Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Running head: BIOMOLECULES
BIOMOLECULES
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1BIOMOLECULES
Carbohydrates
The basic units of carbohydrates are the
monosaccharaides or the sugars. These are
simultaneously made up of hexose and pentose
molecules with five or six carbon atoms
ultimately made up of carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen molecules
The three elements which make up the
carbohydrates are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
They are usually present in the 1:2:1 ratio. They
are considered as the building blocks of the
carbohydrates (Ingoldsson et al., 2015).
The three different carbohydrates in complex form important to the plants are
 Starch- It is the main constituent of pant tissue and a polysaccharide functioning as
a carbohydrate store and an important constituent of the human diet.
 Cellulose- It is the important structural component of plant cells and most important
organic polymer. It is a cell wall component of plant cells.
 Sucrose- It is a disaccharide which would be composed of fructose and glucose. It
is found naturally in plants from which table sugar is found (Wu et al., 2015).
The three different complex carbohydrates form for the animal cells are
 Lactose- It is a disaccharide found mainly in the mammal’s milk constituting a
galactose and a glucose molecule. Lactose is digestible in the presence of lactase a
human enzyme present after weaning.
 Glycogen- It is a multi-branched polysaccharide of glucose serving as a energy
form in fungi, animals and bacteria which represents the main storage form of
glucose in the body.
 Maltose-This disaccharide is formed of two molecules of glucose and joined with
(1-4) bond. It is an intermediate carbohydrate in intestinal digestion (Brown et al.,
2014).