Bariatric Surgery: Types, Benefits, and Effectiveness in Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

Running head: BARIATRIC SURGERY 1
Bariatric surgery
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BARIATRIC SURGERY 2
Introduction
Bariatric surgery is a procedure that aims at increasing weight loss. Weight loss can be
attained through bariatric surgery by decreasing the size of the stomach using a gastric band. It
can also be achieved by removing a segment of the stomach or by cutting and redirecting the
small intestine to a little stomach pouch also referred to as gastric bypass surgery. Studies
indicate that the operation reduces the mortality rate from an estimated 40% to 23% as well as
recovery from Diabetes Mellitus.
The effectiveness of Bariatric surgery in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.
Obesity is a severe persistent problem that has increased mortality rates from
cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, musculoskeletal diseases as well as diabetes
mellitus. The ever-rising prevalence of obesity has led to an increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Various treatment methods have been practiced including preventive measures such as
modification of diets and lifestyles, pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapy. However, the use
of these therapies has not been effective in ensuring long-term weight loss.
It is clear that Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment in guaranteeing permanent
weight loss. Research indicates that patients who have undergone the procedure have shown
approximately 83% reduction in the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Enhancement of the control
of blood sugar, diabetes remission and decreased use of antidiabetic medicines after the bariatric
procedure can be undertaken for an extended period and hence reducing morbidity rates (2, 4).

BARIATRIC SURGERY 3
Benefits from Bariatric Surgery
Diabetes mellitus is a long-term metabolic disease that is distinguished by increased
insulin resistance as well as the continued failure of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in
hyperglycemia. Since obesity is one of the significant risk factors that increase the occurrence
and continuance of type 2 diabetes, long-term weight management can help in the management
of Diabetes Mellitus. Bariatric surgery results in sustainable weight loss and the remission of
diabetes mellitus in the majority of the patients. Once the procedure is performed, the glycemic
control is put back by a mixture of necessary caloric intake reduction and increased insulin
secretion and sensitivity (1).
Research indicates that engaging in physical activities and proper diet reduces the
incidence of type 2 diabetes. Physical exercises also result in enhanced glucose homeostasis.
Bariatric surgery results in loss of more weight than other older methods of losing weight to an
estimated 25% of the overall body weight (3). Moreover, 87% of the individuals with diabetes
type 2 attain a healthier glucose control and require fewer antidiabetic medications. At least 78%
can achieve a normal glycemic control without using the antidiabetic medications. Both the
gastric bypass and restrictive procedures can result in the relaxing of the beta cells since their
production of insulin is reduced.