Australian Identity in Nursing

Running head: AUSTRALIAN IDENTITY IN NURSING
Nursing
Student Name
University Name
Author Note

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Question 1:
The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) is a program of the Australian
Government that gives subsidized doctor prescribed medications to occupants of Australia,
just as certain foreign tourists secured by a Reciprocal Health Care Agreement (Mellish et al.,
2015). The PBS looks to guarantee that Australian occupants have moderate and dependable
access to a wide scope of fundamental medications. The PBS has confronted expanded
investigation as its expense has expanded. The plan accepts accountability for the expense of
medications to patients in the network setting instead of while in emergency clinic which is
the obligation of each state and domain. Together with Medicare the PBS is a key part of
social insurance for health in Australia (Paige et al., 2015). The Scheme is accessible to every
Australian inhabitant who hold a present Medicare card (Karanges et al., 2016). Foreign
guests from nations with which Australia has a Reciprocal Health Care Agreement (RHCA)
are additionally qualified to get to the Scheme. Australia as of now has RHCAs with the
United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Malta, Italy, Sweden, the Netherlands, Finland,
Norway, Belgium and Slovenia (Currie, Chiarella & Buckley, 2019). Occupants of these
nations must show their international IDs when holding up a remedy to demonstrate their
qualification or they can contact Department of Human Services (DHS) and get a Reciprocal
Health Care Agreement Card to demonstrate their qualification. Some guests except from the
above mentioned countries may not be qualified for this card (Hajati et al., 2018). Just those
qualified for the PBS will get sponsored drug and each time while the content of the drug is
presented to the medical specialist, it is important to produce the Medicare Card. Qualified
veterans may need to introduce their DVA card notwithstanding their Medicare card. Against
retroviral treatment for HIV disease is as of now accessible on the PBS through the Section
100 (Highly Specialized Drugs Program). Profoundly Specialized Drugs are prescriptions for
the treatment of interminable conditions, which, as a result of their clinical use or other

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uncommon highlights, are confined to supply to open and private emergency clinics
approaching proper expert offices (Pearson et al., 2015).
Question 2:
The Australian healthcare system has been identified as one of the superior systems in
Organizations for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Goodman, 2015).
However, there have been incidences where the system is put under immense pressure due to
regular changes and development in the needs of the healthcare and the patient like inequity
and costs. The policymakers in the federal and state governments have acknowledged the
needs of the patient and the strategies of how they can be involved in their healthcare. In
addition, they have also been able to redesign the mechanism related to funding such that a
greater mass of people have access to the technologically advancing healthcare for their
wellbeing prosperity (Christian Amos, Rahman & Mwangi Gathenya, 2016). The federal
health system of Australia had introduced Medicare which provided successful coverage to
the citizens and foreign nationals for the healthcare and relating to funds. The foreign
nationals belonging to countries which have an agreement of coverage with the Australian
government, are liable to be provided healthcare in Australia (Lopes, Almeida & Almada-
Lobo, 2015). The public hospitals under Medicare have been receiving payments from the
state and territories while there is also provision of direct payment to health professionals and
doctors.
In 2011, the states and territories in Australia have created a National Health Reform
Agreement in which it aimed to limit the sustainability of the healthcare system provided to
the public. Some features which were a part of the Health Reform Agreement involve
building an effective working relationship among the Commonwealth and the territories and
state (Price & Parkhill, 2015). It is under the responsibility of the territories and state to

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undertake the management of public hospitals effectively and provide appropriate and best
quality care to the patients. Moreover, the healthcare is needed to be transparent in the
funding policies with the public which have approached to obtain care and ensure effective
pricing of the treatment that is being needed by the patient for their medical condition (Dolan
et al., 2016). At the end, the health outcomes of the patient enrolled for care under the public
hospitals is to be ensured by the healthcare professionals and address the needs of the
community.
Question 3:
The temporary residents who are residing in Australia are not liable to be provided
with the treatment of anti-retroviral therapy with the same intensity than the permanent
residents (Petoumenos et al., 2015). The drugs that are designated to be administered to HIV
positive patients are often given to temporary residents at full cost because of their
ineligibility in Medicare. Hence, due to them being prohibited from the option of subsidizing
the treatment costs, they are often misled and do not receive the appropriate treatment on the
correct time. The temporary residents who have been diagnosed positive for HIV are
observed often to source their drugs from their country of origin rather than buy from
Australia. The cost of the drugs that have been bought by the HIV-positive individuals are
lesser than the ones which are available in Australia. However, the quality of the drug and the
generic form of the drug is compromised which is expected to be responsible for the adverse
health outcome of the patient (Gray et al., 2018). Ordering from their native countries often
create lapse in the duration of the treatment that is provided to the patient. Hence, it is ideal
for the patient to buy the drug from the country that are living in temporarily and get timely
treatment. The policymakers in the federal and state governments have acknowledged the
needs of the patient and the strategies of how they can be involved in their healthcare. In