CASE STUDIES4 CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDIES
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CASE STUDIES
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Question 1
When the cells migrate into the stratum spinosum, they initiate to synthesize keratin and
produce desmosomes to interlink adjacent cells. While the striatum basal carries on to generate
new cells, keratinocytes present in the striatum spinosum are moved or embedded in the stratum
granulosum. This flattens the cells while cell membranes becoming thick and they produce good
amounts of keratohyalin and keratin proteins. The nucleus and other cellular organelles
disintegrate when the cells die, leaving keratohyalin, keratin, and the cell membrane behind,
forming the stratum corneum and stratum lucidum. Keratinocytes mostly get flattened and die in
these layers. Stratum corneum cells are periodically rejected or shed off (Feher, 2017; Fox,
2015).
The human skin contains 5 major layers. These are as follows (Fox, 2015; Moissl-
Eichinger, C., Probst, A. J., Birarda, G., Auerbach, A., Koskinen, K., Wolf, P., & Holman, H.-Y.
N., 2017):
Stratum Corneum: The stratum corneum consists of dead cells, keratinocytes, and the
outermost layer of skin that acts as a barrier against bacteria and moisture. With age, this
blockage worsens and becomes crusty and scaly.
Epidermis: The epidermis contains keratin-producing living keratinocytes cells. With
age, this layer becomes thinner as the new keratinocyte production rate decreases in the body.
Dermal-Epidermal Junction: It is an intimate layer of skin between the epidermis and
the dermis upper layer primarily made of collagen.