Operations Management and Tourism

This assignment delves into the realm of operations management within the tourism industry, examining key concepts such as sustainable logistics and supply chain management, disaster relief routing, and field vehicle fleet management. It draws from a range of research papers and case studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of these topics, including practical applications in call center operations, project management, and turnaround shutdown management.

Tour Operations
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 The effects of current and recent trends and developments on the tour operators industry..1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Assessing the stages and timescale involved in developing holidays...................................3
2.2 Various methods for contracting for several components of the holiday and tour operator.4
2.3 Calculating selling price of holiday from given data............................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Evaluating planning decisions taken for design of selected brochure..................................6
3.2 Alternatives to traditional brochures for different tour operators ........................................7
3.3 Suitable methods of distribution used to sell a holiday for different types of tour operator.8
TASK 4 ...........................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Evaluation of strategic decisions made by different types of tour operator.........................9
4.2 Comparison of tactical decision taken by tour operator we in different situations.............10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Tourist play a most important role in economy of country for providing appropriate
growth and various opportunity as well. In it various organisations and government bodies
provides their contribution to build appropriate values easily. In this process tour operator play
their own role to provides effective packages according to customer's demand and their ability to
pay exact amount easily. They are working to provides effective and charismatic experience
from a appropriate destination. This project report is based on Trail-finders which is a largest
travel company in UK. The organisation was founded in the year of 1970 by Mike Gooley. They
operate 29 travel centres in UK and three in Ireland. The other company is Kuoni travel which is
also a tourist operator organisation. This company was founded in the year of 1906 by Alfred
Kuoni. These both organization's are deals in Charter and schedule, passenger airline, package
holidays and with hotels and reports as well (Barratt, 2011). This project report is includes
effects of current and recent trend on tour operation industry and some stages in developing
holidays. Secondly it includes calculation of selling price of a holiday from appropriate
information as well. At last it includes strategic decision made by different type of tour operator
and a compression between tactical decision which is selected by tour operator as well.
TASK 1
1.1 The effects of current and recent trends and developments on the tour operators industry
Tour and travel is a only fast growing industry which landscape its structure by
providing appropriate growth in economy as well. These kind of things help to maintain effective
income in country as well in economy to build own image easily. For tourist government and
other local authority provides various facilities to build trust in customers mind easily. There are
different kind of tourists are available in a country who have different motives toward the visit.
Inbound tour operators – They are kind of personality who visit their country by their
own choices, specific reason and motive. It includes international visitors and tourist. For them
government and local bodies build some specific guide and organisation to provide them specific
information easily (Cook, 2014).
Outbound tour operators – They are the kind of personalities who visit country to
country for getting different experience easily. For them government build specific authority to
providing specific information, ideas and facilities as well.
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Domestic visitors – They are the localities who visit their own city and place to reduce
stress and spend quality time with each other. For them local tour operators provides appropriate
services and facility to fulfil their need accurately.
All these kind of operators are providing effective services to clients and visitors. They
are work to follow different kind of trend. In it organisation has lots of expenses on a limit
amount of income. It can be occur when firm has strong competition in market as well as they
don't have a strong relation with their tourists. There are Individual changes which Trail-finders
have to understand as a tour operator to providing effective and appropriate services such as -
Change trends in holidays: for tourist it is very important to build effective services
according to different kind of trends on holiday packages. For them various trends build
appropriate and effective services to getting development and growth. Many tourist wants to get
suitable holidays to visit all the places easily and utilize their money and vacation time period
appropriately. Through this they can easily frame values of different location and destination as
well (Dietz, 2011).
Environmental awareness: Business environment are divides into two different aspect
such s internal and external. These both factors are directly affect on decision making approach
of business. For a firm it is very important to determine external environmental factors properly
because they affect all policy and procedures directly. All the tourist and customers wants to
make different changes according to technological and social cultural to getting higher benefits
easily. For this, organisation can build appropriate services to providing higher satisfaction to to
their consumers and all individuals.
Competition: This is a another important factor that affects tourism industry easily.
Travel sector is faster growing service industry which is build higher competition in tourism
market. For this travel industry can easily build effective services through technological and
social changes as well. Trail-finders is a largest tour operator organisation of UK, so for them it
is very important to determine all competitor organisation of market to providing higher and
beneficial services easily. It is maintain appropriate and positive aspect toward tourist and
customers as well (Evans and Campbell, 2012).
Travel and tourism industry made various and positive changes according to different
trend, fashion and environmental changes. As per this report Trail-finders needs to build their
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activities for grabbing various advantages from sustainable market fro long time and specific
purpose.
TASK 2
2.1 Assessing the stages and timescale involved in developing holidays
It is very important for tour operator industry to determine appropriate market research to
providing effective services to target market and customers as well. For a tourist organisation it
is very important to reduce conflict from their company that can take lots of time to solve by
situational tourists. Sometimes different things create problem for organisation at a particular
time. This belongings can be very small but they consume full time of employees. For this
providing facility and time management which is very important to expend business structure.
Trail-finders is tourism industry which is creates various packages according to tourist and their
holidays or facilities. For a organisation such as tour operator, it is very important to understand
tourist's aspect and their demand to deal with them for a specific time period. Fro them it is very
important to build suitable and appropriate context to perform in competitive market easily -
Market research: This is a kind of research in which organisation's get higher research
of market to getting information about tourist and their demand. This is effective and efficient for
clients and customers as well. For this user need to provide effective services to their customers
and tourist to build higher trust easily. They can easily determine good market and its value to
command easily and deliver appropriate package. For this local authorities and companies need
to build a market research in those areas where number of customers increase easily to visit.
Planning and scheduling: Strategy of firm render inability to ambit the goal of
enterprise plan. These can be for new objectives, technological changes and customers and
tourist demand etc. A commercial enterprise is always starts with many hazard of market and
business such as investors, stakeholders and competitive tourist firm as well. But these are make
them strong to achieve success with different strategy (Grant, 2017).
Forecasting: This process is all about providing quality services to tourist according to
their demand. For them it is very important to utilize all holidays and money that they spend in
trips as well. Advertising is only source which can easily provide brief information about
organisation's and their services for various type of tourist and their motives. In this process
administration need to have multi tasking because it is very important to reduce conflict from
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their company that can take lots of time to solve. Sometimes multi tasking things create problem
to solve them at a particular time. This things can be very small but they consume full time of
employees. For this work contribution and time management is very important.
Negotiation: This is a kind of process in which organisation build values and profit
according to their visitors. In it they both are build appropriate relation with each other to getting
higher benefits easily. In it they can easily build higher values from each and every one to getting
appropriate growth easily.
2.2 Various methods for contracting for several components of the holiday and tour operator
Tourist play most important role in tourism sector to provides higher benefit in a country
and its economy too. For them all the businesses organisation's build appropriate strategy to
provide them higher satisfaction easily. These thinks build various opportunity in a economy to
get higher benefits easily. A tourism organisation need to understand their visitor need and their
motive to come at a location. Such as Students and researcher comet to get proper information
about a place to get higher and effective services as well.
For them it is very important to utilize their holidays and money to getting appropriate
information easily. Trail-finders is a tour operator organisation so for them it is very important to
build appropriate strategy to getting higher success easily. For this they can easily classify
groups of tourist according to their motive and demand as well. It will easy for them to
providing effective services according to their need. This contract help to build appropriate
relation and commitment with customer and visitors (Gus, 2012).
Trail-finders can easily provide appropriate services to their tourist for getting services
and profit. As per other visitors come to get adventures experience form different places top visit
and some other tourist come to spend quality time with their family an friends as well. For this
company need to build accurate services according yo customers choice and their demand to
getting appropriate benefits easily. There are different kinds of contract get evaluated which have
to realize by supplier and company user stated as follow:
Fixed Contracts – These type of service are providing to tourist for bounding some time
period to getting effective services easily. They are based on some fixed assessment that are
based according to trenchant work casually. Different kind of timers, visitors fixed their service
supplier whom plan every travelling package for consumer. Trail-finders have to supply quality
based services to such radical so that they get bidding from them on daily basis (Hoyos, 2015).
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Sale Only Contract - These type of contracts are usually based on effective kind of
services which is based on appropriate services. These render normally pleading high prices and
their cost of volume is also high in nature (Guo and He, 2012). Therefore, sale only a bridge
which is starts with eventual timings as well as start with selling of work and its services as well..
Trail-finders do not necessity to get sale only declaration provider as they want to maximise
profit and deliver best and effective services at befitting rate in order to pull vast range of
visitors.
2.3 Calculating selling price of holiday from given data
For tourist organisation it is very important to provide effective and appropriate price to
their tourist to getting various services easily. Tourist are the important element for a company so
it is always works to provide them beat services according to their demands. All tourist
organisations are established to provide satisfaction to their visitors as well as earn a goodwill
and revenue easily. In this process negotiation play a most important role to reduce money
according to customer's demand and their ability as well. The proper anticipation for this react is
Hilton of 96 euros per individual for twin room (2 adults sharing) with breakfast. The rate of 48
seater luxury coach is £12300 and which includes two drivers, a tour manager, fuel and ferry
taxes. Prices of tour guide is £950. as per this, company manager add marking up with 33%
with dealing price of £1.23 per £1.5. There is a specific knowledge of cost and selling prices are
given below -
Cost of rooms as per individual 90.67
Cost of luxury coach per seat 335.33
Allocation of local guide cost per person 372.6
Total cost of tour before margin 798.6
Add: Profit margin 284.19
Selling price per person of tour after
margin 1082.79
These kind of services are very useful for organisation to providing appropriate range and
services to customers easily. It is build trust n facilitating things easily to getting higher self-
satisfaction of them properly. It is change them to getting higher benefit by various services that
they provide to their customers (Kerzner, 2011).
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Fixed Cost – These are the kind of cost which is fixed according to different variables. It
determine with some fixed elements that can help to provides higher business advantages easily.
Trail-finders need to provide higher amount of services to their customers on fixed cost that help
to build their trust easily. It is essential to provide higher quality of services at some exact
amount to improve mindset toward specific approach.
Variable cost – These are kind of negotiation in which organisation offers values to
customers that can be changeable according to their capacity and willingness. Trail-finders can
use these kind of services things to attract customers toward pricing and services. Company
needs to determine these cost in effectual mode so they can get advantage for delivering quality
based services to all visitors of an organisation.
Profit margin- These ate the kind of things which is use to earn higher profit easily in
organisation. It is very helpful for them to understand demand of customer toward the
organisation and particular location as well (Cook, 2014).
TASK 3
3.1 Evaluating planning decisions taken for design of selected brochure
Designing of broacher is very important for a business travel organisation to providing
appropriate information about the their offers and services. In this marketing division works to
get analysis of target market and for providing various information to their company for getting
effective an appropriate advantages easily. As per this report Kuoni is a leading travel and
tourism service provider company who mainly focused on creating awareness about their luxury
holiday package to all visitors and tourist as well. So for them it is very important to use
appropriate technique and tool fort promotion activities. There are various kind of planning
process are determine which helps to design promotion activity effectively are as follows -
Research for planning: This is a important division of a system in which various
employees are working to getting appropriate information about target market. Through this they
analyse what are the demand for visitors and tourist toward holidays ans packages that they can
easily a afford. After this they design appropriate packages and strategy to attract them easily
toward organisation and their services as well. It is very important for Kuoni to get proper
information about market and tourist fro serve different quality of services and getting higher
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competitor advantages easily. It is help to build luxury holiday package in affordable price to
attract visitors and getting higher success or growth easily (Dietz, 2011).
Supplier: They are various tourism organisations which provide quality services in
affordable price according to visitors demand and need as well. Through this process they attract
more and more tourist toward their firm and its services as well. For this company need to build
effective strategy and planning to providing appropriate services and getting higher business
success easily. Suppliers play a most important role to providing specific services to their
customers and visitors. For them to is very important to understand quality of services that
visitors want from organisation and particular place.
Negotiation: this is play most important role in tourism sector to getting higher business
success easily. In this, employees of firm and tourist both are comes to a specific amount that
will be helpful for both of them. It is useful for both of them to getting higher benefits easily.
Employees of organisation getting effective amount from quality services that they provide to
customers and visitors pay affordable amount which keeps them happy. These thing help to build
relation between both of them for long time. It is used of sacrificing amount for both of them in
which they deals for no loss and no profit margin as well (Evans, 2012).
Admin: They are owner of these trip who provide quality services to tourist. They build
specific strategy for tourist to providing specific services easily. These owner are quality
provider who serve facilities to them such as Hotels, resort, information, food and
accommodation as well. They always work to manage all business activities shortly and more
accurately for their tourist and visitors. Admin always understand what are demands of visitors
for specific place and location as well so they build appropriate strategy for them to providing
effective services easily.
Marketing: for a business organisation it is very important to understand market values
and its demand from specific organisation. After this process they can easily build effective
strategy to get higher business advantages easily. In firm between all divisions marketing
department is work to gathering all information about market and customers needs to providing
effective services easily (Grant, 2013).
3.2 Alternatives to traditional brochures for different tour operators
These are known as proportional activities in which various organisation provides
different kind of information about their services according to tourist need and demand.
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Traditional broacher are uses by large scale organisations which can easily afford its expense for
providing effective information to tourist and guide as well. Tour operators organisation need to
use specific content in their broacher to provide specific information to all tourist and tour proper
as well. In new generation these kind of things make effective impact on visitors and local
authoritative to get various offers its details and other information easily. In this process new
technology play a most important role to build specify services for visitors to get all information
according to their own budget. There are some other sources and its informations are given
below such as-
Video – These are the kind of things which help to provide specific information to tourist
by visual audio and video. Visual memory impact very last on customers memory. In this
process you tube and other things play a most impotent role to provide effective information to
clients by upload videos on social networking sites. These things are very appropriate for
inbound, outbound and domestic visitors as well. Making video and publishing them on different
websites are regarded as expensive transaction and must be formed properly by travel agents and
managers (Khairat, 2017).
Internet – This is a only source which help to build visibility with customer by direct
and effective source of digital promotions that helps them to prepared their business to an wider
area for clients. It is a best sources of marketing and promotion to attract most of the people in
world spend most of their tine on internet. It includes online booking to providing cashback and
discount has minimise use of traditional booking for providing appropriate information easily.
3.3 Suitable methods of distribution used to sell a holiday for different types of tour operator
These kind of things help to build effective communication with customers directly to
providing them specific information according to their own demand and need as well. It help to
gain better results and outcome through effective and appropriate profit and growth. Kuoni is a
largest travel and tourist operator organisation which use various systematic methods effectively
for serving their holiday packages to outbound and inbound customers. These all are determine
below -
Direct selling – This is most common source which is help to directly deal with
customers easily. In this process employees play most important role to intact with direct visitors
and other tourist guide to provide them higher information about different services that
organisation want to provide to their customers. These kind of things help them to provide
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various option that helps tourist to choose one effective according to their own capability and
desire to pay and get (Lenahan, 2011).
Call centres – these are calling associations of organisation who work to providing
effective services to customers according to their demand and need. In it visitors can easily get
specific information about different organisation's facility and their offers to choose one best by
their own choice. This is a kind of telephonic services providers in which employees of firm
communicate effectively with tourist and provide information about their services. This is very
simple and easy process in which touristy and visitors can easily gather information of different
location by a telephonic call (Luis, 2012).
Internet – In new era internet provide vast information to world wide customers easily.
In this process various organisation's are make their own website in which they provides specific
content to their customers according to their own demand. Internet help to build specific
visibility between clients and organisation. These kind of sources help to build effective
communication easily which help to grab overall information by own demand and need.
TASK 4
4.1 Evaluation of strategic decisions made by different types of tour operator
Strategic decisions are made for different kind of tourist and their need or motive to
attract them easily. Through this various tour operators help to provide effective services to
visitors according to their demand and motive as well. Some organisations are build effective
and impactful strategy to get higher and long term benefits easily. Organisations are divide these
tourist in different types like some are inbound, outbound and domestic visitors to deal in both
so as their strategies. They all are determine below -
Inbound tour operators – They are the kind of tourist who visit their own country for
some reasons and motives. They getting all facilities within their own country through different
travel operators who deal with inbound tourism practices as they use medium term planning
rather than long term planning. Their need and demand are very specific because they only want
to visit particular location and area to get effective and cherisher experience easily.
Outbound tour operator – They are kind of tourist who want to visit various countries
by their own choice and demand to get specify experience. Sometimes these kind of things are
for their own motive and desire to get experience of various countries easily. For these type of
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visitors it is very important to get accurate information of several countries, its law, culture and
social life to live there and spend some time easily. For them some major companies who are
liable for development in economic conditions of a country and its political, social and
environmental things as well.
4.2 Comparison of tactical decision taken by tour operator we in different situations.
Tour operator organisation make effective and appropriate decision for various tour
operators to provide them specific information and packagers easily. In this process different
kind of operators play various role to providing different services easily. Various department of a
organisation play appropriate role in taking part of management activities of organisation. A
tourism sector is divided in various department and they each are play different role in
appropriate manner (Martinez, 2011).
Marketing division of organisation help to gather specific information of market and
tourist need to provide them quality services easily. In this process they play a most important
role to serve effective services easily.
Management department of organisation help to build different services for tourist
according to their demand. They also prepare various package for them to attract easily toward
business services and its quality packages.
Manager and senior level help to build strategy and planning to implement various
activities easily in organisation. All these activities help to provide services to clients easily.
Employee and lower level of organisation are most important personalities who provide
effective services to their customers according to clients need and demand as well. Workforce
help to implement business strategy in effective manner (Moutinho, 2011).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded tour operation management is a business
process in which various tour operators organisations build strategy to get information about
tourist demand and their need from specific location. Through this process they providing
effective services to them for getting higher business advantages easily. Operational management
includes a appropriate process of planning, making, organising, monitoring , controlling and
getting profits as well. This project reports includes effects of current and recent trend on tour
operation industry and some stages in developing holidays and calculation of selling price of a
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holiday from appropriate information. In last this is consider strategic decision made by different
type of tour operator and a compression between tactical decision which is selected by tour
operator as well.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Barratt, M., Choi, T.Y. and Li, M., 2011. Qualitative case studies in operations management:
Trends, research outcomes, and future research implications. Journal of Operations
Management. 29(4). pp.329-342.
Cook, R. A., Hsu, C. H. and Marqua, J. J., 2014. Tourism: the business of hospitality and travel.
USA: Pearson.
Dietz, D. C., 2011. Practical scheduling for call center operations. Omega. 39(5). pp.550-557.
Evans, N., Stonehouse, G. and Campbell, D., 2012. Strategic management for travel and
tourism. Taylor & Francis.
Grant, D. B., Wong, C. Y. and Trautrims, A., 2017. Sustainable logistics and supply chain
management: principles and practices for sustainable operations and management.
Kogan Page Publishers.
Guo, X. and He, L., 2012. Tourism supply-chain coordination: The cooperation between tourism
hotel and tour operator. Tourism Economics. 18(6). pp.1361-1376.
Hoyos, M. C., Morales, R. S. and Akhavan-Tabatabaei, R., 2015. OR models with stochastic
components in disaster operations management: A literature survey. Computers &
Industrial Engineering. 82. pp.183-197.
Kerzner, H.Barratt, M., Choi, T.Y. and Li, M., 2011. Qualitative case studies in operations
management: Trends, research outcomes, and future research implications. Journal of
Operations Management. 29(4). pp.329-342.
Cook, R. A., Hsu, C. H. and Marqua, J. J., 2014. Tourism: the business of hospitality and travel.
USA: Pearson.
Dietz, D. C., 2011. Practical scheduling for call center operations. Omega. 39(5). pp.550-557.
Evans, N., Stonehouse, G. and Campbell, D., 2012. Strategic management for travel and
tourism. Taylor & Francis.
Grant, D. B, 2013. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and
controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Khairat, G. and Maher, A., 2017. Integrating sustainability into tour operator business: An
innovative approach in sustainable tourism. ARA: Revista de Investigación en Turismo.
2(2).
Lenahan, T., 2011. Turnaround, shutdown and outage management: Effective planning and step-
by-step execution of planned maintenance operations. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Luis, E., Dolinskaya, I. S. and Smilowitz, K. R., 2012. Disaster relief routing: Integrating
research and practice. Socio-economic planning sciences. 46(1). pp.88-97.
Martinez, A. J. P., Stapleton, O. and Van Wassenhove, L. N., 2011. Field vehicle fleet
management in humanitarian operations: a case-based approach. Journal of Operations
Management. 29(5). pp.404-421.
Moutinho, L. ed., 2011. Strategic management in tourism. Cabi.
Online
Tour Operations Management. 2014. [Online]. Available Through: <http://somo.co.ke/bachelor-
of-travel-and-tour-operations-management-at-moi-university-sm2-493.html> .
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