Asthma Patient: Symptoms, Triggers, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Nursing Strategies

Running Head: ASTHMA PATIENT
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2018

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Contents
Part one.................................................................................................................................................2
Part two.................................................................................................................................................5
Part three..............................................................................................................................................6
References.............................................................................................................................................9

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Part one
Acute severe asthma
Acute severe asthma can be described as the acute exacerbation of asthma that was
not cured with the standard treatments of corticosteroids and bronchodilators. These health
issues account for more than 60000 hospital admissions in the UK and nearly 250,000 deaths
worldwide annually. Some of the risk factors associated with this disease include poorly
controlled disease, improper medical management, negative behaviours, and social factors.
This health problem characterized by a chronic inflammation of airways which may leads to
wheeze, breathlessness, and cough. Acute asthma exacerbations are life-threatening.
(Sreenivas, Murthy, & Renuka, 2017).
Sign and symptoms
Some of the possible sign and symptoms associated with acute severe asthma are as follows
 Cough
 Breathlessness
 Wheezing sound
 Impossible to speak a whole sentence in a single breath
 Increased heart rate (110 beats/min or faster)
 Reduced levels of oxygen saturation (Sreenivas, Murthy, & Renuka, 2017).
Trigger factors
 Respiratory infections
 Severe stress
 Cold weather

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 Severe allergic reactions
 Air pollution
 Exposure to the chemicals and other irritants
 Smoking
 Living conditions
 The people with any type of asthma are at risk of developing status asthmaticus.
 Corn
 Paints
 Banana
 Drugs like NSAIDs
 Perfumes, house dust mite (Horak et al., 2016)
Pathogenesis
The clinical manifestation of the patient mentioned in the emergency department was
severe dyspnoea, inability to speak the full sentence in a single breath, SpO2 90 %,
respiratory rate, thirty-two breaths per minute, and pulse rate, 140 beats per minute, and
auscultation of the lungs. These manifestations of Mr Jackson are associated with the
pathogenesis of acute severe asthma. The pathogenesis of this health condition includes some
abnormal conditions like effect on airways, damage to epithelial, excessive secretion of
mucus, edema, bronchospasm, and remodeling or the airways. The general process of the
pathogenesis of acute severe asthmas includes the inflammation of asthma. The airways
obstruction was the main reason behind wheezing sound occurs when Mr Jackson breathing.
In the acute exacerbation of asthma, the obstruction and inflammation of airways become
worsen and becomes life-threatening. The people died due to exacerbation of asthma,
diagnosed with inflamed airways (Dunican, & Fahy, 2015). This function of respiratory