MAJOR PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PATIENT WITH ASTHMA INFORMATION 2022

MEET SASHA
Client Information
Name Sasha Jacob
Gender Female
Age 22 years
Weight Obesity
Disease
condition
Asthma
Lifestyle Balanced diet
Occupation Nursing student
Living status Lives with her grandmother
Exercise N/A
Smoking Does not smoke
Alcohol intake She drinks wines
Family history Father died of heart failure
Medication Salbutamol twice a day

2 MAJOR PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES
IN PATIENT WITH ASTHMA
 Bronchial Smooth muscle contraction
 Bronchial smooth muscle contraction is a characteristic feature of
pathophysiology of asthma. Bronchial smooth muscle contraction induces
airway narrowing, which also contributes to bronchial inflammation by
releasing various inflammatory mediators. Such inflammatory mediators
may include mast cells and T-lymphocytes . The increase in bronchial
smooth muscle contraction when Asha has asthma will be as a result of the
deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Besides, an increase in bronchial
smooth muscle contraction will be contributed by an increase in both cell
size and number. Furthermore, asthmatic bronchial smooth muscle
contraction will be as a result of increased cell proliferation and decreased
cell apoptosis (Melen & Pershagen, 2012).
 Increased mucus production
 Increased secretion of mucus is related to asthma. The increase in mucous
production is associated with activation of inflammatory response. The
activation of EGFR inhibits epithelial cell apoptosis, thereby allowing IL- to

THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ASTHMA
 Coughing remain as one of the clinical manifestations of asthma. The asthmatic
bronchial smooth muscle contraction makes the airways in the lungs to become
affected, thereby becoming inflamed. Besides, the breathing tubes become reactive,
which makes them squeeze and tighten. This makes the lungs to be more likely to be
affected by foreign irritants like cold air. The body system then reacts by coughing in
efforts to try to remove the irritant in the lungs (Melen & Pershagen, 2012).
 Increased respiratory rate is another major signs and symptoms of a patient with
asthma. The asthmatic bronchial smooth muscle contraction leads to inflammation of
the lungs and narrowing of the airways, which makes it hard for free passage of air in
the lungs. As a result, the air entering in the lungs decrease thereby making the patient
to take more breaths in a shorter period of time in order to provide the body with
enough oxygen required by the body to function well. This will make my client Sasha
to experience an increased rate of respiratory rate which is part of clinical
manifestation of Asthma.