATCHING
Reference List................................................................................................................................49
Appendix........................................................................................................................................52

6BINGE WATCHING
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
The viewers try to watch a single episode of the television series, which attracts them for
the whole season being aired on the same network channel. This is commonly known as binge
watching, as the viewers have been hooked to the show till the end of the episode. The fantasy
series such as ‘Game of Thrones’, comedy series like ‘Arrested Development’ and series that are
highly dramatic in nature such as ‘Breaking Bad’ have tried to attract the viewers so that they
can watch the entire series by getting attached to it. The viewers are basically drawn in to the
television series, as they cannot resist the happenings that will take place in the next episode.
According to the survey that was conducted in 2013 by MarketCast, it was seen that
around 67 percent of the television viewers who are between the age group of 13 to 49 in the
United States of America are in to binge watching. Another survey that was conducted on the
subscribers of TiVo reported that almost 91 percent of the individuals have a tendency of binge
watching, as a common behavior of the viewers. The figures that have been growing after that, as
the content on the television along with the use of the technology has helped the consumers in
availing the series easily. The services include Netflix, HBO Go, and Amazon Prime along with
others that are earning profits, as they provide the convenient services to the viewers of
television. The nature of binge watching is helping the people in transforming their methods of
watching television along with the changes that are being done in the economics of the industry
as well.
The concept of binge watching is recent and is growing in popularity due to which most
of the researchers are being interested in this subject. The topic has not been researched in a

7BINGE WATCHING
proper manner, as it is one of the modern techniques that are being adopted by the viewers on a
constant manner.
Binge watching is also known as marathon viewing, which is a recent phenomenon where
the viewers tend to view multiple episodes of the same series over a specific period of time.
These habits helped the viewers in watching the entire season of the specific series at their
convenience, which changed their behavior towards the viewing of television series. The
episodes can be watched on a continuous basis for the viewers are simple but groundbreaking, as
the viewers are hooked on to their televisions or mobiles for watching the entire series. The idea
of binge watching has helped the viewers in defying the styles of viewing that are traditional in
nature, as they are allotting a specific time and schedule in viewing their favorite series. The
consumers are now being empowered with a new choice that is under their control, which has
helped them in following the series according to their convenience.
Binge watch was used so commonly by the people that it was added in the Oxford
Dictionary in the year 2013, as it had create d a significant impact on the lives off the consumers.
The meaning that was put forward by the dictionary was that it had given the viewers
independence from the traditional methods of viewing such as one episode every week, which
helped in recognizing the change in the mainstream use of media. The term ‘binge’ is commonly
used to describe a period that is limited, which helps in indulging in an activity very frequently.
The term is mostly used in a negative manner, as it is regarded as indulgence of the individuals
in a guilty pleasure. The viewers of the television have reported that they have lost most of their
weekends due to the effect of binge watching but has reported that the method of spending
sleepless nights have never occurred to them. Additionally, most of the viewers who binge watch
on a regular manner has explained that the phenomenon is normal and is not inclusive of the

8BINGE WATCHING
guilt feelings. The Harris Interactive survey that was conducted in 2013 revealed that almost 73
percent of the television viewers had positive feelings with respect to binge watching. The
custom of binge watching helps in encouraging others as well by recommending the viewers
alternate series that might be interesting to them.
The appointment television is a kind of program that helps the viewers in setting out an
alternative time so that they can watch their favorite shows. The viewers have the liberty to
organize their viewing times so that they can make themselves available at the time when the
original show is being broadcasted. The appoint television concept helps the people to remember
the popular shows and put a reminder so that they can watch it at their convenient time. The
options that are provided for television are not restricted to a particular time, which shows the
uncertainty of appointment television. The idea of appointment television helps in setting the
parameters for the audiences, which allows the viewers to make their decision regarding the time
of watching the series.
1.2 Research purpose
The primary purpose of conducting this research will be to gain a better understanding of
the effects that takes place with respect to binge watching and its effect on the perception of the
viewers towards the shows that are aired on the televisions. This study will help in finding out
the relationship that will help in creating a better phenomenon with respect to new television.
1.3 Aims of the research
The aim of the process of research will be to identify the extent to which the opinions of
the consumers may get affected due to the factor of binge watching along with the enjoyment
that the consumers get when they binge watch.

9BINGE WATCHING
1.4 Research objectives
The objectives of the research will be as follows:
 To assess the extent to which the consumer gets affected through binge watching
 To assess the factor of enjoyment that the consumers get after the process of binge
watching
 To ascertain the level of satisfaction that the consumers get after watching the show
1.5 Research questions
The research will be based on the following questions:
 To what extent does the opinion of the consumers gets affected?
 How does the factor of enjoyment help the show in getting affected?
 How much satisfaction do the consumers get after watching the show?
1.6 Research Hypothesis
The research will be based on the following hypothesis:
 H1: The opinions of the consumers will not get affected after they have completed binge
watching
 H2: The consumers will not enjoy after they have binge watched

10BINGE WATCHING
Chapter 2: Literature Review
This chapter will help in elaborating the studies that are present around the central themes
regarding the study. The literature will help in addressing the issues that are present with the
landscape of television along with the growth of the appointment television in the era of
networking. It will also examine the habits of the consumers in viewing the television and the
boom of binge watching. It will also focus on the past studies that deals with the factor of
perception among the consumers such as their opinions, enjoyment, satisfaction of the viewers
and the role that uses and gratifications play in binge watching.
2.1 Current television landscape
The landscape with respect to television has changed the climate of watching the shows
on the television in the modern era. With the help of the latest technologies at the beginning of
the century, it has helped in changing the nature of viewing television completely. The screen of
the television is not just present in the living rooms of the consumers only but has now been
dispersed in different avenues as well. The new services and the devices has helped in
contributing to a large extent that are associated with the practice of viewing the televisions,
which is based on the level of customization, control and navigation. Television is referred to the
system that is interrelated to the production, financial, distribution and engagement, which gets
renegotiated on the constant manner depending on the major upheavals within the industry. The
changes that happen affect the experience of television watching and allow the individuals to
customize their patterns of viewing. The new generation of consumers is accustomed with their
wants, as they know they can get it whenever they want and within their own time. Additionally,
the video services that are provided to the consumers on their demand plays an important role in

11BINGE WATCHING
changing the viewing pattern of the individuals. The manufacturers and producers of the
television shows are aware of the demands of the consumers, which has helped them in taking
control over the consumption of the product.
The most probable change within the television industry in the modern era is binge
watching, which has helped the producers of the series to change the method of distribution. The
onset of binge watching may not be ignored in the modern world, as the presence of television is
apparent on a global basis.
2.2 Appointment television
The history of television is categorized under the network era because the norms of
viewing were formed around the mass appeal and programs that were limited on fixed schedules.
This had led to the restriction of the control for the audience who were part of the television
viewers. The primary networks helped in controlling the television industry and provided non-
differentiating and uniform availability of the programs, which helped the viewers in controlling
the options of viewing the television programs according to their choices of time. The devotion
of the energy within the network helps in winning the primary slots so that the viewers can be
persuaded to watch the episodes on a regular basis, which they cannot afford to miss. The
meaning of appointment television is the description of the phenomenon that the viewers will
keep aside so that they can dedicate a particular time to watch the episodes of their favorite
shows. The shows that are viewed on the television are designed in such a way, which increases
the level of addiction of the viewers so that the shows can help in generating better ratings. A
show such as Dallas is a perfect example of appointment television, which had a top rating
according to the Nielsen rating during the period of 1980s because of the strong storyline that
was present in the television series.

12BINGE WATCHING
Following the evidence pertaining to the audiences and their ‘appointment television so
as to find out how effective this has been for the entire understanding of the issues. Since this has
been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the engagement of the audiences during the
television watching hours, the cognitive and behavioral pattern would be focusing on the entire
case pertaining to the effective understanding of the issues. As a matter of fact, this has to be
taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective case that has been taken into certain
consideration pertaining to the effective understanding of the process. According to the study
conducted by Pingree et al, many of the television viewers have been recording the TV series for
more than a week. This is somehow close to the process of appointment. According to the
research conducted by Pingree et al (2011), the television watchers are highly influenced by their
own choice as well as the offers provided by the Television channels pertaining to the schedule
of show-caste. It has also been found that the television viewers or the loyal viewers of a
specific program tend to make appointments so as to confirm selective choice of viewing. The
terms “appointment television” became quite trendy during the twenty first century with
effective usage of the internet and online tele-booking. The United States have become one of
the most significant centers for the television viewers who have been engaging in making
appointments with the television channels. According to Horsey (2013), acceptance of new
trendy technology in the mode of television viewing has facilitated the viewers that have
effectively engaged the viewers with the “idiot box”. However, continuous intervention and
prevalence of the online streaming of the television shows and movies in the sits such as Netflix,
Amazon videos and so on are highly influencing in the basic understanding of the possibility of
the viewers. As a matter of fact this has to be taken into certain consideration pertaining to the
effective understanding of the process where television appointment has become quite obsolete.

13BINGE WATCHING
Youtube also lays an important role in putting a virtual ban in this process. According to Frieden
(2014), it has been observed that continuous usage of online streaming of the videos has deemed
the usage of the television recording. On the contrary it has been observed that online streaming
has also focused on the effective consideration of the issues pertaining to recoding of the TV
shows.
2.3 Changing Viewing Habit:
There has been a certain shift in the mode of viewing television in the twenty first
century. According to Damratoski et al. (2011), almost all the viewers have been changing the
base line of the traditional habit of TV viewing. According to the research study conducted by
Damratoski et al. (2011) it has can be stated that intervention of new technology such as digital
video recorder and other facilities have been working as significant revamp plan for the
viewership of recorded videos and the programmes. The scholars had conducted effective
research to learn more about the basic changes pertaining to the entire understanding of the
process. According to Marshall (2009), the ease of access in internet has provided the customers
and the viewers with individual experience without deviating from privacy. The new millennium
has provided the viewers with multiple options to record videos or to re-watch what was missed
during the fresh telecast. Video streaming in Youtube has provided the viewers with ample
opportunity to watch the filed programmes. With the firm usage of time shifting technology, the
broadcast television viewers are facilitated with the confirmation of TV episodes based on
different schedules. The mode of landscape in terms of watching television has been changed
with the typical habit of watching the same program for more than a week. This new practice,
according to Marshall (2009), from the time of the availability of video cassette recorders with
the TVs and the television viewing option has reached to the newer grade. The beginning of the

14BINGE WATCHING
twenty first century also witnessed a new service called video on demand. With the effective
DTH systems, the TV viewing options have been strengthened. According to the argument of
Gillian (2011), “Must See TV’ has provided ample scope to the effective understanding of the
entire case that has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective
understanding of the actual case pertaining to the effective understanding of the process
pertaining to the actual case. The viewers try to watch a single episode of the television series,
which attracts them for the whole season being aired on the same network channel. This is
commonly known as binge watching, as the viewers have been hooked to the show till the end of
the episode. The fantasy series such as ‘Game of Thrones’, comedy series like ‘Arrested
Development’ and series that are highly dramatic in nature such as ‘Breaking Bad’ have tried to
attract the viewers so that they can watch the entire series by getting attached to it. The viewers
are basically drawn in to the television series, as they cannot resist the happenings that will take
place in the next episode.
According to the survey that was conducted in 2013 by MarketCast, it was seen that
around 67 percent of the television viewers who are between the age group of 13 to 49 in the
United States of America are in to binge watching. Another survey that was conducted on the
subscribers of TiVo reported that almost 91 percent of the individuals have a tendency of binge
watching, as a common behavior of the viewers. The figures that have been growing after that, as
the content on the television along with the use of the technology has helped the consumers in
availing the series easily. The services include Netflix, HBO Go, and Amazon Prime along with
others that are earning profits, as they provide the convenient services to the viewers of
television. The nature of binge watching is helping the people in transforming their methods of

15BINGE WATCHING
watching television along with the changes that are being done in the economics of the industry
as well.
The concept of binge watching is recent and is growing in popularity due to which most
of the researchers are being interested in this subject. The topic has not been researched in a
proper manner, as it is one of the modern techniques that are being adopted by the viewers on a
constant manner.
Binge watching is also known as marathon viewing, which is a recent phenomenon where
the viewers tend to view multiple episodes of the same series over a specific period of time.
These habits helped the viewers in watching the entire season of the specific series at their
convenience, which changed their behavior towards the viewing of television series. The
episodes can be watched on a continuous basis for the viewers are simple but groundbreaking, as
the viewers are hooked on to their televisions or mobiles for watching the entire series. The idea
of binge watching has helped the viewers in defying the styles of viewing that are traditional in
nature, as they are allotting a specific time and schedule in viewing their favorite series. The
consumers are now being empowered with a new choice that is under their control, which has
helped them in following the series according to their convenience.
Binge watch was used so commonly by the people that it was added in the Oxford
Dictionary in the year 2013, as it had create d a significant impact on the lives off the consumers.
The meaning that was put forward by the dictionary was that it had given the viewers
independence from the traditional methods of viewing such as one episode every week, which
helped in recognizing the change in the mainstream use of media. The term ‘binge’ is commonly
used to describe a period that is limited, which helps in indulging in an activity very frequently.

16BINGE WATCHING
The term is mostly used in a negative manner, as it is regarded as indulgence of the individuals
in a guilty pleasure. The viewers of the television have reported that they have lost most of their
weekends due to the effect of binge watching but has reported that the method of spending
sleepless nights have never occurred to them. Additionally, most of the viewers who binge watch
on a regular manner has explained that the phenomenon is normal and is not inclusive of the
guilt feelings. The Harris Interactive survey that was conducted in 2013 revealed that almost 73
percent of the television viewers had positive feelings with respect to binge watching. The
custom of binge watching helps in encouraging others as well by recommending the viewers
alternate series that might be interesting to them.
The appointment television is a kind of program that helps the viewers in setting out an
alternative time so that they can watch their favorite shows. The viewers have the liberty to
organize their viewing times so that they can make themselves available at the time when the
original show is being broadcasted. The appoint television concept helps the people to remember
the popular shows and put a reminder so that they can watch it at their convenient time. The
options that are provided for television are not restricted to a particular time, which shows the
uncertainty of appointment television. The idea of appointment television helps in setting the
parameters for the audiences, which allows the viewers to make their decision regarding the time
of watching the series. The primary purpose of conducting this research will be to gain a better
understanding of the effects that takes place with respect to binge watching and its effect on the
perception of the viewers towards the shows that are aired on the televisions. This study will help
in finding out the relationship that will help in creating a better phenomenon with respect to new
television. The objective of the process of research will be to identify the extent to which the

17BINGE WATCHING
opinions of the consumers may get affected due to the factor of binge watching along with the
enjoyment that the consumers get when they binge watch.
2.4 Binge Television:
According to horsey (2013), standing in the twenty first century the world of television
did not witness a single show that can be missed. With the digitalization of VCR, TiVo and DVR
emerged as an important factor the entire understanding that has been taken into certain
consideration with the effective understanding of the factors. The emergence of TiVo and DVR
eased the process of recording the shows’ entire seasons. This has made the idiot box more
compatible and friendlier to the viewers. Chmielewski (2013) has observed that with the
expansion of digital services namely Netflix, Hulu and others where the viewers are offered with
video on demand policies, the viewers keep consuming the episodes for hours without a single
gap. In this context it can be taken into certain consideration that more digitalized the TV
viewing options have become, closer the viewers go to the TV viewing options. In this regard
this has been taken into certain consideration that a new type of audience has emerged out of
nowhere. This has effectively developed the habit of continuous binge watching thus affective
dually on the psychological and social conceptualization of the viewers. As a matter of fact, this
has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective understanding of the fact that
this has been taken into certain consideration with the effective understanding of the entire case
pertaining to the effective knowledge based system where the TV viewing options have become
more stringent than the other works in life. Since this has been taken into certain consideration
pertaining to the effective understanding of the cases where in most of the concerns there is a
clear chance to find out how effective this would be for the entire understanding of recording
habit of the viewers. In the cases where there are limited options for the viewers to record

18BINGE WATCHING
videos, expansion of digitization has provided option to the viewers to download older videos
and enjoy watching the same. According to Beer (2013), it has been understood that there is no
specific place for Binge watching. It can be practiced anywhere. However, it has been studied
through extensive research that in most of the cases there is a clear understanding for the actual
case where this has been taken into certain consideration with the effective understanding of the
fact pertaining to the effective understanding of how to use the effective consideration of the
issues.
2.5 Early Methods of Binge Watching:
The habit of binge watching has been spreading to the entire world. The South East Asian
countries earlier did not possess the habit for the entire understanding of the case pertaining to
the effective understanding of the entire case that has been focused by most of situational groups.
Daily soaps have been an integral part of the daily life. Watching television soaps has changed
the mode of TV viewing options. This has not only heightened the number of TV viewers on
daily basis, but has also focused on the entire understanding of the case where the TV viewing
options have been taken into certain understanding pertaining to the process with the effective
understanding with the basic case so as to find out how effectively this would focus on the entire
case. However, in the LDCs, where television is considered to be the means of procuring the
effective understanding of the case this has been taken into certain understanding following the
functional case with the help of daily engagement. Early binge watching began with the request
launching to the operators where they would play continuous programs in lieu of payment, as a
matter of fact this has been the most important concept for all the TV viewers where they would
finally focus on the basic understanding of the people in terms of creating broader channels and
recording options. Umstead (2014) has observed that DVD box has set a certain and

19BINGE WATCHING
unbreakable standard for the people who engage in effective TV viewing mode with the basic
understanding of the process of recording videos. DTH system offering pause in live streaming
and the other digital facilities where television soaps can be automatically recorded can be taken
into certain consideration pertaining to the effective understanding of the process. Since this has
been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the fact with the effective understanding of the
process there has been taken into certain consideration with the basic facilities for the entire case,
the TV viewing options were excelled to the newer version. From the lineage of DVD series to
the online streaming of video the process of binge watching has been undergoing continuous
evolution. Because of continuous understanding of the process this has been taken into certain
consideration of the fact that there is a clear chance for the entire understanding of the factors
pertaining to the effective understanding where this would focus on how the entire effect would
focus on the basic understanding of the entire case. According to Chmielewski (2013), the season
DVDs had lead to the manufacturing of DVD players thus massively facilitating the viewers with
the effective understanding of the factors pertaining to the effective chances where this would
focus on the basic facilities to watch the recorded videos. With the effective understating of the
cases where this would be highly effective in terms of providing the chance to find out how the
basic changes are created with the effective consideration of the cases with the particular idea on
how to understand the process of being intelligible towards the process of creating viewpoint
towards the acceptance and fair usage of technology.

20BINGE WATCHING
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
3.0 Introduction
This chapter consists of the various methodological tools that have been used by the
researcher in order to complete the research successfully. Therefore, this chapter consists of a
systematic approach for describing the use of different methodological tools with the justification
of selecting them. This chapter consists of the various philosophical stances, designs along with
approach and strategy. The chapter also highlights the suitable data collection and analysis
techniques.
3.1 Research Outline
Method HeadChosen methodology
Research DesignDescriptive
Research PhilosophyPositivism
Research ApproachDeductive
Sampling TechniqueProbability sampling technique
Sample Size50 viewers of television
Data Collection processClose-ended survey questionnaire
Data Analysis processSPSS
Table: Research Outline
(Source: Author)

21BINGE WATCHING
In the case of the current research, the researcher has used positivism philosophy due to
which the use of deductive approach and descriptive design has been appropriate. Probability
sampling technique has been used for collecting data through survey and the collected data has
been analyzed by using SPSS.
3.2 Research Onion
According to Saunders et al., (2009), the research onion acts as a guide for the researcher
in terms of the suitable methodological tools to be used. Therefore, it helps the researcher to
achieve the proposed research outcome. The six layers of the research onion include research
approaches, philosophies, and designs along with strategy, sampling technique and data
collection and analysis techniques.
Figure: Research Onion
(Source: Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2009)

22BINGE WATCHING
3.3 Research Philosophy
The most widely used research philosophies include positivism, interpretivism, and
pragmatism. As commented by Petty, Thompson & Stew (2012), the concept of positivism
philosophy is based on the quantifiable observations deduced from the statistical analysis.
Therefore, the scientific method is the only way of verifying positivism philosophy thereby,
validating the truth. On the other hand, the interpretivism philosophy is based on the concept of
considering the various human perspectives regarding a specific issue. Therefore, the researcher
is able to study the nature of the human by considering meaningful observations. The
pragmatism philosophy is a combination of both positivism and interpretivism philosophy
thereby, allowing the researcher to consider human perspectives along with scientific testing.
3.3.1 Justification of selecting positivism philosophy
In the case of the current research, the researcher has used positivism philosophy. This is
because the use of positivism philosophy allowed the researcher to implement factual knowledge
for testing the formulated hypothesis by scientific testing and statistical approach. In order to
understand the impact of binge shows on the television viewers, statistical data analysis is
significant.
3.4 Research Approach
Inductive and deductive are the two most widely used research approaches. In the case of
an inductive approach, the researcher has to develop new theories and concepts based on the
observations. Therefore, the inductive approach is based on finding new patterns and approaches
that shift the focus of the researcher from research questions to observations and from
description to analysis (Terrell, 2012). On the other hand, in the case of a deductive approach,
the researcher is able to formulate a hypothesis based on previously existing theories and

23BINGE WATCHING
literature. Therefore, the researcher is able to consult and gather relevant information about the
research topic from existing kinds of literature (Coleman, 2013).
3.4.1 Justification of selecting deductive approach
In the case of the current research, the researcher has used deductive approach. The use of
deductive approach allowed the researcher to formulate the hypothesis and conduct the research
based on previously existing kinds of literature, theories, and concepts. Moreover, deductive
approach allowed the researcher to transform general data to specific data by relating the
gathered data with the research topic.
3.5 Research Design
Exploratory, explanatory and descriptive are most commonly used research designs while
conducting a research (Amelina & Faist, 2012). The option for the researcher to explain the
reasons for the particular phenomenon is defined as explanatory research design. On the other
hand, exploratory research design allows the researcher to predict the occurrences of the
phenomenon in terms of the research topic. Therefore, this helps the researcher in testing the
formulated hypothesis along with the research questions and objectives. The exploratory and
explanatory research design together forms the descriptive research design that emphasizes on
describing the characteristics of the particular population through the collection of data (Zhang,
2013).
3.5.1 Justification of selecting descriptive design
In the case of the current research, the researcher has used descriptive research design.
This allowed the researcher to fulfill the research questions and objectives by understanding the
cause and effect of the research issue. Moreover, the researcher has been able to predict the

24BINGE WATCHING
future occurrences of the impact of binge shows on the viewers and test the hypothesis whether
binge shows affect the viewers.
3.6 Research Strategy
Case study, survey, interview and action research are the most widely used research
strategies used by the researchers (Zivkovic, 2012). The study of real life factors by analyzing
the individual behaviors is the basic concept of case study research strategy. Case study analysis
allows the researcher to refer to previously existing studies related to the research topic. The
action research strategy is defined as the method in which the researcher is able to find solutions
to the issues identified in the research. On the other hand, interview and survey help in collecting
data from a particular population. This allows the researcher to be aware of the mindset and
opinion of the population in terms of the research topic (Guercini, 2014).
3.6.1 Justification of selecting survey research strategy
In the case of the current research, the researcher has used the survey as the research strategy
that consisted of close-ended questions. This allowed the researcher to collect data from a
particular population along with knowing the opinion and mindset of the population about the
impact of binge shows on television viewers.
3.7 Sampling Technique and Sampling Size
Probability and non-probability sampling technique are the two most widely used
sampling technique used by the researchers to select the sample for collecting data. In the case of
probability sampling technique, all the individuals of the population have equal chances of being
selected for data collection. On the other hand, all the individuals of the population do not have
equal chances of being selected for the data collection process if non-probability sampling

25BINGE WATCHING
technique is been implemented. Therefore, in the case of non-probability sampling technique, the
researcher selects the individuals that can participate in the data collection process (Thompson,
2013).
3.7.1 Justification of selecting probability-sampling technique
In the case of the current research, the probability-sampling technique has been used. This is
because the researcher selected a particular population for conducting the survey thereby,
providing equal opportunities for all the individuals within the population to take the survey.
Therefore, within a population, the researcher selected 50 responses to evaluate the impact of
binge shows on television viewers.
3.8 Data Collection Technique
Primary and secondary are the most widely used data collection techniques used by the
researchers for collecting relevant data for the research topic (Smith, 2015). Secondary data
collection technique mainly emphasizes on collection of data from secondary resources such as
books, journals and other internet facilities. On the other hand, primary data collection technique
includes collection of data based on the present mindset of the population. Qualitative and
quantitative are the two types of primary data collection technique used by the researchers.
Quantitative data collection technique includes interview whereas qualitative data collection
technique includes survey.
3.8.1 Justification of selecting primary data collection technique
In the case of the current research, the researcher has used primary qualitative data
collection technique for collecting data from a population. However, the researcher has also used
secondary data collection for gathering relevant data for literature review.

26BINGE WATCHING
3.9 Data Analysis Technique
The data collected needs to be analyzed, as data analysis helps in the interpretation of the
collected data. The data collected can be analyzed in the form of graphs, charts, and bars along
with statistical analysis. Statistical analysis helps in validating the collected data for the research
(Field, 2013).
3.9.1 Justification of selecting SPSS
In the case of the current research, the researcher has used SPSS for analyzing the
collected data from the population in order to understand the impact of binge shows on television
viewers. In SPSS, Chi-square test has been used by the researcher that allowed comparing and
contrasting between the various factor of the survey.
3.10 Ethical Considerations
According to the ethical considerations, the researcher is supposed to keep the data
gathered from the participants confidential along with their identity. Revealing the identity and
the data provided by the participants is unethical. Additionally, forcing the participants to be a
part of the data collection process is also unethical. The participants’ needs t be a part of the data
collection process willingly. Moreover, manipulation of data collected for the research purpose is
also unethical along with using the collected data for commercial purpose (Ritchie et al., 2013).
3.11 Conclusion
In this chapter, the researcher has concluded the use of various methodological tools
along with appropriate justification of selecting the particular research methodologies. The

27BINGE WATCHING
researcher also discusses the ethical considerations that need to consider while conducting the
research.
Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis
What is your gender?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Male 32 64.0 64.0 64.0
Female 18 36.0 36.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0
How often do you binge watch?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid I have never binge watched 8 16.0 16.0 16.0
Have watched one or two
shows 15 30.0 30.0 46.0
Have watched 5 shows 19 38.0 38.0 84.0
Too many to remember 8 16.0 16.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

28BINGE WATCHING

29BINGE WATCHING
The above frequency table gives a proper illustration of the relationship between gender
and the frequency at which the participants are prone to binge watching. It can be seen that most
of the participants who are males have agreed to the fact that they like to binge watch at least
five shows that are shown on the television. This is because most of the males show an interest in
following the series in a better manner and are eager to watch the entire series before being aired
on the television.
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
What is your gender? * How
often do you binge watch? 50 100.0% 0 0.0% 50 100.0%

30BINGE WATCHING
What is your gender? * How often do you binge watch? Cross tabulation
Count
How often do you binge watch?
Total
I have never
binge watched
Have watched
one or two
shows
Have watched 5
shows
Too many to
remember
What is your gender? Male 5 11 11 5 32
Female 3 4 8 3 18
Total 8 15 19 8 50
Chi-Square Tests
Value df
Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square .890a 3 .828
Likelihood Ratio .910 3 .823
Linear-by-Linear Association .157 1 .692
N of Valid Cases 50
a. 2 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is 2.88.
The Chi Square analysis that has been proposed by Pearson helps in finding out the
statistical relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The test has shown that
the value is coming to .828 whereas the minimum value has to be 2.88. This shows that there is
no statistical association between the two variables and both the genders have the opportunity to
use binge watching at a higher rate if they use the correct type of technology that are available in
the market.

31BINGE WATCHING
What is your age?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 16-18 10 20.0 20.0 20.0
19-23 6 12.0 12.0 32.0
24-26 14 28.0 28.0 60.0
27-30 20 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0
Do you prefer 'binge watching' because it helps to get maximum entertainment?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Strongly Agree 18 36.0 36.0 36.0
Agree 17 34.0 34.0 70.0
Neutral 9 18.0 18.0 88.0
Disagree 5 10.0 10.0 98.0
Strongly Disagree 1 2.0 2.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

32BINGE WATCHING
The above frequency table shows us the relationship between the age of the participants
and the effect of binge watching such as the maximum entertainment that they derive out of it. It

33BINGE WATCHING
can be seen that the participants belonging to the age group of 27-30 has agreed to the fact that
they derive maximum entertainment from binge watching the episodes.
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
What is you age? * Do you
prefer 'binge watching' because
it helps to get maximum
entertainment?
50 100.0% 0 0.0% 50 100.0%
What is your age? * Do you prefer 'binge watching' because it helps to get maximum entertainment? Cross
tabulation
Count
Do you prefer 'binge watching' because it helps to get maximum
entertainment?
Total
Strongly
Agree Agree Neutral Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
What is you age? 16-18 4 2 2 2 0 10
19-23 2 2 0 2 0 6
24-26 4 6 3 0 1 14
27-30 8 7 4 1 0 20
Total 18 17 9 5 1 50
Chi-Square Tests
Value df
Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 11.242a 12 .508
Likelihood Ratio 12.413 12 .413
Linear-by-Linear Association .762 1 .383
N of Valid Cases 50
a. 17 cells (85.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is .12.

34BINGE WATCHING
The Chi Square analysis has shown that the asymptotic value of the test has come to .508
whereas the minimum expected value has to be .12. This shows that there is a statistical
association between age of the participants and the amount of entertainment that they get after
binge watching the series. It can be seen that the participants of the age group of 27-30 along
with the other age groups derive maximum entertainment when they binge watch the episodes of
a particular television series.
What applications do you use to binge watch?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Netflix 15 30.0 30.0 30.0
Hulu 8 16.0 16.0 46.0
Amazon 16 32.0 32.0 78.0
Network websites 7 14.0 14.0 92.0
DVDs 4 8.0 8.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0
What do you prefer most?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Binge watching 19 38.0 38.0 38.0
Appointment television 12 24.0 24.0 62.0
Both of them 13 26.0 26.0 88.0
None of the above 6 12.0 12.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

35BINGE WATCHING

36BINGE WATCHING
The above frequency table shows the relationship between the applications that the
participants use and the preference that they give between binge watching and appointment
television. It can be seen that most of the participants have agreed that they use Amazon as the
application and prefers to binge watch through this application.
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
What applications do you
use to binge watch? * What
do you prefer most?
50 100.0% 0 0.0% 50 100.0%

37BINGE WATCHING
What applications do you use to binge watch? * What do you prefer most? Cross tabulation
Count
What do you prefer most?
Total
Binge
watching
Appointment
television Both of them
None of the
above
What applications do
you use to binge watch?
Netflix 8 2 3 2 15
Hulu 4 2 2 0 8
Amazon 6 3 4 3 16
Network
websites 0 3 3 1 7
DVDs 1 2 1 0 4
Total 19 12 13 6 50
Chi-Square Tests
Value df
Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 10.216a 12 .597
Likelihood Ratio 13.692 12 .321
Linear-by-Linear Association 1.524 1 .217
N of Valid Cases 50
a. 18 cells (90.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is .48.
The result from the Chi Square analysis has revealed that the value is coming to be .597
whereas the minimum expected value has to be .48. This shows that there is no statistical
association between the variables, which includes the choice of applications and the preference
that they give. The participants can use the other applications depending on the availability of the
networks for binge watching their favorite shows.

38BINGE WATCHING
What ethnic group do you belong to?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Asian 23 46.0 46.0 46.0
American 14 28.0 28.0 74.0
Latino 7 14.0 14.0 88.0
Black 6 12.0 12.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0
How often do you binge watch?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid I have never binge watched 8 16.0 16.0 16.0
Have watched one or two
shows 15 30.0 30.0 46.0
Have watched 5 shows 19 38.0 38.0 84.0
Too many to remember 8 16.0 16.0 100.0
Total 50 100.0 100.0

39BINGE WATCHING

40BINGE WATCHING
The frequency table that is given above shows the relationship between the ethnicity of
the participants and the frequency at which they binge watch. It can be seen that most of the
participants who are of Asian ethnicity are prone to binge watching at least five television series.
The participants have said that they binge watch at least five of their favorite shows on their
applications, as they do not wait for the episodes to be aired on the television on a daily or a
weekly basis.
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
What ethnic group do you
belong to? * How often do
you binge watch?
50 100.0% 0 0.0% 50 100.0%
What ethnic group do you belong to? * How often do you binge watch? Cross tabulation
Count
How often do you binge watch?
Total
I have never
binge watched
Have watched
one or two
shows
Have watched
5 shows
Too many to
remember
What ethnic group do you
belong to?
Asian 6 7 7 3 23
American 1 4 6 3 14
Latino 0 1 5 1 7
Black 1 3 1 1 6
Total 8 15 19 8 50

41BINGE WATCHING
Chi-Square Tests
Value df
Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 8.266a 9 .508
Likelihood Ratio 9.107 9 .427
Linear-by-Linear Association .780 1 .377
N of Valid Cases 50
a. 13 cells (81.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is .96.
The chi square analysis test have revealed that the the asymptotic value is .508 whereas
the minimum expected value has to be .96. This shows that there is no statistical association
between the variables such as ethnicity of the people and the frequency at which the participants
binge watch.
The researcher has asked the participants about the frequency at which they are hooked to
binge watching. The response was that most of the participants around 70 percent in particular
have agreed that they are frequent users of binge watching.

42BINGE WATCHING
The researcher have interviewed the participants before they have binge watched any of
their favorite shows and found that around 62 percent of the participants were able to answer the
questions within 10 minutes.

43BINGE WATCHING
When the participants were interviewed after the binge watching session, it was seen that
around 88 percent of the participants took an average of 15 minutes to answer to the questions, as
they were thinking about the episodes through their unconscious minds.

44BINGE WATCHING
The participants of the interview process said mostly 76 percent of the participants feel
bored after a session of binge watching, as they crave to watch more of the episodes, which may
not be available at that particular time.

45BINGE WATCHING
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1: Conclusion
This part in the process of the research will help the researcher in linking the objectives
that has been taken up for the study along with the responses that have been collected from the
participants and the review of the literature. The data has been acquired using the quantitative
method, which has helped the researcher in getting a better insight about the topic and has taken
the existing literature in to consideration as well. The survey, which has been conducted, helped
in getting a better perspective of the objectives that have been taken up for the study of the
research process. The objectives that have been taken up for the study will be used in correlation
with the recent process of research. The use of the quantitative process of research has helped the
researcher in gaining an in-depth knowledge about the topic. The effect of binge watching on the
minds of the consumers has been illustrated in a better manner, as the researcher managed to
understand the topic in an appropriate manner.
5.2: Linking with the objectives
To assess the extent to which the consumer gets affected through binge watching
From the review of the existing literature, it can be seen that the consumers get addicted
to their favorite shows, as the applications allow them to watch the episodes automatically so that
the consumers can be receptive to the intellectual and the emotional insights. The consumers
look forward to watch the next part of the episodes so that they can appreciate the series in a
better way. The availability of the high-speed internet and the other technologies has helped the
customers in gaining the experience at a low cost. The consumers want to be excited and are in
need of gathering better experience so they want to experience the entire television series within

46BINGE WATCHING
a particular period of time. The viewers now do not depend on the weekly series that are being
shown on the television, as they have the technology to watch the episodes whenever they want
it. The viewers have a major impact on their body when the series is over, as the new series are
sometimes released after a gap of one year. This gives rise to the withdrawal syndrome that may
be experienced by the viewers, as they feel unhappy with the end of the series. The effect of
binge watching is that it provides the viewers to share a common interest with other people who
are living in the same society, which helps in establishing a better chance of intimacy with other
people.
To assess the factor of enjoyment that the consumers get after the process of binge watching
The effect of binge watching is that it makes the viewers less enjoyable who watch it at a
stretch rather than watching on a weekly manner. It has been seen that the effect of being in front
of the television for long hours may result in the diminishing of the quality of the series, which
leads to the factor of less enjoyment for the viewers. Watching the videos on demand basis
reduced the chances of enjoyment within the viewers, as they can watch the episodes whenever
they want, which may result in boredom among them. The effect of binge watching is that it
helps the viewers in forming a strong memory after the episode is over but the memories decline
rapidly over a period of time. The viewing of the television series through the traditional method
will help in improving the memory of the viewers in an incremental manner but will have an
impact on the level of enjoyment on the viewers.
To ascertain the level of satisfaction that the consumers get after watching the show
Binge watching creates a low level of impression on the viewers, as the episodes are
viewed by the consumers on a continuous basis. This increases the chance of low level of

47BINGE WATCHING
enjoyment for the viewers, as most of the episodes are viewed by the consumers in a daily
manner. The customers may be satisfied with the binge watching at the initial level but at the
long run they will not be able to watch as the series, which will give rise to the withdrawal
syndrome among the viewers. On the other hand, if the viewers are able to watch the series on a
weekly basis, then it will help the viewers in having a better memory with respect to the
television series.
5.3 Limitations for the research
The research has been conducted by facing many problems by the researcher, which has
caused lot of problems for the completion of the study of the research. The primary limitation
that has been faced by the researcher is the cost factor, which was limited while carrying out the
process of research. This caused a lot of problem for the researcher in collecting the data from
the viewers, as it would lead to increment of the cost for the researcher. The participants that
have been taken up for the research had to be reminded in taking up the survey, as they were
busy with their work schedule. The other factor that caused problem for the researcher was the
factor of time. The participants of the survey responded took long time in responding to the
questionnaire that was sent by the researcher, which was a major hindrance in the study of the
research. These were the factors that caused problems for the researcher in conducting the study
in a proper manner.
5.4 Scope for future research
The process of the research has been done in a successful manner, which can be used by
other researchers as a secondary source of data for the conduction of the future researches. The
research can be done with respect to the effects of binge watching that will have an impact on the

48BINGE WATCHING
viewers. The use of the data that has been provided in this research will help the researchers in
using the information for other factors of research study as well.

49BINGE WATCHING
Reference List
Amelina, A., & Faist, T. (2012). De-naturalizing the national in research methodologies: key
concepts of transnational studies in migration. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35(10), 1707-
1724.
Burke, T., 2016. Disconnected: Youth, new media and the ethics gap. New Media &
Society, 18(4), pp.676-677.
Coleman, R. (Ed.). (2013). Deleuze and research methodologies. Edinburgh University Press.
de Feijter, D., Khan, V.J. and van Gisbergen, M., 2016, June. Confessions of a'guilty'couch
potato understanding and using context to optimize binge-watching behavior.
In Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV
and Online Video (pp. 59-67). ACM.
Elsaesser, T., 2013. The “return” of 3-D: On some of the logics and genealogies of the image in
the twenty-first century. Critical Inquiry, 39(2), pp.217-246.
Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage.
Guercini, S. (2014). New qualitative research methodologies in management. Management
Decision, 52(4), 662-674.
Jenner, M. (2016). Is this TVIV? On Netflix, TVIII and binge-watching. new media &
society, 18(2), 257-273.
Matrix, S. (2014). The Netflix effect: Teens, binge watching, and on-demand digital media
trends. Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures, 6(1), 119-138.

50BINGE WATCHING
McDonald, K. and Smith-Rowsey, D. eds., 2016. The Netflix effect: Technology and
entertainment in the 21st century. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
Nicholson, J., 2017. The influence of sport participation on youth binge drinking.
Oberschmidt, K., 2017. The relationship between binge-watching, compensatory health beliefs,
and sleep (Bachelor's thesis, University of Twente).
Pena, L.L., 2015. Breaking binge: Exploring the effects of binge watching on television viewer
reception (Doctoral dissertation, Syracuse University).
Petty, N. J., Thomson, O. P., & Stew, G. (2012). Ready for a paradigm shift? Part 2: Introducing
qualitative research methodologies and methods. Manual therapy, 17(5), 378-384.
Pittman, M. and Sheehan, K., 2015. Sprinting a media marathon: Uses and gratifications of
binge-watching television through Netflix. First Monday, 20(10).
Prinsen, M., 2017. Binge-watching: the assocation of compensatory health beliefs with binge-
watching, physical activity and body mass index in young adults (Bachelor's thesis,
University of Twente).
Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., & Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013). Qualitative research
practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage.
Saunders, M. N., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2009) Research methods for business students. 5th
ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall
Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015). Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage.
Snyder, R., 2016. Binge On: The Phenomenon of Binge Watching.

51BINGE WATCHING
Tanofsky-Kraff, M., Goossens, L., Eddy, K.T., Ringham, R., Goldschmidt, A., Yanovski, S.Z.,
Braet, C., Marcus, M.D., Wilfley, D.E., Olsen, C. and Yanovski, J.A., 2007. A multisite
investigation of binge eating behaviors in children and adolescents. Journal of consulting
and clinical psychology, 75(6), p.901.
Terrell, S. R. (2012). Mixed-methods research methodologies. The qualitative report, 17(1), 254-
280.
Thompson, W. (Ed.). (2013). Sampling rare or elusive species: concepts, designs, and techniques
for estimating population parameters. Island Press.
Zhang, Y. (2013). Urban metabolism: A review of research methodologies. Environmental
pollution, 178, 463-473.
Zivkovic, J. (2012). Strengths and weaknesses of business research methodologies: Two
disparate case studies. Business Studies Journal, 4(2), 91-99.

52BINGE WATCHING
Appendix
1) What is your gender?
Male
Female
2) What is your age?
16-18
19-23
24-26
27-30
3) What ethnic group do you belong to?
Asian
American
Latino
Black
4) What applications do you use to binge watch?
Netflix
Hulu

53BINGE WATCHING
Amazon
Network websites
DVDs
5) How often do you binge watch?
I have never binge watched
Have watched one or two shows
Have watched five shows
Too many to remember
6) How often do you use appointment television?
I never use appointment television
Used it to watch one or two shows
Used it to watch five shows
Have used it frequently
7) What do you prefer most?
Binge watching
Appointment television
Both of them

54BINGE WATCHING
None of the above
8) Do you prefer binge watching because it helps to get maximum entertainment?
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
9) Do you prefer binge watching because it helps to relax?
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
10) Do you prefer appointment television because you get to learn from it?
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral

55BINGE WATCHING
Disagree
Strongly Disagree