BIOSCIENCE Assignment Details

This assignment involves completing Part A and submitting it as part of Assessment 2 (Part B). It aims to improve referencing skills, paraphrasing, and in-text citations. The task also covers the role of cholesterol, dietary recommendations for a healthy cardiovascular system, and essential nutrients like folate and iron. Additionally, it discusses the functions and consequences of nutrient deficiencies, including anaemia and its correction through diet.

Running Head: BIOSCIENCE
BIOSCIENCE
Name of Student
Institution affiliation
Student ID:

2BIOSCIENCE
Task 1- Feedback review on Part A
This activity is to be completed and submitted as part of Assessment 2 (Part B).This activity
should bring to your attention the importance of referencing and paraphrasing and help to
improve your marks awarded for Academic Style and Referencing.
Use your submitted Assessment 2(Part A) when considering the following questions. Please
highlight or underline your chosen answer.
a) Did you include in-text references in your answer and a reference list at the end?
a) Yes
b) No
b) What is the purpose of including in-text references and a reference list in an assessment?
a) Provide evidence for the source of the information
b) Allows information to be included without paraphrasing
c) Permits information to be directly copied without rewriting.
d)
c) What is the purpose of submitting your assessment through Turnitin?
a) Allows you to identify material that needs to be referenced
b) Allows you to identify material that needs to be paraphrased
c) Allows you to identify incorrect information that should be removed
d) Which of the following Turnitin similarity percentages best represents an assessment that
has been well paraphrased?
a) 80-95%
b) 50-60%
c) 10-30%

3BIOSCIENCE
Task 2- Short answer questions.
2 a. Why must the body’s temperature be regulated?
The temperature is regulated to control extreme cold or hot levels. Temperature
regulation is needed for body physiology; enzymes need an optimum temperature to function
effectively. Enzymes are denatured and inactived at high temperatures. In contrast, they
enzymes are inactivated in cold temperatures,therefore they cannot function (Elizabeth, 2018).
b. Describe the role the skin plays in body temperature regulation when the body is exposed
to hot and cold environmental conditions?
The skin has a layer below the epidermis known as the dermis. It consists of elastin,
collagen, and fibrilin. These are soft tissues that ensure the skin is flexible, and elastic In addition
to that, they ensure the skin is structurally firm and strong. The dermis has hair follicles, blood
vessels, sweat glands and oil glands. Therefore, it is involved in temperature regulation.
When the body temperature rises, blood vessels on the dermis layer dilate thus allow for
an increase in blood flow. This increases loss of heat from the body. In addition to that, sweat
glands release sweat to the surface of the skin, which evaporates and helps in loss of excess heat.
These changes in the skin stop when the body temperature lowers (Elizabeth, 2018).
The blood vessels narrow thus decrease flow of blood hence less heat is lost via the skin
in low temperatures. The sweat glands are inactivated; therefore, no sweat evaporation occurs.
Heat is conserved in the body thus facilitating temperature regulation (Elizabeth, 2018).

4BIOSCIENCE
3 a. What is the role of cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a vital component of cell membranes. In addition to that, it is used as a
component of the healing process. Furthermore, in the brain it is needed for normal brain
functioning. It is converted to bile salts in the liver and used in emulsification of fats (Rekha,
2011).
What is the role of (LDL) and (HDL) in transportation of cholesterol. How is it
relevant to cardiovascular system health?
Lipoproteins are blood proteins that transport cholesterol through the blood. The body
has two types of lipoproteins. The first is the low-density lipoproteins which is the bad
cholesterol. High levels of the LDL increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, the high levels
of LDL accumulate on the walls of blood vessels. Next, high levels of HDL (good cholesterol)
lowers the risk of contracting stroke and heart diseases. The HDL absorbs and carries cholesterol
back to the liver where it is broken down (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017).
b. What dietary recommendations should be made to individuals in order to ensure blood
cholesterol levels are optimal to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system?
Dietary recommendations for cholesterol include taking foods high in fibre content. The
foods reduce the “bad cholesterol.” Foods rich in soluble fibre are apples, kidney beans, barley,
prunes, and pears. Soluble fibres reduce amount of cholesterol in the blood stream (Rekha,
2011).

5BIOSCIENCE
Furthermore, avocadoes are sources of mono unsaturated fatty acids. A healthy diet needs
to have avocado that reduces low-density lipoproteins in people who are obese. A diet is healthy
when saturated fats in meats are replaced with monounsaturated fatty acids (Rekha, 2011).
4. a) Vitamin B9 (folate) and iron are examples of essential nutrients that are important for a
healthy body. For both Vitamin B9 and iron:
b. Name two food sources high in the nutrient
The kinds of green vegetables rich in folate are mustard leaves, spinach, seasonal saags,
and lettuce. Furthermore, broccoli offers a high level of folate. Meats such as kidney and liver
are good sources of folate and iron. Moreover, fruits as oranges, lemons and melons are good
sources (Michelle, 2017).
c. . Describe the functions of the nutrient in maintaining good health for pregnant and non-
pregnant individuals.
Iron and folate are needed for the healthy growth of an embryo in pregnant women.
Furthermore, they are important to the mother and baby. They are both essential for blood
formation. Iron is an important component of the red blood cells. During pregnancy, folate is
essential in formation of new cells, cell protection and DNA synthesis. Non-pregnant women
need folate and iron for the prevention of cancer and heart diseases. Folate is also needed for the
manufacture of new red blood cells; therefore, it is required by unpregnant women who are
anaemic (Michelle, 2017).

6BIOSCIENCE
Describe the possible consequences to the body if there is a deficiency in the nutrient
Folate deficiency in the body leads to the production of large red blood cells that cannot
function effectively. Red blood cells carry oxygen in the body using haemoglobin. Anaemia is a
deficiency disease that refers top presence of few red blood cells or having low mounts of
haemoglobin in each red blood cell. Iron deficiency anaemia is because of blood loss or
pregnancy that leads to lack of iron. The deficiency can be corrected by eating foods rich in iron.
(Michelle, 2017).

7BIOSCIENCE
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). LDL and HDL Cholesterol: “Bad” and
“Good” Cholesterol. Retrieved from, https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/ldl_hdl.htm.
Michelle, F. (2017). The benefits of taking Folic Acid in Non pregnant Women. Retrieved from,
https://www.livestrong/article/460663-the-benefits-of-taking-folic-acid-in-nonpregnant-
women/
Rekha, M. (2011). Cholesterol: Top foods to improve your numbers. Retrieved from,
https://www.mayoclinic.org/disease-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/
cholesterol/art-20045292
Elizabeth, F. (2018). Skin Function: Regulation. Retrieved from,
https://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/information/anatomy/function-of-skin2.