Auditing And Ethics | Assessment 1

Running head: AUDIT AND ETHICS
Auditing and Ethics
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s Note

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Table of Contents
Part 1................................................................................................................................................2
Materiality Principle in Audit......................................................................................................2
Draft Notes and Disclosures........................................................................................................4
Section 2......................................................................................................................................5
Analytical Procedures as a tool of Audit.....................................................................................5
Section 3..........................................................................................................................................9
Analysis of the Cash flow Statement...........................................................................................9
Analysis of Auditor’s Report.....................................................................................................10
Reference.......................................................................................................................................12

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Part 1
Principle of Materiality in Audit
The auditing process is considered to be a dynamic process which involves estimation
whether the annual report formulated by the top management is showing accurate view of
financial position for the period. The process of audit panning contains numerous segments, one
of the major aspect which is considered is materiality of the item or in other words how
important or significant is the item in the financial statements. The determination of materiality
is considered to be an important aspect and the same requires sound judgement on the part of the
auditor of the business. The assessment would be focusing on Treasury Wine Estates ltd which is
one of the leading wine producers and distributers in the country of Australia (Tweglobal.com.
2019). The annual report which would be considered for the purpose of audit would be that of
the current year.
The materiality concept in simple words reflect the significance of the elements reflected
in the financial reports and whether the same can be have an impact on the financial statement of
the business if the item is misstated (Carraher and Van Auken 2013). In terms of audit, the items
which are more repetitive in the financial statements are considered to be material. In a similar
manner figures which are intricate in nature are also deemed to be material for the business.
Likewise, any element which is of significant amount in the annual report of the business
(Christensen, Glover and Wood 2013). It is to be noted that materiality is two kinds which show
qualitative and quantitative estimates of materiality for the company. The elements which are
covered under qualitative materiality includes items such as sales, costs of sales, net profit while
quantitative materiality involves computation of planning materiality for assessing the
materiality of numerous items which are covered in the financial statement of the business.

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The computation of planning materiality is usually conducted at the planning stage of an
audit and it is a fact that panning materiality of the business is considered to be the base for
computing performance materiality of a business. The performance materiality is the standards
which the item should be reflecting to be material (Goh, Krishnan and Li 2013). The technique
which is used for computing planning materiality is by considering a value which is greater than
every other value in the financial statements and at the same time a percentage is considered. The
percentage which is taken would be set as per the auditor’s judgement. In order to estimate the
materiality for the business of Treasury wine ltd, the auditor considers total assets as the base as
the figure is the most significant in the balance sheet of the company (Eilifsen and Messier Jr
2014). The value of the total asset is shown in the balance sheet of the business and the same is
shown to be $ 5,445.7 million. The percentage is considered by the auditor on his own
judgement and also referring to the estimate which was taken by the past auditor. The percentage
which is considered for estimation is 2% and the materiality computation is shown in equation
below:
Planning Materiality=Percentage estimated ×Total Assets of the Company
¿ $ 5445.7 million ×2 %
¿ $ 108.914 million
Therefore, the planning materiality which should be considered by the auditor is shown
above and it is on the basis of the same, performance materiality for the business needs to be
computed.

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Notes to Accounts Explainations
The notes to accounts also forms part of the financial statement of the business and the
same also needs to be reviewed by the auditor so that the management of the company has
provided proper disclosures in the annual report regarding complex treatments for the company.
The notes to account contains key accounting standards, principles and treatments which are
used by the business and some of the important disclosures of the business are discussed below
in details:
 Intangible Assets: The intangible assets are demonstrated in balance sheet of a company
and important treatment relating to the same needs to be disclosed in the notes to
accounts section. Some of the intangible assets which is owned by the business of
Treasury Wine Estate are goodwill and rights of vineyards. Important treatments are
associated with intangible assets such as impairment and amortization which can have an
impact on the financial statement as a whole. The role of the auditor in such a case would
be to investigate whether the statements are accurately presented for intangible assets and
if the same is compliant with the accounting standard.
 Property, Plants and Equipment: The valuation of property, plant and equipment are
considered to be important treatment and the method which is used for valuing the assets
forms part of accounting policy of the business. In case of Treasury Wine Estate, the
main property of the business is the vineyards for which appropriate valuation needs to be
done and treatment for the same should also be demonstrated as notes to accounts in the
annual report (Todea, Joldos and Cioca 2013). The auditor needs to perform audit
procedures to check assertion of existence and completeness is met in a proper manner or
not while conducting audit procedure

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 Leases and Commitments: The lease and commitment which is taken by the business
are shown in the disclosures part of the financial statements and the same reflect the
leases which are taken during the current year. The auditor must verify the balances for
the leases and ensure that the same are genuine and are showing correct estimation. The
auditor can also confirm from external parties such as the lessor regarding the lease
amount and terms.
Section 2
Analytical Procedures as a tool of Audit
The application of analytical procedure is often done for identifying the key areas of
performance of the business and also to ensure that accuracy is maintained in the items which are
represented in the annual reports of the business. The use of key financial ratios is included in
compliance procedures of audit and the same is applied by a business and the same can
effectively reveal the performance of the business in terms of profitability, liquidity, solvency in
the business. Some of the key financial ratios which are computed are shown below:

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The above tables show the important ratios which is related to the business and the
analysis is done for the last four years considering from 2015. The current ratio and quick ratio
which forms part of the liquidity ratios of the business is presented as favorable but the same

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have declined from previous years which needs to be considered by the auditor as to the reason
for the decline. The net working capital which shows liquid position also shows a decline which
means that the liquidity position of the business has been slightly affected. The auditor needs to
check the current assets with special emphasis on debtors, cash and inventory balances of the
business.
The profitability ratios are considered to be important ratios and the same comprises of
net profit ratio and other margins related to profitability which is shown in the table above. There
has been significant increase in both net and gross profit margin which a favorable sign for the
business is (Delen, Kuzey and Uyar 2013). There has also been positive impact on the estimates
of returns from equity and assets. The auditor of the business needs to check the sales figure and
also check the cost of goods sold to ascertain all transactions are accurate. In such a case, the
auditor can apply vouching practices for getting a clear idea.
The asset management ratios reflect the ability of the business to appropriately use the
assets of the business for generating revenue. The auditor needs to ascertain whether the balances
which are shown are appropriate or not and whether the assets are properly valued or not. The
auditor in such a case can render some assistance from an expert in regards to valuation of asset
and the opinion of the expert would be considered to be final.
The leverage ratio which is represented in the table above is related to practices which are
adhered to by the management for maintain the capital structure of the business. The debt and
debt equity ratio of the business shows sudden increase from previous year which shows that the
management of the company has taken debts for restructuring the business’s capital structure.

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The auditor needs ascertain the balances of equity share capital and also the debt capital in order
to ensure that there is no material misstatement.
Section 3
Review of the Cash flow Statement
The cash flow statement is prepared by the business for reflecting the transactions which
results in cash inflow and outflow in the business. The transactions are divided into various
sources through which a business can generate cash or incur cash. The company’s cash flow
statement is presented below for 2018

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The business is able to generate more cash from operating activities than any other
activities and the same is shown to be $ 3263.6 million which shows a slight increase in cash
flow of the business and the main cash outflow for the business is the payments made to
suppliers of the company. The main cash flow associated with investing activities which is
shown is the purchase of property, plant and equipment which are used by the business for the
purpose of generating revenue for the business (Legoria, Melendrez and Reynolds 2013). This
shows that the business has purchased new assets which needs to be reviewed by the auditor of
the business. The main cash flow from financing activity of the business is the loan which is
taken by the business which indicates that changes have been made in the capital structure of the
business.
The going concern principle is one of the to be fundamental for formulation of the
financial statements of a business. This principle states that the business is looking forward to
continue the operations of the business without any stoppage in future. The annual report of
Treasury Wine Estates ltd shows significant improvements in profitability of the business and the
liquidity position of the business is also shown to be accurate. Further more the cash flow
statement formulated by the business is also showing accurate view of the financial strength
which shows that the business is operating well.
Analysis of Auditor’s Report
The opinion which is given by the auditor is that every transactions is appropriately
represented and appropriate treatments are also disclosed in the notes to account section of the
financial statements (Moroney and Trotman 2016). The annual reports also follow necessary
regulations of Corporation Act and is also compliant with relevant accounting standards. This is
the main reason that the auditor has provided unqualified audit report to the business.

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The key audit matters for the company which have been included in the annual report of
the business are related to inventories of the company which are completed and WIP and
therefore the auditor needs to apply appropriate judgement to ensure that the values are accurate.
The management of the company follows a practice of recording net sales when the wine
products are actually shipped off so that the same can reach the customers in time. This practice
is also included in key audit matter for the business.
Reference
Carraher, S. and Van Auken, H., 2013. The use of financial statements for decision making by
small firms. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 26(3), pp.323-336.
Christensen, B.E., Glover, S.M. and Wood, D.A., 2013. Extreme estimation uncertainty and
audit assurance. Current Issues in Auditing, 7(1), pp.P36-P42.
Delen, D., Kuzey, C. and Uyar, A., 2013. Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A
decision tree approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(10), pp.3970-3983.
Eilifsen, A. and Messier Jr, W.F., 2014. Materiality guidance of the major public accounting
firms. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 34(2), pp.3-26.

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Goh, B.W., Krishnan, J. and Li, D., 2013. Auditor reporting under Section 404: The association
between the internal control and going concern audit opinions. Contemporary Accounting
Research, 30(3), pp.970-995.
Griffin, J.B., 2014. The effects of uncertainty and disclosure on auditors' fair value materiality
decisions. Journal of Accounting Research, 52(5), pp.1165-1193.
Legoria, J., Melendrez, K.D. and Reynolds, J.K., 2013. Qualitative audit materiality and earnings
management. Review of Accounting Studies, 18(2), pp.414-442.
Moroney, R. and Trotman, K.T., 2016. Differences in Auditors' Materiality Assessments When
Auditing Financial Statements and Sustainability Reports. Contemporary Accounting
Research, 33(2), pp.551-575.
Todea, N., Joldos, A.M. and Cioca, I.C., 2013. Considerations Regarding Materiality Calculation
and Audit Risk in the Context of the Guidelines for Audit Quality. Anale. Seria Stiinte
Economice. Timisoara, 19, p.728.
Tweglobal.com. 2018. Annual Reports - Treasury Wine Estates . [online] Available at:
https://www.tweglobal.com/investors/annual-reports
William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016. Auditing and assurance services: A systematic
approach. McGraw-Hill Education.