Exploring Shopping Motives in a Multichannel Environment
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Essay
AI Summary
In a multichannel environment, understanding shopping motives, sociodemographics, and product categories is crucial for businesses seeking to build customer loyalty. Previous studies have explored the influence of factors such as satisfaction, reward programs, and destination personality on consumer behavior. This study aims to investigate these factors further by examining their impact on shopping motives, sociodemographics, and product categories.
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Assignment
Consumer Behavior
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Consumer Behavior
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Executive Summary
The following research proposal provides some brief knowledge about the reward
process followed by the organisations to increase the loyal customers in the market.
The research proposal also analyzes the different aspects of the increment of loyal
customers to recommend some effective measures that help the business organisations
to increase the loyal customers in the market. The research proposal collects some
feedback from the customers about the process followed by the business organisations
to increase the number of loyal customers in the market. The researcher conducts the
research on the Whitakers Chocolates ltd to provide information about the process
followed by the company to increase the loyal customers in the market.
2
The following research proposal provides some brief knowledge about the reward
process followed by the organisations to increase the loyal customers in the market.
The research proposal also analyzes the different aspects of the increment of loyal
customers to recommend some effective measures that help the business organisations
to increase the loyal customers in the market. The research proposal collects some
feedback from the customers about the process followed by the business organisations
to increase the number of loyal customers in the market. The researcher conducts the
research on the Whitakers Chocolates ltd to provide information about the process
followed by the company to increase the loyal customers in the market.
2
Table of Contents
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................1
Overview of the Whitakers Chocolates ltd..................................................................................................1
Task 1..........................................................................................................................................................2
1.1 Outlining Loyalty of Consumers and effects of Reward Schemes..........................................................2
1.2 Factors influencing the selection of the research project......................................................................3
1.3 Reviewing the main factors for choosing the topic:..............................................................................3
1.4 Research Project Proposal: An investigation into Consumer Loyalty and Research Schemes...............4
1.5 Presentation of a Gantt Chart with respect to research specification...................................................5
Task 2..........................................................................................................................................................7
2.1: Role of research resources and the relationship between the research resources and research
questions and hypothesis............................................................................................................................7
2.2: Required ‘Questionnaire’ to collect data for the research proposal ...................................................9
2.3: Presentation of the collect data from the research project by using the graph and table ................10
Task 3: The process of interpret and analyze the results of the research proposal ..................................20
3.1: Application of research evaluation techniques to evaluate the results .............................................20
3.2: Interpretation and analysis of the research topic by using the frequency and percentage...............21
3.3: Recommendations of different areas for the further research..........................................................23
Task 4: The presentation of the result and recommendations of the result.............................................24
4.1: Recommendations through a proper media......................................................................................24
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................30
Bibliography:.............................................................................................................................................31
3
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................1
Overview of the Whitakers Chocolates ltd..................................................................................................1
Task 1..........................................................................................................................................................2
1.1 Outlining Loyalty of Consumers and effects of Reward Schemes..........................................................2
1.2 Factors influencing the selection of the research project......................................................................3
1.3 Reviewing the main factors for choosing the topic:..............................................................................3
1.4 Research Project Proposal: An investigation into Consumer Loyalty and Research Schemes...............4
1.5 Presentation of a Gantt Chart with respect to research specification...................................................5
Task 2..........................................................................................................................................................7
2.1: Role of research resources and the relationship between the research resources and research
questions and hypothesis............................................................................................................................7
2.2: Required ‘Questionnaire’ to collect data for the research proposal ...................................................9
2.3: Presentation of the collect data from the research project by using the graph and table ................10
Task 3: The process of interpret and analyze the results of the research proposal ..................................20
3.1: Application of research evaluation techniques to evaluate the results .............................................20
3.2: Interpretation and analysis of the research topic by using the frequency and percentage...............21
3.3: Recommendations of different areas for the further research..........................................................23
Task 4: The presentation of the result and recommendations of the result.............................................24
4.1: Recommendations through a proper media......................................................................................24
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................30
Bibliography:.............................................................................................................................................31
3
Introduction
Consumer satisfaction is a major factor for the success of business organisations.
Therefore, it is one of the major objective of the business organizations that have to
achieve by them to run their business activities successfully and increase the market
share for the in the industry. The satisfaction of the consumers depends on the quality
of the products and services provided by the business organizations. The consistency in
the quality of the products can produce some loyal customers for the organizations.
Some new organizations also provide some rewards for producing loyal consumers in
the market. The business organizations have to recognize the behavior of the consumer
to acquire the knowledge about the process of satisfying the customers. However, the
business organizations try to satisfy the customers by meeting the requirements and
demand of the consumers (Solomon, 2014, p.235). Consumer satisfaction also
depends on the after sales services provided by the organisations. Business
organisations have to use some appropriate techniques and tools to acquire a brief
knowledge about the demand and requirements of the customers. Organisation also
tries to design and develop their products according to the requirements of the
consumers to achieve high customer satisfaction. The following research proposal
provides a brief knowledge about the process by which the modern business
organisations acquire the knowledge about the Consumer behavior. The process
followed by the business organisations to produce some loyal customers in the market
also will be mentioned in the study.
Overview of the Whitakers Chocolates ltd
The research proposal also provides brief knowledge about the process followed by the
Whitakers Chocolate ltd to produce some loyal customers in the market. Whittaker's
chocolate ltd is one of the leading chocolate manufacturing companies in UK which was
established by the John and Rebecca Whitakers in 1889. The Company successfully
satisfies the customers with their chocolate products for the last 128 years. The
company also develops their technologies and production process of the chocolates
4
Consumer satisfaction is a major factor for the success of business organisations.
Therefore, it is one of the major objective of the business organizations that have to
achieve by them to run their business activities successfully and increase the market
share for the in the industry. The satisfaction of the consumers depends on the quality
of the products and services provided by the business organizations. The consistency in
the quality of the products can produce some loyal customers for the organizations.
Some new organizations also provide some rewards for producing loyal consumers in
the market. The business organizations have to recognize the behavior of the consumer
to acquire the knowledge about the process of satisfying the customers. However, the
business organizations try to satisfy the customers by meeting the requirements and
demand of the consumers (Solomon, 2014, p.235). Consumer satisfaction also
depends on the after sales services provided by the organisations. Business
organisations have to use some appropriate techniques and tools to acquire a brief
knowledge about the demand and requirements of the customers. Organisation also
tries to design and develop their products according to the requirements of the
consumers to achieve high customer satisfaction. The following research proposal
provides a brief knowledge about the process by which the modern business
organisations acquire the knowledge about the Consumer behavior. The process
followed by the business organisations to produce some loyal customers in the market
also will be mentioned in the study.
Overview of the Whitakers Chocolates ltd
The research proposal also provides brief knowledge about the process followed by the
Whitakers Chocolate ltd to produce some loyal customers in the market. Whittaker's
chocolate ltd is one of the leading chocolate manufacturing companies in UK which was
established by the John and Rebecca Whitakers in 1889. The Company successfully
satisfies the customers with their chocolate products for the last 128 years. The
company also develops their technologies and production process of the chocolates
4
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according to the demand of customers. In resent the company produces 10 million
chocolate products every week.
Task 1
1.1 Outlining Loyalty of Consumers and effects of Reward Schemes
Consumer loyalty can be explained as ‘the outcome of consistent experiences of
positive emotions’ which provides the customers satisfaction based on physical
attributes including the product or service offered and their perceived values. It, thus,
refers to the emotional bond that the consumer has with Whitakers Chocolates ltd. that
accounts for the loyalty.
Consumer Loyalty: As per Peter et al. (2013, p.122), to hold back old consumers is
easier than attracting new consumers. For this reason, consumer experience
management appears to be the most effective approach to rise up consumer
satisfaction, retaining them and driving their loyalty to a higher level. Loyal customers
are more inclined to buy supplementary products and services while ensuring sales,
thus saving expenses related to the education of consumers and marketing the product.
Loyalty Schemes and Reward Programs: Consumers making frequent purchases are
offered the loyalty program. Such schemes and programs allow the consumer
beforehand access to special coupons on sales, merchandises for free. It even includes
chances to lay hands on Whitakers Chocolates ltd.’s new products before general
consumers can.
Overall effect on consumer psychology: Taking into account the peaking competitions in
today’s business landscape, such programs can help the organisation stand ahead of
other firms competing in the race. Such distinction happens to be effective in occupying
the attention and loyalty of consumers while boosting profits as the consumer happens
to cherish the product or service in present and even after its use (Chernev et al. 2015,
p. 341).
5
chocolate products every week.
Task 1
1.1 Outlining Loyalty of Consumers and effects of Reward Schemes
Consumer loyalty can be explained as ‘the outcome of consistent experiences of
positive emotions’ which provides the customers satisfaction based on physical
attributes including the product or service offered and their perceived values. It, thus,
refers to the emotional bond that the consumer has with Whitakers Chocolates ltd. that
accounts for the loyalty.
Consumer Loyalty: As per Peter et al. (2013, p.122), to hold back old consumers is
easier than attracting new consumers. For this reason, consumer experience
management appears to be the most effective approach to rise up consumer
satisfaction, retaining them and driving their loyalty to a higher level. Loyal customers
are more inclined to buy supplementary products and services while ensuring sales,
thus saving expenses related to the education of consumers and marketing the product.
Loyalty Schemes and Reward Programs: Consumers making frequent purchases are
offered the loyalty program. Such schemes and programs allow the consumer
beforehand access to special coupons on sales, merchandises for free. It even includes
chances to lay hands on Whitakers Chocolates ltd.’s new products before general
consumers can.
Overall effect on consumer psychology: Taking into account the peaking competitions in
today’s business landscape, such programs can help the organisation stand ahead of
other firms competing in the race. Such distinction happens to be effective in occupying
the attention and loyalty of consumers while boosting profits as the consumer happens
to cherish the product or service in present and even after its use (Chernev et al. 2015,
p. 341).
5
1.2 Factors influencing the selection of the research project
Societal Issues: with the change in society, new topics emerge out which require
attention. Whether to choose a topic or not and to carry out research on it is influenced
mainly by its importance in the changing society. With new trends, new issues arise. To
understand these new issues, new researches have to be conducted.
Researcher Values: Based on the beliefs, interests and the values one holds, the
researcher may be instigated to choose a topic. It can often be the outcome based on
the experiences the researcher holds, religion he belongs to, his social class, and may
be even based on how he or she wants the society to change.
Perspectives: Perceptions vary from person to person. Based on the insights of the
researcher and also, what and how interests him, the researcher may wish to choose a
topic he finds suitable as per his interest.
Funding: Money is of the chief essence in all research related works. Thus the
availability of funds to carry forward the research is very significant. The more the topic
appears to affect the society for its good, easier may it be to attract funding. It is a must
for researchers to be able to afford the ongoing the research on the topic they propose.
Data availability: The availability of data for a new topic or access to data existing
before hand for smooth operation of the research must be kept in mind. Often
researchers are attracted to fields with gaps. But they must keep in mind the availability
of data if they wish to fill the gap.
1.3 Reviewing the main factors for choosing the topic:
Critical analysis of socially conditioned psychologies: In the blooming era of
consumerism, understanding the mindsets, viewpoints and behaviors of consumers is
of chief importance to expect the smooth consumption of the product or service being
provided (Wirtz et al. 2007, p. 332).
Availability of data: Easy collection of data through questionnaires on public forums,
social platforms and daily consumers in the market. This not only helps in
understanding the needs of the consumers but also realizing the expectations they wish
to be fulfilled by Whitakers Chocolates ltd. they are loyal to.
6
Societal Issues: with the change in society, new topics emerge out which require
attention. Whether to choose a topic or not and to carry out research on it is influenced
mainly by its importance in the changing society. With new trends, new issues arise. To
understand these new issues, new researches have to be conducted.
Researcher Values: Based on the beliefs, interests and the values one holds, the
researcher may be instigated to choose a topic. It can often be the outcome based on
the experiences the researcher holds, religion he belongs to, his social class, and may
be even based on how he or she wants the society to change.
Perspectives: Perceptions vary from person to person. Based on the insights of the
researcher and also, what and how interests him, the researcher may wish to choose a
topic he finds suitable as per his interest.
Funding: Money is of the chief essence in all research related works. Thus the
availability of funds to carry forward the research is very significant. The more the topic
appears to affect the society for its good, easier may it be to attract funding. It is a must
for researchers to be able to afford the ongoing the research on the topic they propose.
Data availability: The availability of data for a new topic or access to data existing
before hand for smooth operation of the research must be kept in mind. Often
researchers are attracted to fields with gaps. But they must keep in mind the availability
of data if they wish to fill the gap.
1.3 Reviewing the main factors for choosing the topic:
Critical analysis of socially conditioned psychologies: In the blooming era of
consumerism, understanding the mindsets, viewpoints and behaviors of consumers is
of chief importance to expect the smooth consumption of the product or service being
provided (Wirtz et al. 2007, p. 332).
Availability of data: Easy collection of data through questionnaires on public forums,
social platforms and daily consumers in the market. This not only helps in
understanding the needs of the consumers but also realizing the expectations they wish
to be fulfilled by Whitakers Chocolates ltd. they are loyal to.
6
Understanding the effect of loyalty schemes on consumer can be made from a wide
range of people: With the rise of brand loyalty, consumers have become more
consistent with their choices (Yi and Jeon, 2003, p. 231). Based on Whitakers
Chocolates ltd./brand’s strategies, loyalty programs to give rewards and incentives such
as samples and free gifts attract even confused consumers to their products.
Focusing on company’s promises and people’s expectations can provide increased
profits: As analyzed by Dowling et al. (2003, p. 296), trying to discover the gap between
the brand and consumers’ ideals and what exactly they want, Whitakers Chocolates ltd.
strives to meet their end. This in the process can lead Whitakers Chocolates ltd. to
create new products, pulling in more customers while trying to meet the demands of the
ones loyal to them.
1.4 Research Project Proposal: An investigation into Consumer
Loyalty and Research Schemes
Customer trends:
World Wide Web - The Promising Factor
In the age of digitalization, most consumers are deeply influenced by the internet. They
fail to accumulate loyal emotions for any particular brand. The availability of excess
information on the web helps a consumer to compare and contrast among a wide range
of factors before buying a product.
Programs of Direct Purchase:
This program is a method which allows the consumer to purchase stocks in a company
first hand, i.e. directly from Whitakers Chocolates ltd. without any broker fees or any
kind of commission, the customers are aided an advantage.
Customer Relationship Management:
The principles, guidelines and practices being followed by Whitakers Chocolates ltd. to
interact with it consumers is referred to as ‘Customer Relationship Management’ or
CRM. The building blocks of CRM include Whitakers Chocolates ltd.’s official website,
emails, mass mailings, telephone calls and social media interaction.
Customer Information File:
7
range of people: With the rise of brand loyalty, consumers have become more
consistent with their choices (Yi and Jeon, 2003, p. 231). Based on Whitakers
Chocolates ltd./brand’s strategies, loyalty programs to give rewards and incentives such
as samples and free gifts attract even confused consumers to their products.
Focusing on company’s promises and people’s expectations can provide increased
profits: As analyzed by Dowling et al. (2003, p. 296), trying to discover the gap between
the brand and consumers’ ideals and what exactly they want, Whitakers Chocolates ltd.
strives to meet their end. This in the process can lead Whitakers Chocolates ltd. to
create new products, pulling in more customers while trying to meet the demands of the
ones loyal to them.
1.4 Research Project Proposal: An investigation into Consumer
Loyalty and Research Schemes
Customer trends:
World Wide Web - The Promising Factor
In the age of digitalization, most consumers are deeply influenced by the internet. They
fail to accumulate loyal emotions for any particular brand. The availability of excess
information on the web helps a consumer to compare and contrast among a wide range
of factors before buying a product.
Programs of Direct Purchase:
This program is a method which allows the consumer to purchase stocks in a company
first hand, i.e. directly from Whitakers Chocolates ltd. without any broker fees or any
kind of commission, the customers are aided an advantage.
Customer Relationship Management:
The principles, guidelines and practices being followed by Whitakers Chocolates ltd. to
interact with it consumers is referred to as ‘Customer Relationship Management’ or
CRM. The building blocks of CRM include Whitakers Chocolates ltd.’s official website,
emails, mass mailings, telephone calls and social media interaction.
Customer Information File:
7
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As opined by Lewis (2004, p. 289) an electronic or physical file storing all exclusive
information (personal and account info) of a consumer is known as ‘Customer
Information File’ or CIF. The profiles of such sensitive information must be secured to
maintain secrecy and accuracy of such sensitive data.
Transferable Points Program:
The transferable point program enables customers to use the points earned by using
credit cards to be transferred and used in any other program they are participating in.
Tailored Advertising:
With the rise of internet, tailored advertising has become more widely used strategy.
This involves issuing coupons for particular products or services (Keh and Lee, 2006, p.
129). This is based on purchases made in the past using datas to deliver a message on
advertising to particular segments of market or campaigns designed to run in particular
areas.
1.5 Presentation of a Gantt Chart with respect to research
specification
Activities First
Week
Second
Week
Third
Week
Fourth
Week
Fifth
Week
Sixth
Week
Selection of the topic
Collection of
secondary data
Literature review
Selection of research
technique
Collection of primary
data
8
information (personal and account info) of a consumer is known as ‘Customer
Information File’ or CIF. The profiles of such sensitive information must be secured to
maintain secrecy and accuracy of such sensitive data.
Transferable Points Program:
The transferable point program enables customers to use the points earned by using
credit cards to be transferred and used in any other program they are participating in.
Tailored Advertising:
With the rise of internet, tailored advertising has become more widely used strategy.
This involves issuing coupons for particular products or services (Keh and Lee, 2006, p.
129). This is based on purchases made in the past using datas to deliver a message on
advertising to particular segments of market or campaigns designed to run in particular
areas.
1.5 Presentation of a Gantt Chart with respect to research
specification
Activities First
Week
Second
Week
Third
Week
Fourth
Week
Fifth
Week
Sixth
Week
Selection of the topic
Collection of
secondary data
Literature review
Selection of research
technique
Collection of primary
data
8
Data analysis and
findings
Developing
conclusion
Formation of draft
Submission of final
work
Table 1: Gantt Chart
(Source: Created by the author)
9
findings
Developing
conclusion
Formation of draft
Submission of final
work
Table 1: Gantt Chart
(Source: Created by the author)
9
Task 2
2.1: Role of research resources and the relationship between the
research resources and research questions and hypothesis
In respect to develop effective results I have different resources such as human,
financial and physical. With the help of these resources, I can develop my results and
performances in successful aspect. Therefore, aims and objectives can be attain in the
positive manner. Selected resources are carried through books, journals and many
other articles so that it would be beneficial to make clear objectives and goals.
Aim of the research proposal
The main aim of the study is to recognize the benefits of the process of producing loyal
customers on the Whitakers Chocolates ltd. The impacts of loyal customers on the
market of the company are also a major factor of the company. The research study also
provides a brief knowledge about the activities followed by the company to satisfy their
customers continuously.
Objectives of the research proposal
The main objectives of the research proposal are as follows:
A) To identify the activities which are adopted by the Whitakers Chocolate Ltd for
producing some loyal customers in the market.
B) To analyze the importance of producing loyal customers in the market.
C) To understand the issues faced by the Whitakers Chocolate ltd to produce the loyal
customers in the market?
D) To identify the solutions of the issues faced by the company in the process of
producing some loyal customers.
E) To determine the advantages are being got by the Whitakers Chocolate ltd of the
process of producing loyal customers in the market.
F) To recognize the response of the customers towards the products of the Whitakers
after the adoption of the activities in the company.
10
2.1: Role of research resources and the relationship between the
research resources and research questions and hypothesis
In respect to develop effective results I have different resources such as human,
financial and physical. With the help of these resources, I can develop my results and
performances in successful aspect. Therefore, aims and objectives can be attain in the
positive manner. Selected resources are carried through books, journals and many
other articles so that it would be beneficial to make clear objectives and goals.
Aim of the research proposal
The main aim of the study is to recognize the benefits of the process of producing loyal
customers on the Whitakers Chocolates ltd. The impacts of loyal customers on the
market of the company are also a major factor of the company. The research study also
provides a brief knowledge about the activities followed by the company to satisfy their
customers continuously.
Objectives of the research proposal
The main objectives of the research proposal are as follows:
A) To identify the activities which are adopted by the Whitakers Chocolate Ltd for
producing some loyal customers in the market.
B) To analyze the importance of producing loyal customers in the market.
C) To understand the issues faced by the Whitakers Chocolate ltd to produce the loyal
customers in the market?
D) To identify the solutions of the issues faced by the company in the process of
producing some loyal customers.
E) To determine the advantages are being got by the Whitakers Chocolate ltd of the
process of producing loyal customers in the market.
F) To recognize the response of the customers towards the products of the Whitakers
after the adoption of the activities in the company.
10
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Research Hypothesis
H0: The effectiveness of the process of producing loyal customers for the company.
H1: The negative impact of the process of producing loyal customers on the Company.
Research questions:
A) What are the strategies followed by the Whitakers Chocolate ltd to produce some
loyal customers in the market?
B) How the strategies help the Whitakers chocolate company to produce leyal
customers in the market?
C) What are the impacts of the loyal customers on the Whitakers Chocolate ltd?
D) What are the factors that help to evaluate the strategies of producing loyal
customers in the market?
E) What are the changes made in the Whitakers Chocolate ltd after producing the loyal
customers in the market?
Research resources
The research a resource is the sources of information that help to complete the
research proposal in an efficient manner. There are two types of resources can be used
in this research proposal the first one is primary resources and secondary resources. In
the primary resource the information are collected from the audiences directly but in the
secondary resources the information are collected from the Journals, magazines,
newspapers, websites etc.
Relationship between the research resources and research question or
hypothesis:
There is a deep relationship between the research resources and research questions or
hypothesis. The major relationship is the sources of information depend on the type of
question required in the research proposal. The research questions or hypothesis of the
research proposal provide the objectives for the selection of research resources.
2.2: Required ‘Questionnaire’ to collect data for the research proposal
Data collection method- Data collection method provides the information about the
process of the collection of data which are relevant for the research proposal. The
11
H0: The effectiveness of the process of producing loyal customers for the company.
H1: The negative impact of the process of producing loyal customers on the Company.
Research questions:
A) What are the strategies followed by the Whitakers Chocolate ltd to produce some
loyal customers in the market?
B) How the strategies help the Whitakers chocolate company to produce leyal
customers in the market?
C) What are the impacts of the loyal customers on the Whitakers Chocolate ltd?
D) What are the factors that help to evaluate the strategies of producing loyal
customers in the market?
E) What are the changes made in the Whitakers Chocolate ltd after producing the loyal
customers in the market?
Research resources
The research a resource is the sources of information that help to complete the
research proposal in an efficient manner. There are two types of resources can be used
in this research proposal the first one is primary resources and secondary resources. In
the primary resource the information are collected from the audiences directly but in the
secondary resources the information are collected from the Journals, magazines,
newspapers, websites etc.
Relationship between the research resources and research question or
hypothesis:
There is a deep relationship between the research resources and research questions or
hypothesis. The major relationship is the sources of information depend on the type of
question required in the research proposal. The research questions or hypothesis of the
research proposal provide the objectives for the selection of research resources.
2.2: Required ‘Questionnaire’ to collect data for the research proposal
Data collection method- Data collection method provides the information about the
process of the collection of data which are relevant for the research proposal. The
11
research proposal can use two types of data collection method the first one is
Qualitative data collection method and the other one is Quantitative data collection
method.
Qualitative Data Collection: (2 managers)
These types of data collected from the case study, historical research and interview.
These data are descriptive in nature and provide important information about the
research topic in details. For the collection of these types of data the researcher take
interview of two managers of the Whitakers Chocolate ltd.
Quantitative Data Collection: (20 customers)
This types of data are collected by using different mathematical tools and statistical
analysis. The researcher uses some questionnaire and asks the questions to the 20
customers of the company.
Questionnaire
For qualitative (2 questions)
Question 1: What is the role of loyal customers in Whitakers Chocolate Ltd?
Question 2: What are the activities followed by the Whitakers Chocolate Ltd for
producing loyal customers in the market?
For quantitative (6 questions)
Question 1: How long you have been customer of Whitakers Chocolate Ltd?
Question 2: How the Chocolate products of the Whitakers satisfy your requirements?
Question 3: How do you agree that the reward process plays a vital role for producing
loyal customers?
Question 4: How far do you agree that reward process help the company to retain the
loyal customers?
Question 5: How far do you agree that the process of producing loyal customers help
the company to handle the grievances?
Question 6: What are factors that help the Whitalers to increase the number loyal
customers in the market?
Question 7: How are you satisfy with products and services quality of Whitalers?
Question 8: What is most important factor to increase profitability and productivity of
Whitalers?
12
Qualitative data collection method and the other one is Quantitative data collection
method.
Qualitative Data Collection: (2 managers)
These types of data collected from the case study, historical research and interview.
These data are descriptive in nature and provide important information about the
research topic in details. For the collection of these types of data the researcher take
interview of two managers of the Whitakers Chocolate ltd.
Quantitative Data Collection: (20 customers)
This types of data are collected by using different mathematical tools and statistical
analysis. The researcher uses some questionnaire and asks the questions to the 20
customers of the company.
Questionnaire
For qualitative (2 questions)
Question 1: What is the role of loyal customers in Whitakers Chocolate Ltd?
Question 2: What are the activities followed by the Whitakers Chocolate Ltd for
producing loyal customers in the market?
For quantitative (6 questions)
Question 1: How long you have been customer of Whitakers Chocolate Ltd?
Question 2: How the Chocolate products of the Whitakers satisfy your requirements?
Question 3: How do you agree that the reward process plays a vital role for producing
loyal customers?
Question 4: How far do you agree that reward process help the company to retain the
loyal customers?
Question 5: How far do you agree that the process of producing loyal customers help
the company to handle the grievances?
Question 6: What are factors that help the Whitalers to increase the number loyal
customers in the market?
Question 7: How are you satisfy with products and services quality of Whitalers?
Question 8: What is most important factor to increase profitability and productivity of
Whitalers?
12
Question 9: Digital marketing is useful method to enhance productivity in business
enterprise?
Question 10:Do you agree online selling of products and services is the best way to
promote organizational performances?
2.3: Presentation of the collect data from the research project by
using the graph and table
Quantitative data analysis:
Question 1) How long you have been customer of Whitakers Chocolate Ltd?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
3 months 2 20 10%
6 months 7 20 35%
1 year 6 20 30%
More than 1 year 5 20 25%
Table 2: Retention period of the customers
13
enterprise?
Question 10:Do you agree online selling of products and services is the best way to
promote organizational performances?
2.3: Presentation of the collect data from the research project by
using the graph and table
Quantitative data analysis:
Question 1) How long you have been customer of Whitakers Chocolate Ltd?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
3 months 2 20 10%
6 months 7 20 35%
1 year 6 20 30%
More than 1 year 5 20 25%
Table 2: Retention period of the customers
13
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Figurer1: Retention period of the customers
Question 2) How the Chocolate products of the Whitakers satisfy your
requirements?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Excellent 6 20 30%
Good 4 20 20%
Average 7 20 35%
Marginal 3 20 15%
Table 3: Satisfaction level of the customers
14
Question 2) How the Chocolate products of the Whitakers satisfy your
requirements?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Excellent 6 20 30%
Good 4 20 20%
Average 7 20 35%
Marginal 3 20 15%
Table 3: Satisfaction level of the customers
14
Figure 2: Satisfaction level of the customers
Question 3) How do you agree that the reward process plays a vital role for
producing loyal customers?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Excellent 5 20 25%
Good 4 20 20%
Average 6 20 30%
Marginal 5 20 25%
Table 4: Measure the performance of reward process
15
Question 3) How do you agree that the reward process plays a vital role for
producing loyal customers?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Excellent 5 20 25%
Good 4 20 20%
Average 6 20 30%
Marginal 5 20 25%
Table 4: Measure the performance of reward process
15
Figure 3: Measure the performance of reward process
Question 4) How far do you agree that reward process help the company to
retain the loyal customers?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Strongly agree 6 20 30%
Agree 5 20 25%
Neutral 5 20 25%
Disagree 4 20 20%
Table 5: The retention of the customers through the reward process
16
Question 4) How far do you agree that reward process help the company to
retain the loyal customers?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Strongly agree 6 20 30%
Agree 5 20 25%
Neutral 5 20 25%
Disagree 4 20 20%
Table 5: The retention of the customers through the reward process
16
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Figure 4: The retention of the customers through the reward process
17
17
Question 5) How far do you satisfy that the process of producing loyal customers
help the company to handle the grievances?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Strong trustworthy 6 20 30%
Trustworthy 7 20 35%
Neutral 4 20 20%
Not trustworthy 3 20 15%
Table 6: Handling the grievances level of the customers
Figure 5: Handling the grievances level of the customers
Question 6) what are factors that help the Whitalers to increase the number loyal
customers in the market?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Quality of the Chocolates 7 20 35%
Marketing strategies 3 20 15%
Pricing strategies 4 20 20%
Customer services 6 20 30%
Table 7: Factors that increase the number of loyal customers
18
help the company to handle the grievances?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Strong trustworthy 6 20 30%
Trustworthy 7 20 35%
Neutral 4 20 20%
Not trustworthy 3 20 15%
Table 6: Handling the grievances level of the customers
Figure 5: Handling the grievances level of the customers
Question 6) what are factors that help the Whitalers to increase the number loyal
customers in the market?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Quality of the Chocolates 7 20 35%
Marketing strategies 3 20 15%
Pricing strategies 4 20 20%
Customer services 6 20 30%
Table 7: Factors that increase the number of loyal customers
18
Figure 6: Factors that increase the number of loyal customers
Question 7: How are you satisfy with products and services quality of Whitalers?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Highly satisfied 7 20 35%
Satisfied 5 20 25%
Neutral 4 20 20%
Dissatisfied 2 20 10%
Highly dissatisfied 2 20 10%
19
Question 7: How are you satisfy with products and services quality of Whitalers?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Highly satisfied 7 20 35%
Satisfied 5 20 25%
Neutral 4 20 20%
Dissatisfied 2 20 10%
Highly dissatisfied 2 20 10%
19
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Question 8: What is most important factor to increase profitability and productivity of
Whitalers?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Quality of the Chocolates 10 20 50%
Pricing factor 6 20 30%
Services provided by the
organization
4 20 20%
Question 9: Digital marketing is useful method to enhance productivity in business
enterprise?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Yes 11 20 55%
No 6 20 30%
Can’t say 3 20 15%
20
Whitalers?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Quality of the Chocolates 10 20 50%
Pricing factor 6 20 30%
Services provided by the
organization
4 20 20%
Question 9: Digital marketing is useful method to enhance productivity in business
enterprise?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Yes 11 20 55%
No 6 20 30%
Can’t say 3 20 15%
20
Question 10: Do you agree online selling of products and services is the best way to
promote organizational performances?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Yes 15 20 75%
No 3 20 15%
Can’t say 2 20 10%
Qualitative data analysis:
21
promote organizational performances?
Options Number of respondents Total respondents % of respondents
Yes 15 20 75%
No 3 20 15%
Can’t say 2 20 10%
Qualitative data analysis:
21
Question 1: What is the role of loyal customers in Whitakers Chocolate Ltd?
According to the 1st manager the loyal customers played a vital role for the success of
the company. The loyalty of the customers helps the company to run the business
activities for the last 128 years. The loyal customers also help the company for
generating new customers in the market for the company (Lantos 2015, p.263).
According to the 2nd manager the loyal customers not only generate new customers
but also provide some relevant informations about the changes of the consumers
behavior and demand (Park et al.2014, P.265). The information helps the company to
develop some new products according to the demand of the customers. These new
products help the company to satisfy the requirements of new customers in the
company.
Question 2: What are the activities followed by the Whitakers Chocolate Ltd for
producing loyal customers in the market?
According to the 1st manager Company always try to maintain the standards of the
quality of the products of the company (Segev et al. 2014, p.1585). The continuous
application of feedback process helps the company to know about the opinions of the
customers about the quality of the products. The feedback also provides some relevant
information about the change in the taste and preferences of the customers (Hultman et
al. 2015, p. 2230). The development of new products helps the company to meet the
new requirements of the customers and improve the quality of the products. The
development of new products and the improvement of the existing products help the
company to produce some new loyal customers in the market.
According to the 2nd manager the customer services of the company also help the to
improve the number of loyal customers (Das, 2014, p. 289). The efficient employees of
the customer service departments not only recognize the issues faced by the company
but also provide some efficient solutions to the company to solve such issues of the
customers.
22
According to the 1st manager the loyal customers played a vital role for the success of
the company. The loyalty of the customers helps the company to run the business
activities for the last 128 years. The loyal customers also help the company for
generating new customers in the market for the company (Lantos 2015, p.263).
According to the 2nd manager the loyal customers not only generate new customers
but also provide some relevant informations about the changes of the consumers
behavior and demand (Park et al.2014, P.265). The information helps the company to
develop some new products according to the demand of the customers. These new
products help the company to satisfy the requirements of new customers in the
company.
Question 2: What are the activities followed by the Whitakers Chocolate Ltd for
producing loyal customers in the market?
According to the 1st manager Company always try to maintain the standards of the
quality of the products of the company (Segev et al. 2014, p.1585). The continuous
application of feedback process helps the company to know about the opinions of the
customers about the quality of the products. The feedback also provides some relevant
information about the change in the taste and preferences of the customers (Hultman et
al. 2015, p. 2230). The development of new products helps the company to meet the
new requirements of the customers and improve the quality of the products. The
development of new products and the improvement of the existing products help the
company to produce some new loyal customers in the market.
According to the 2nd manager the customer services of the company also help the to
improve the number of loyal customers (Das, 2014, p. 289). The efficient employees of
the customer service departments not only recognize the issues faced by the company
but also provide some efficient solutions to the company to solve such issues of the
customers.
22
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Task 3: The process of interpret and analyze the results of the
research proposal
3.1: Application of research evaluation techniques to evaluate the
results
Research Philosophy:
The application of the research philosophy in the research proposal helps the
researcher to recognize and understand the topic of the research proposal in an
efficient manner. The application of research philosophy depends on the nature of the
topic used in the research proposal (Heitz-Spahn, 2013, p.575). There are three types
of research philosophy can be used in the research proposal such as positivism, post
positivism and realism. The researcher use the post positivism research philosophy to
interpret the models, backgrounds and theories associated with the topic of the
research proposal.
Research approach: The application of research approach in the research proposal
helps the researcher to develop a format for the topic of the research. There are two
types of research approach can be applied in the research proposal the first approach
is deductive approach and the second approach is inductive approach (Gursoy et al.
2017, p.810). The researcher selects the research approach based on the availability of
the information about the topic of the research proposal. The inductive approach helps
the researcher to develop some new models and theories about the topic of the
research proposal. On the other hand the deductive approach helps the researchers to
collect some relevant information about the implementation and application of the topic
in the practical activities of the company (Aksoy et al. 2014. P.40). The main objective
of the selection of the deductive approach in the research proposal is to interpret the
models and theories in details associated with the topic by using the data analysis
process.
Research design: The research design helps the researcher to explain the topic of the
research proposal in details to the audience. The researcher can complete the
research proposal with the help of the three types of research design such as
23
research proposal
3.1: Application of research evaluation techniques to evaluate the
results
Research Philosophy:
The application of the research philosophy in the research proposal helps the
researcher to recognize and understand the topic of the research proposal in an
efficient manner. The application of research philosophy depends on the nature of the
topic used in the research proposal (Heitz-Spahn, 2013, p.575). There are three types
of research philosophy can be used in the research proposal such as positivism, post
positivism and realism. The researcher use the post positivism research philosophy to
interpret the models, backgrounds and theories associated with the topic of the
research proposal.
Research approach: The application of research approach in the research proposal
helps the researcher to develop a format for the topic of the research. There are two
types of research approach can be applied in the research proposal the first approach
is deductive approach and the second approach is inductive approach (Gursoy et al.
2017, p.810). The researcher selects the research approach based on the availability of
the information about the topic of the research proposal. The inductive approach helps
the researcher to develop some new models and theories about the topic of the
research proposal. On the other hand the deductive approach helps the researchers to
collect some relevant information about the implementation and application of the topic
in the practical activities of the company (Aksoy et al. 2014. P.40). The main objective
of the selection of the deductive approach in the research proposal is to interpret the
models and theories in details associated with the topic by using the data analysis
process.
Research design: The research design helps the researcher to explain the topic of the
research proposal in details to the audience. The researcher can complete the
research proposal with the help of the three types of research design such as
23
descriptive, explanatory and exploratory. The descriptive research design help the
researcher to identify the issues associated with the topic properly. It also help the
researcher to explain and describe the topic. The explanatory research design provide
attention on the questions arise about the topic of the research proposal. The
Exploratory research design helps the researcher to define the topic of the research
proposal properly. It also provides some important information about the topic that help
the other researchers in the further research about it.
3.2: Interpretation and analysis of the research topic by using the
frequency and percentage
Interpretation of the outcomes from the quantitative questions (6 questions)
Question 1: How long you have been customer of Whittaker's Chocolate Ltd?
Interpretation: 55% of the participant customers are being the customers of the
company for one year and they want to be the loyal customers of the company for a
long period of time because companies can sale high quality chocolate products at a
lower price than the other companies in the industry.
Question 2: How the Chocolate products of the Whitakers satisfy your requirements?
Interpretation: 50% of the participants customers are satisfy with the quality of the
chocolate products of the company. The use of new technologies and production
process in the production activity not only increase the quality of the chocolates but also
increase the taste of the chocolate which plays a vital role to satisfy the customers.
Question 3: How do you agree that the reward process plays a vital role for producing
loyal customers?
Interpretation: 45% participant customers are happy with the reward process of the
company and they want to be the loyal customers of the Whitakers for a long period of
time. The reward process of the company is working as a motivation for the customers
to be the loyal customers of the company for a long period of time.
Question 4: How far do you agree that reward process help the company to retain the
loyal customers?
24
researcher to identify the issues associated with the topic properly. It also help the
researcher to explain and describe the topic. The explanatory research design provide
attention on the questions arise about the topic of the research proposal. The
Exploratory research design helps the researcher to define the topic of the research
proposal properly. It also provides some important information about the topic that help
the other researchers in the further research about it.
3.2: Interpretation and analysis of the research topic by using the
frequency and percentage
Interpretation of the outcomes from the quantitative questions (6 questions)
Question 1: How long you have been customer of Whittaker's Chocolate Ltd?
Interpretation: 55% of the participant customers are being the customers of the
company for one year and they want to be the loyal customers of the company for a
long period of time because companies can sale high quality chocolate products at a
lower price than the other companies in the industry.
Question 2: How the Chocolate products of the Whitakers satisfy your requirements?
Interpretation: 50% of the participants customers are satisfy with the quality of the
chocolate products of the company. The use of new technologies and production
process in the production activity not only increase the quality of the chocolates but also
increase the taste of the chocolate which plays a vital role to satisfy the customers.
Question 3: How do you agree that the reward process plays a vital role for producing
loyal customers?
Interpretation: 45% participant customers are happy with the reward process of the
company and they want to be the loyal customers of the Whitakers for a long period of
time. The reward process of the company is working as a motivation for the customers
to be the loyal customers of the company for a long period of time.
Question 4: How far do you agree that reward process help the company to retain the
loyal customers?
24
Interpretation: 30% and 25% of the participant customers in the research proposal are
agreed that the process of producing loyal customers adopted by the company not only
produce new loyal customers but also increase the loyalty of the existing customers.
The main reason of such outcome in the research proposal is the meeting of the
requirements of the new customers improves the quality of the existing products.
Question 5: How far do you agree that the process of producing loyal customers help
the company to handle the grievances?
Interpretation: 30% and 35% of the participant customers are thick that the process of
producing loyal customers is trustworthy for handling the grievances of the customers.
The main reason of such outcome is that the company can collect the information about
the requirements and demand of the customers through the process of producing loyal
customers. At the similar time the customers also provide their opinions about the
quality and issues associated with the products.
Question 6: What are factors that help the Whitakers to increase the number loyal
customers in the market?
Interpretation: Among the all above factors the quality of the chocolates played an
important role to increase the number of the loyal customers. 35% customers of the
company turn into loyal customers for the quality of the products. 20% of the participant
customers are turn into loyal customer for the pricing strategies of the company. The
company has to improve their marketing strategies because only 15% participant
customers are turned into loyal customers for the marketing strategies of the company.
Question 7: How are you satisfy with products and services quality of Whitalers?
Interpretation: From the graph of this theme, it can be stated that there are 7 people
highly satisfied from the quality of the organization products and services. Furthermore,
there are 5 respondents only satisfied by the products and services. There are 4 people
that are neutral about quality of products and services within the enterprise.
Question 8: What is most important factor to increase profitability and productivity of
Whitalers?
Interpretation: These outcomes determines that quality of chocolates is major factor
that enhance profitability and productivity of the enterprise. Furthermore, there are 6
persons stated that pricing of the product and service assist to attract customer at
25
agreed that the process of producing loyal customers adopted by the company not only
produce new loyal customers but also increase the loyalty of the existing customers.
The main reason of such outcome in the research proposal is the meeting of the
requirements of the new customers improves the quality of the existing products.
Question 5: How far do you agree that the process of producing loyal customers help
the company to handle the grievances?
Interpretation: 30% and 35% of the participant customers are thick that the process of
producing loyal customers is trustworthy for handling the grievances of the customers.
The main reason of such outcome is that the company can collect the information about
the requirements and demand of the customers through the process of producing loyal
customers. At the similar time the customers also provide their opinions about the
quality and issues associated with the products.
Question 6: What are factors that help the Whitakers to increase the number loyal
customers in the market?
Interpretation: Among the all above factors the quality of the chocolates played an
important role to increase the number of the loyal customers. 35% customers of the
company turn into loyal customers for the quality of the products. 20% of the participant
customers are turn into loyal customer for the pricing strategies of the company. The
company has to improve their marketing strategies because only 15% participant
customers are turned into loyal customers for the marketing strategies of the company.
Question 7: How are you satisfy with products and services quality of Whitalers?
Interpretation: From the graph of this theme, it can be stated that there are 7 people
highly satisfied from the quality of the organization products and services. Furthermore,
there are 5 respondents only satisfied by the products and services. There are 4 people
that are neutral about quality of products and services within the enterprise.
Question 8: What is most important factor to increase profitability and productivity of
Whitalers?
Interpretation: These outcomes determines that quality of chocolates is major factor
that enhance profitability and productivity of the enterprise. Furthermore, there are 6
persons stated that pricing of the product and service assist to attract customer at
25
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workplace of Whitalers. However, 4 people said that services provided by the business
is main factor to produce effective results.
Question 9: Digital marketing is useful method to enhance productivity in business
enterprise?
Interpretation: As per this aspect, it can be stated that 11 people favor to use digital
marketing at workplace to produce effective results. Furthermore, 6 persons stated that
there is no effective use of digital marketing so that it create impact on the
performances of Whitalers. Remaining 3 people are not provide any view on this topic
to enhance productive results.
Question 10:Do you agree online selling of products and services is the best way to
promote organizational performances?
Interpretation: As per this graph, it can be stated that 15 people said that online selling
is the best way to promote results in effective manner. Furthermore, 3 people said that it
is no useful at workplace. However, remaining 2 people said that there is no use of
online promotion at Whitalers.
3.3: Recommendations of different areas for the further research
Recommendations
The future researchers can use the following recommendations for the further research
about the topic. The application of following recommendations in the further not only
improves the quality but also increase the efficiency the research proposal. The
recommendations are as follows:
A) The further researcher can collect some information about the process of producing
loyal customers followed by the competitors of the company.
B) The further research can also use some analytical tools such as SWOT analysis,
PEST analysis to acquire information about the future of the company.
C) In the further research the researcher can increase number of participant customers
and managers during the research questionnaire part.
D) The number of the research questionnaires also can be increased by the future
researchers to collect some additional information about the topic.
26
is main factor to produce effective results.
Question 9: Digital marketing is useful method to enhance productivity in business
enterprise?
Interpretation: As per this aspect, it can be stated that 11 people favor to use digital
marketing at workplace to produce effective results. Furthermore, 6 persons stated that
there is no effective use of digital marketing so that it create impact on the
performances of Whitalers. Remaining 3 people are not provide any view on this topic
to enhance productive results.
Question 10:Do you agree online selling of products and services is the best way to
promote organizational performances?
Interpretation: As per this graph, it can be stated that 15 people said that online selling
is the best way to promote results in effective manner. Furthermore, 3 people said that it
is no useful at workplace. However, remaining 2 people said that there is no use of
online promotion at Whitalers.
3.3: Recommendations of different areas for the further research
Recommendations
The future researchers can use the following recommendations for the further research
about the topic. The application of following recommendations in the further not only
improves the quality but also increase the efficiency the research proposal. The
recommendations are as follows:
A) The further researcher can collect some information about the process of producing
loyal customers followed by the competitors of the company.
B) The further research can also use some analytical tools such as SWOT analysis,
PEST analysis to acquire information about the future of the company.
C) In the further research the researcher can increase number of participant customers
and managers during the research questionnaire part.
D) The number of the research questionnaires also can be increased by the future
researchers to collect some additional information about the topic.
26
E) The researchers can use other techniques and tools to interpret the models and
theories associated with the topic of the research proposal.
In addition to provide recommendations, there are several another topic can also
determine for further research programs. Other research topics are as follows:
To identify factors that promote or inhibit customer loyalty in retail sector business.
To analysis customer preference in business in order to enhance sales and revenue.
To identify perception of customer towards products and services in business enterprise.
Task 4: The presentation of the result and recommendations of the
result
4.1: Recommendations through a proper media
To: The director of Whitalers
From: XYZ
Date: 24th July 2017
Subject: Analysis findings and recommendation for future research
With the help of this research, following findings are ascertain that assists to
carry further study in future:
Theme 1
27
theories associated with the topic of the research proposal.
In addition to provide recommendations, there are several another topic can also
determine for further research programs. Other research topics are as follows:
To identify factors that promote or inhibit customer loyalty in retail sector business.
To analysis customer preference in business in order to enhance sales and revenue.
To identify perception of customer towards products and services in business enterprise.
Task 4: The presentation of the result and recommendations of the
result
4.1: Recommendations through a proper media
To: The director of Whitalers
From: XYZ
Date: 24th July 2017
Subject: Analysis findings and recommendation for future research
With the help of this research, following findings are ascertain that assists to
carry further study in future:
Theme 1
27
Theme 2
Theme 3
28
Theme 3
28
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Theme 4
Theme 5
29
Theme 5
29
Theme 6
Theme 7
30
Theme 7
30
Theme 8
Theme 9
31
Theme 9
31
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Theme 10
The researcher can use some appropriate media and format to present the outcome of
the research proposal to the audiences. The appropriate use of media and format to
present the outcome of the results help the researcher to educate the audience about
the use of research topic in the practical situation. The researcher can present outcome
of the research to a small group of people or the researcher can use an auditorium to
provide the information about the outcome to a large number of people. The
presentation of the outcome of the research proposal provides some new opportunities
32
The researcher can use some appropriate media and format to present the outcome of
the research proposal to the audiences. The appropriate use of media and format to
present the outcome of the results help the researcher to educate the audience about
the use of research topic in the practical situation. The researcher can present outcome
of the research to a small group of people or the researcher can use an auditorium to
provide the information about the outcome to a large number of people. The
presentation of the outcome of the research proposal provides some new opportunities
32
to the researcher if the research topic helps the audiences to solve the practical
problems. The feedback from the audience helps the researcher to determine the
loophole of the research proposal. The recovery of the loopholes of the research
proposal not only improves the quality but also the increase the knowledge of the
researcher about the project.
Conclusion
The application of rewards process in the organisations to increase the number of loyal
customers in the market is discussed throughout the entire research proposal. The
organisations can use the reward process to increase the number of loyal customers in
the company. The above research proposal also provides some recommendations to
the company about the process of increase the number of the loyal customers. The
reward process can motivate the existing and new customers to be loyal to the
company for the long period of time.
33
problems. The feedback from the audience helps the researcher to determine the
loophole of the research proposal. The recovery of the loopholes of the research
proposal not only improves the quality but also the increase the knowledge of the
researcher about the project.
Conclusion
The application of rewards process in the organisations to increase the number of loyal
customers in the market is discussed throughout the entire research proposal. The
organisations can use the reward process to increase the number of loyal customers in
the company. The above research proposal also provides some recommendations to
the company about the process of increase the number of the loyal customers. The
reward process can motivate the existing and new customers to be loyal to the
company for the long period of time.
33
Bibliography:
Aksoy, L., Keiningham, T.L. and Oliver, R.L., 2014. Loyalty: its many sources and
variations. Handbook of Service Marketing Research, Edward Elgar Publishing,
Cheltenham, pp.37-51.
Anderson, P.M. and He, X., 2015. Consumer behavior in East/West cultures:
Implications for marketing a consumer durable. In Proceedings of the 1996 Multicultural
Marketing Conference (pp. 3-8). Springer International Publishing.
Chernev, A., Böckenholt, U., & Goodman, J. (2015). Choice overload: A conceptual
review and meta-analysis. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 25 (2), 333-358.
Claiborne, C.B. and Sirgy, M.J., 2015. Self-image congruence as a model of consumer
attitude formation and behavior: A conceptual review and guide for future research.
In Proceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual
Conference (pp. 1-7). Springer International Publishing.
Das, G., 2014. Linkages of retailer awareness, retailer association, retailer perceived
quality and retailer loyalty with purchase intention: a study of Indian food retail
brands. Journal of Retailing and Consumer services, 21(3), pp.284-292.
Gursoy, D., S. Chen, J. and G. Chi, C., 2014. Theoretical examination of destination
loyalty formation. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(5),
pp.809-827.
Heitz-Spahn, S., 2013. Cross-channel free-riding consumer behavior in a multichannel
environment: An investigation of shopping motives, sociodemographics and product
categories. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 20(6), pp.570-578.
Howard, J.A., 1994. Buyer behavior in marketing strategy (2nd ed., pp. 41-48). Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
34
Aksoy, L., Keiningham, T.L. and Oliver, R.L., 2014. Loyalty: its many sources and
variations. Handbook of Service Marketing Research, Edward Elgar Publishing,
Cheltenham, pp.37-51.
Anderson, P.M. and He, X., 2015. Consumer behavior in East/West cultures:
Implications for marketing a consumer durable. In Proceedings of the 1996 Multicultural
Marketing Conference (pp. 3-8). Springer International Publishing.
Chernev, A., Böckenholt, U., & Goodman, J. (2015). Choice overload: A conceptual
review and meta-analysis. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 25 (2), 333-358.
Claiborne, C.B. and Sirgy, M.J., 2015. Self-image congruence as a model of consumer
attitude formation and behavior: A conceptual review and guide for future research.
In Proceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual
Conference (pp. 1-7). Springer International Publishing.
Das, G., 2014. Linkages of retailer awareness, retailer association, retailer perceived
quality and retailer loyalty with purchase intention: a study of Indian food retail
brands. Journal of Retailing and Consumer services, 21(3), pp.284-292.
Gursoy, D., S. Chen, J. and G. Chi, C., 2014. Theoretical examination of destination
loyalty formation. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(5),
pp.809-827.
Heitz-Spahn, S., 2013. Cross-channel free-riding consumer behavior in a multichannel
environment: An investigation of shopping motives, sociodemographics and product
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34
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Hultman, M., Skarmeas, D., Oghazi, P. and Beheshti, H.M., 2015. Achieving tourist
loyalty through destination personality, satisfaction, and identification. Journal of
Business Research, 68(11), pp.2227-2231.
Kardes, F., Cronley, M. and Cline, T., 2014. Consumer behavior. Cengage Learning.
Keh, H.T. and Lee, Y.H., 2006. Do reward programs build loyalty for services?: The
moderating effect of satisfaction on type and timing of rewards. Journal of retailing,
82(2), pp.127-136.
Lantos, G.P., 2015. Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications for marketing
managers. Routledge.
Lewis, M., 2004. The influence of loyalty programs and short-term promotions on
customer retention. Journal of marketing research, 41(3), pp.281-292.
Park, J.G., Park, K. and Lee, J., 2014. A firm's post-adoption behavior: loyalty or
switching costs?. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 114(2), pp.258-275.
Peter, J.P., Olson, J.C. and Grunert, K.G., 1999. Consumer behavior and marketing
strategy (pp. 122-123). London: McGraw-Hill.
Segev, S., Ruvio, A., Shoham, A. and Velan, D., 2014. Acculturation and consumer
loyalty among immigrants: a cross-national study. European Journal of
Marketing, 48(9/10), pp.1579-1599.
Solomon, M.R., 2014. Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being (Vol. 10).
Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Sparks, B.A., Perkins, H.E. and Buckley, R., 2013. Online travel reviews as persuasive
communication: The effects of content type, source, and certification logos on consumer
behavior. Tourism Management, 39, pp.1-9.
Uncles, M.D., Dowling, G.R. and Hammond, K., 2003. Customer loyalty and customer
loyalty programs. Journal of consumer marketing, 20(4), pp.294-316.
Wirtz, J., Mattila, A.S. and Oo Lwin, M., 2007. How effective are loyalty reward
programs in driving share of wallet?. Journal of service Research, 9(4), pp.327-334.
35
loyalty through destination personality, satisfaction, and identification. Journal of
Business Research, 68(11), pp.2227-2231.
Kardes, F., Cronley, M. and Cline, T., 2014. Consumer behavior. Cengage Learning.
Keh, H.T. and Lee, Y.H., 2006. Do reward programs build loyalty for services?: The
moderating effect of satisfaction on type and timing of rewards. Journal of retailing,
82(2), pp.127-136.
Lantos, G.P., 2015. Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications for marketing
managers. Routledge.
Lewis, M., 2004. The influence of loyalty programs and short-term promotions on
customer retention. Journal of marketing research, 41(3), pp.281-292.
Park, J.G., Park, K. and Lee, J., 2014. A firm's post-adoption behavior: loyalty or
switching costs?. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 114(2), pp.258-275.
Peter, J.P., Olson, J.C. and Grunert, K.G., 1999. Consumer behavior and marketing
strategy (pp. 122-123). London: McGraw-Hill.
Segev, S., Ruvio, A., Shoham, A. and Velan, D., 2014. Acculturation and consumer
loyalty among immigrants: a cross-national study. European Journal of
Marketing, 48(9/10), pp.1579-1599.
Solomon, M.R., 2014. Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being (Vol. 10).
Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Sparks, B.A., Perkins, H.E. and Buckley, R., 2013. Online travel reviews as persuasive
communication: The effects of content type, source, and certification logos on consumer
behavior. Tourism Management, 39, pp.1-9.
Uncles, M.D., Dowling, G.R. and Hammond, K., 2003. Customer loyalty and customer
loyalty programs. Journal of consumer marketing, 20(4), pp.294-316.
Wirtz, J., Mattila, A.S. and Oo Lwin, M., 2007. How effective are loyalty reward
programs in driving share of wallet?. Journal of service Research, 9(4), pp.327-334.
35
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