Networking Basics LAN Architecture Report 2022

Networking Basics
LAN Architecture
8/26/2019

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
OSI Model.......................................................................................................................................3
Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP......................................................................................................6
Protocols for each layer of OSI model............................................................................................7
Comparative analysis of Media Types............................................................................................9
Summary........................................................................................................................................10
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
References......................................................................................................................................12
1

Introduction
The LAN is a combination of multiple devices that are connected internally with the help of
some medium and this medium can be a wired or a wireless connection. In the wired connection,
network cables are used to connect different LAN devices with NIC or Network Interface Card.
In this report, a new LAN architecture will be designed in order to renovate the School of
Electronic and Electrical Engineering. There has been a partial renovation done and now there is
a requirement of wireless connectivity in every floor. This report will also discuss the OSI
architecture for the new connectivity and the comparison with TCP/IP will also be done. The
working of the protocols will be discussed along with a comparative analysis for the
connectivity.
2

OSI Model
Interoperability
Open System Interconnection or OSI model is a conceptual model that is used to define and
providing the standards of the functioning of the computing as well as telecommunication
systems. The main objective of the OSI is achieving the Interoperability by the usage of the
standards by using various communication methods.
History
OSI model was introduced in late 1970’s and it was developed by ISO or International
Organisations for Standardization. Majority of communication or network devices could not
communicate and work together as there was no set of protocols nor any common standards.
That is why ISO decided to define different networking standards by which the equipments of
networking and telecommunication from various vendors can work together and will be more
compatible with each other.
Functionality of OSI
There are seven networking layers in the model of OSI and they are also interdependent. Every
layer present in that model is given service by its below layer and this below layer will serve its
above layer. A proper visualization is given below:
 7th Layer (Application Layer)
This is the seventh layer of OSI and it is familiar with the name of application layer. This
layer supports the various processes for the use of end-users or different application that
will be used by School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering [1]. Some of the tasks
like user authentication, privacy, services and data syntax happen in this layer.
 6th Layer (Presentation layer)
This layer is also known as Syntax layer that usually converts the data in a readable form
that the application layer can understand. Proper formatting along with data encryption
are done and sent to the entire network.
 5th Layer (Session Layer)
3