1BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS Introduction This essay is going to discuss about the bio-psychosocial needs of MrBrown whom I met at my clinical placement who was a smoker and an obese person.He was going through a number of other changes that are affecting the bio-psychosocial demands of the patients. The psychosocial factors would worsen the condition of smoking related symptoms. Mr Brown lives alone and smokes daily. This essay will discuss about the various needs and demands of such persons who are hospitalized for a longer period (Zebrack et al 2017). Stress is an important indicator of health. The stress poses as a bad effect for her physical and mental health. Bio-psychosocial approach of a person emphasises on the importance of the human health and illness in full terms. The bio-psychosocial approach systematically considers psychological, social factors, biological ways and their manner of understanding health, healthcare delivery and illness (Adams and Turk 2018). There is a continuum of social factorsthatemphasisesonbiological,socialandpsychologicalfactors.Theproper implication of the social and the psychological approach needs the application of the relevant social sciences. Thus, in other words the basic elements in the treatment of the patient involves the social and natural sciences. Social and the psychological factors are not mere phenomenon they have scientific correlations along with biological correlations (Ho and Argáez 2017). In the bio-psychosocial the most valued aspect is the humanistic approach that involves the application of the scientific method to the psychological, biological and the social processes that are directly linked to the health of an individual (Karterud, Risør and Haavet 2015). The biomedical approach believes in taking the reductionist approach that involves understanding all the processes at their molecular or their cellular level whereas, the bio-psychosocial approach believes in recognizing different clinical scenarios at different point of view keeping in mind the demands of the patients (Wade and Halligan 2017). Thus,
2BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS for the application of the bio-psychosocial approach to the clinical practice, it is important that the clinicians should be able to recognize the fact that relationships are very central in the treatment of the patient. They should also keep in mind that self-awareness can be used as a diagnostic tool for curing the patients (Walton et al 2017). The healthcare personnel should also keep in mind that the patient should be treated with a multidimensional approach that involves social, psychological and biological domains of the patients. Discussion There is relation between the anatomy as well as the physiology of the patient that helps the nurses and the other healthcare professional in the treatment of the patients (Thomas and Thurston 2016). It helps in integrating the situations of the clinical cases along with the essential biological facts that helps in understanding the application of the anatomy and the physiology in healthcare. They help in making the detail analysis of the situation at the particular clinical setting (Wade and Halligan 2017). Bio-psychosocial model is an interdisciplinary model that specifiesthe various aspects of healthcare and disease models that can be related to the development of the human. This model is very much opposite to the biomedical approach that treats as per the cellular and the molecular level (Karterud, Risør and Haavet 2015). However, bio-psychosocial approach of treatment treats the patients as per the psychological and the social demands of the patients. Thus, there is a direct link between the uses of the bio-psychosocial approach of treatment. The development of the new model that gives the traditional approach to the treatment of the health and disease can be applied to the various patients who are currently under the biomedical approach of treatment (Walton et al 2017). The biomedical approach is the traditional approach of the clinical treatment it is the right time to expand the bio-psychosocial approach for the treatment of the patients those
3BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS who do not fit under the narrow frame of the biomedical model (Thomas and Thurston 2016). The bio-psychosocial approach implies that the thoughts, behaviours and the feelings might influence the physical state of any person. It is also against the theory that the biological factors are influence the disease and health in an individual and emphasized on the fact that the social and the psychological factors are equally important (Karterud, Risør and Haavet 2015). This is a much more realistic model as compared to the biomedical approach as it fits into the lifestyle of all the individuals living in any community or society as it comprises of the biological, social and the psychological factors (Wade and Halligan 2017). This model considers the patients as an individual and focuses on interviewing the person about the various needs of a person not only as a patient but also as a person with an individual personality (Adams and Turk 2018). This will thus, enable the clinicians to explore the various aspects of the patients that will help in the better analysis of the patients’ conditions and will thus ultimately help in the development of the right treatment plan for the individual patients (Lowenhoff et al, 2017). However, the model also faces certain criticisms that involve the lack of scientifically proven facts that are generally used for the treatment of any disease (Ho and Argáez 2017). There are a number of modern diseases that includes diabetes and heart diseases that need the psychological and the social factors for the complete treatment of the patients suffering from the disease (Adams and Turk 2018). The most commonbio-psychosocial illness is caused the extreme stress that is being rendered on the individuals. Now-a-days there are a number of factors like the environmental factors and other important factors that results in much demand from the individuals that exceeds their ability to cope (Thomas and Thurston 2016). These stress also generates a lot of physiological and psychological changes that results in certain diseases. Thus in order to examine he level of stress within the bio-psychosocial model it is very important to consider all these factors.At first the high blood pressure and muscle tension are the biological factors
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4BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS that are included within the bio-psychosocial factors (Thomas and Thurston 2016). The psychological factors are the risk behaviour that involves smoking, alcohol consumption along with coping mechanism along with the predisposition to anxiety and depression can be checked. Social factors also includes loneliness, lack of participation, unemployment and the effects of working for long hours in the office that renders the individual unsociable (Walton et al 2017). A lot of research is done that identifies the health risks associated with the different social conditions and the behaviours of the patients as it is related to high risk of behaviour. At an individual level, families play an important role in exerting the negative or positive influences on the health status of an individual (Ho and Argáez 2017).The bio-psychosocial interventionscan be achieved by the healthcarepersonnel by introducingthe various psychological and the social interventions only at the primary care level (Karterud, Risør and Haavet 2015). For instance, the general physicians and the doctors can apply the various psychological intervention in the lifestyle of an individual in order to avoid the need of any medical treatment. These approaches have far-reaching implications for the training of the doctors and the patients (Thomas and Thurston 2016). This would be very interesting to apply the model in any psychiatric hospital as there it is very important for the application of multi-disciplinary team that consists of the doctor, psychologist, psychiatric nurses and other staff workers (Zebrack et al 2016). Research has shown that the application of this model has been very effective as it results in proper addressing of all the needs of the patients as it helps to improve the quality of life and also the quality of care. This in turn results in increasing the positive patient outcome (Wade and Halligan 2017.). The bio-psychosocial teaching intervention might reduce the healthcare expenditure and also enhance the patient’s satisfaction. Another approach of bio-psychosocial approach involves the patient-centered approach (Walton et al 2017). It refers to a style of practice that
5BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS is oriented to the needs of the patients and the major components are interview and counselling.The bio-psychosocial approach also considers the patient centered care as it provides an insight into the biomedical and the psychosocial aspects in order to predict the patient’s condition and also to design the line of treatment (Wade and Halligan 2017). The bio-psychosocial approach also improves the patient satisfaction, reduce the malpractice, and also to improve the patient outcome. The idea of health and well-being is related to the state of complete well-being that comprises of social, physical and mental well-being (Thomas and Thurston 2016). This is very consistent with the bio-psychosocial model of health that considers the psychological, social and the physiological factors in health and illness and there interactions that can be applied to the treatment of the various treatment process (Karterud, Risør and Haavet 2015). It is very synonymous with the state of mental health that helps the patients to carry out the treatment process as the bio-psychosocial approach emphasises more towards the positive emotions, psychology, and the cultural aspects (Ho and Argáez 2017). There is a direct relation between the mental and the physical health as they are inextricably linked. This can be due to the physiological, psychological, behavioral and social model of health (Hanson 2017). The nature of this relation is two way and the mental health thus, influences the physical health and vice versa. The behavioral and the social risk factors that affect the physical and the mental health problems tend to overlap that makes it difficult to understand the fact that whether mental illness precedes the physical illness or vice versa (Gilbert 2019;Lowenhoff et al., 2017). Health promotion plays an important part in the primary health care as it is a way that can contribute to the well-being of all the individuals (Gravely et al, 2017). Earlier the main focus of the healthcare services was to treat and diagnose the patients (Froehlich and Schmitt
6BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS 2016). However, now it is very important to identify the risk factors that can cause the disease. This can be done by the various health promotion activities that include health campaignsandtheawarenessschemes.Electronicmodesofcommunication,training, education have a common place in the medical practices (Cheatle 2016). Thus for early recognition of the signs and the symptoms of a disease it is important to conduct and participate in health promotion schemes (Booth et al., 2017). There is a direct link between the physical and the psychological health of an individual that affects the various aspects of the individuals. This can impact the various life aspects of that individual and can even have a deep impact on the various psychological well- being of that individual (Caneiro, and Ng, 2016). Well-being is thus, a very positive outcome as it tells that people perceives their lives are going very well. Well-being is affected by the good living conditions that is very fundamental to the well-being (Brown et al., 2015).The quality of life is affected by the quality of relationships, positive emotions and resilience, realization of potential and their overall satisfaction about life. These factors thus decide that whether an individual is satisfied with their life or not. This can have a deep impact on the psychological side of the individual (Bennett, Rohleder and Sturmberg, 2018). Thus, well-being is very useful for the public health as it integrates mental health and the physical health of a body. It results in more holistic approach to prevent the diseases and promotes health (Babalola, Noel and White, 2017). It is also a very popular result for the measureofmorbidity,mortalityandthefinancialstatusof theindividual.Itisalso meaningful to the public as it affects the health of the individual involved (Agnafors et al. 2017). It also helps the policy makers to develop a common measure for developing the policy that will be able to track, measure or promote well-being that can be useful for a number of stakeholdersthatisinvolvedin thedisease healthpromotionanddisease prevention (Adams and Turk 2018).
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7BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS Conclusion Thus, the conclusion that can be drawn from the essay is that the bio-psychosocial needs are very integral for the overall development of the individual. This integrates with the various psychosocial, social and the biological factors for the proper treatment and the diagnosis of the patients. It is also related to the well-being of an individual that is integrated with the physical and mental health of that individual. This is also affected by the patient centered approach as well as the care of patients by emphasizing on the various aspects of the disease. The bio-psychosocial approach thus helps in recognizing the various factors that are integral part for an individual’s well-being.
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