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(PDF) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

   

Added on  2021-04-21

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Running head: ATTENTION DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY DISORDERATTENTION DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY DISORDERName of the University-Name of the Student-Author Note-
(PDF) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)_1

2ATTENTION DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY DISORDERAttention Deficit and Hyperactive Disorder is a very common behavioral disorder inchildren. ADHD usually develops during the developmental period, that is, the preschool years;however the symptoms can be manifested fully or partially, throughout the lifetime. ADHD, asdefined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- 5th edition is a disorder inwhich individuals show a persistent manifestation of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity(American Psychiatric Association, 2013). DSM diagnostic categories-Symptoms of Inattention are-The person makes a lot of mistakes or is unable to give attention to detail.They usually find it difficult to sustain their attention in activities.They usually seem inattentive even when directly spoken to.They usually are unable to abide by instructions and therefore fail to finish the assignedtask in time.They often find it very difficult to organize activities and tasks.They tend to avoid or dislike tasks that require continuous attention or mental effort.Extraneous stimuli can distract them easily.They are usually forgetful of daily activities. Symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity are-They tend to fidget or tap with their hands or feet or squirm in their seats.They tend to leave their seats even in situations where it is expected to be seated.They usually run around in inappropriate situations. In case of adolescents, they usuallyfeel restless.They fail to play or enjoy their leisure time quietly.
(PDF) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)_2

3ATTENTION DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY DISORDERIt often seems like they are constantly “driven by a motor”They tend to talk excessively.They may blurt out answers even before the question is completed.They face difficulty in waiting for their turn patiently.They tend to intrude or interrupt others frequently. Causative factors or risk factors for the disorder-Temperamental factors- Certain temperaments like negative emotionality, effortfulcontrol, reduced inhibition, novelty seeking, are associated with ADHD and these traits inchildren might cause a predisposition towards ADHD, however, are not specific to this particulardisorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).Environmental factors- Children with low birth weight (lesser than 1.5-kilograms) have a two to three foldchance of having ADHD, however, most low birth weighted children do not developADHD at all.There exist some correlation between ADHD and pregnancy smoking.Certain aspects of diet are related to a minor portion of cases. Factors like exposure to lead, a history of child abuse, encephalitis, alcohol exposurewhile in the uterus, exposure to environmental toxicants while in the uterus, neglecttowards the child, numerous foster placements are correlated to ADHD in children,however, it is still not known if they are the causal factors or not (American PsychiatricAssociation, 2013).Genetic and physiological factors-
(PDF) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)_3

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