Blockchain Technology and Food Safety in UK SUPPLY CHAIN Blockchain Technology and Food Safety in UK Supply Chain Name of the University Author

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN Source 1 1 BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN Inductive Approach: (Gorard, 2013). Figure 6: Research Methodology 3 3.1 Introduction 3 3.2 Research onion 3 3.2 Research Design 4 3.4 Research Approach 5 3.5 Research Philosophy 7 3.6 Data Collection Method 9 Sampling technique 10 Sampling design 10 3.7 Sample size 10 3.8 Research Instrument 11 3.9 Ethical consideration 11 Chapter 4:

Running head: BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY
CHAIN
Blockchain Technology and Food Safety in UK Supply Chain
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Table of Contents
Chapter 3: Research Methodology..................................................................................................3
3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................3
3.2 Research onion.......................................................................................................................3
3.2 Research Design....................................................................................................................4
3.4 Research Approach................................................................................................................5
3.5 Research Philosophy..............................................................................................................7
3.6 Data Collection Method.........................................................................................................9
Sampling technique...................................................................................................................10
Sampling design.........................................................................................................................10
3.7 Sample size..........................................................................................................................10
3.8 Research Instrument............................................................................................................11
3.9 Ethical consideration...........................................................................................................11
Chapter 4: Data Analysis..............................................................................................................11
4.1: Introduction........................................................................................................................11
Data analysis..............................................................................................................................12
Chapter 5: Discussion and Conclusion..........................................................................................24
5.1: Introduction........................................................................................................................24
5.2: Discussion...........................................................................................................................24
5.3: Recommendation................................................................................................................27

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
5.4: Future Prospects.................................................................................................................27
5.5: Conclusion..........................................................................................................................28
References and Bibliography.........................................................................................................29
Appendix........................................................................................................................................34
Questions...................................................................................................................................34

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
3.1 Introduction
This chapter describes about the methodological approach that guided through thesis and
analytical procedure followed for interpreting data. This section focuses on different methods
such as research design, research approach, research philosophy, data collection method, sapling
design and technique for analysing the present research study. The methodological approach also
helps to assess the risk as well as vulnerability within UK food supply network. This discussion
about the research design, approach and philosophy had also helped to check that underpinning
of various information was valid for this research study. Primary method had been used for
collecting data to understand policy implications for UK food system and analyse the importance
of blockchain technology in food supply chain (Flick, 2015). From the perspective of this thesis,
huge portion of data collection mainly revolved around responses of participants to certain
circumstances regarding effective supply chain operations within UK food industry through
implementation of blockchain technology.
3.2 Research onion
Research onion aids to develop research methodology as well as executes methods in a
simpler way. It also demonstrates all stages that must be covered while developing strategies of
research (Panneerselvam, 2014). The six phases of this research onion mainly relates with
research procedures, research approach, research philosophy and time horizon.

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Figure 3: Research Onion
Source: (Flick, 2015)
3.2 Research Design
Research design relates to the strategy adopted for implementing different components in
logical way (Gorard, 2013). This method helps to determine and analyse the variable of research
problem. There are three kinds of research design such as- exploratory, explanatory and
descriptive. Exploratory research design relates to investigation of certain circumstances that
gives insights of research study. This design is mainly used to clarify concepts and articulate
issues in precise method. This design mainly involves certain methods such as- interviews,
experiments for attaining knowledge about present research topic. Explanatory research design
indicates the design which attempts to connect ideas relating to present thesis. It involve
explaining of information that comes in collective way (Schwartz-Shea & Yanow 2013).

Research Approach
Deductive approach Inductive approach
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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Descriptive research design is used for depicting the respondents who participates in interview
or survey procedure of data collection process.
In this research study, exploratory research design had been used as the aim of this
research paper is to understand how the blockchain technology serve as a framework for
enhancing transparency, traceability and efficiency within the supply chain of UK food industry.
Moreover, this design was integrated in order to explore several facts regarding how adoption of
this blockchain technology transformed the UK food industry.
3.4 Research Approach
Figure 4: Research Approach
Source: (Jackson, 2015)
Research approach is majorly categorized into two types- inductive and deductive.
Deductive approach depicts the approach that is concerned with hypothesis development

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
depending on existing theories and designing of strategy for testing hypothesis (Sekaran &
Bougie, 2016). This research approach focuses on linking the research study on generic
circumstances. Moreover, this approach involves deduction of hypothesis from these theories
and formulating these in operational terms. After formulation, this hypothesis is again tested with
proper application of methods. Hypothesis is then rejected or accepted based on the outcome
from testing.
Figure 5: Steps involved in Deductive approach
Inductive approach refers to the approach that leads particular observations to
generalized theories. This approach begins with these observations and detects patterns based on
it. Moreover, this approach do not include formulation of the hypothesis and develops conclusion
based on existing theories (Jackson, 2015).
Figure 6: Steps involved in Inductive Approach

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Source: (Gorard, 2013)
In this research study, deductive approach had been used for analysing this specific
research study. This approach had been used for investigating theories and facts relating to
importance of blockchain technology and food safety in UK food supply chain. This approach
had been used as it connects developing and testing of hypothesis with existing theories.
Furthermore, this approach starts with predicted patterns where it has been tested against these
observations. Besides this, another reason behind adopting this approach is that it requires less
time and explores known theory if it is valid within specific circumstances. It has also been noted
that deductive approach mainly follows logical path where reasoning begins with theories and
leads to formulation of hypothesis. However, relevant methods are chosen and applied for testing
hypothesis, which in turn leads to acceptance or rejection of hypothesis.
3.5 Research Philosophy
Philosophical underpinning of the research study has vital bearing on research design and
quality of research outcomes. The philosophical perspectives basically inform about theoretical
stance undertaken by research. Research philosophy is mainly classified into three types-
positivism, interpretivism, realism.

Research Philosophy
Positivism
Realism
Interpretivism
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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Figure 7: Types of research philosophy
Source: (Author’s creation)
Positivism relates to gathering of scientific data or positive facts, which is attained
through observations. This philosophy entails existing theories that facilitates to develop and test
hypothesis during this study. It utilizes different various facts for verification of data. This
philosophy holds the reality where proper knowledge is used for getting accessibility to verified
information. Interpretivism relates to social approach that depends on social science and is
opposite to that of positivism philosophy. This philosophy is used mainly in case of qualitative
research method. This philosophy is also used for interpreting varied elements and incorporating
human interests in the thesis (Edson, Henning & Sankaran 2016). Realism relates to the
philosophy that is dependent upon idea of independence of facts. This philosophy is mainly
dependent on scientific assumption to activities of knowledge development.

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
In this thesis, positivism philosophy had been used for analysing how blockchain
technology improves supply chain operation within UK food industry. This philosophy also
helped to explore existing theories relating to this research topic for confirmation of data.
3.6 Data Collection Method
The authenticity of research depends on attainment of proper information relating to this
research study (Eriksson & Kovalainen 2015). Data collection method is of two types- primary
and secondary. The primary data are collected through the survey questionnaire process or
observations while secondary data are gathered from internet, newspapers, peer- reviewed
journals. McCusker & Gunaydin (2015) opines that primary data is more reliable than secondary
data. This is because the latter one sometimes do not provide updated data or might be imprecise.
As a result, the research outcome becomes inaccurate. In this thesis paper, primary data
collection method had been used in order to analyse the significance of blockchain technology
and food safety within the UK food supply chain. The primary data was chosen for this research
since the findings from empirical data had been iterated with the theories as per systematic
combining approach.
Primary data is again classified into two kinds such as- quantitative and qualitative.
Quantitative data are gathered through surveys, experimentation and so on (Nardi, 2018). On the
other hand, qualitative data are gathered from archival materials, interviews. For this study,
quantitative data method had been adopted through survey questionnaire process. The structured
and self- administered questionnaire was farmed and distributed to the participants of supply
chain within UK food industry. Likert type scales were mainly utilized for presenting response
options for the framed structured questionnaire.

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Sampling technique
Sampling technique relates to recognition of particular process by which entities of
sample have been chosen. Sampling technique is of two types such as- probability and non-
probability. Probability sampling include random sample selection from total population where
every sample has probability of being chosen (Levy & Lemeshow 2013). Non- probability
sampling relates to non- random procedure of selecting sample from total population. In this
study, probability sampling had been used for attaining precise outcome of research. This
technique was adopted for selecting small sample from huge population by using probability
method.
Sampling design
Sampling design relates to framework that basically serves as basis for selection of
survey sample and also impacts other vital aspects of survey. Sampling design involves two
elements such as- sampling method and estimator (Thompson, 2013). Sampling method relates
to rules and process by which few elements of population are involved in sample. Since
probability sampling technique had been selected for this study, its methods involve- simple
random sampling, cluster sampling, stratified sampling. On the other hand, estimator relates to
the estimation procedure for evaluating sample statistics. In this study, simple random sampling
method had been used as the respondents were selected randomly from huge set of population.
This in turn gave equal opportunity to the participants of supply chain within UK food industry.
3.7 Sample size
Sample size mainly determines act of choosing total respondents for involving in
statistical sample. This is a vital attribute in research as it helps to attain accurate research
outcome (Levy & Lemeshow, 2013). For this study, a sample size of 15 workers of food supply

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
chain of UK food industry were selected for conducting the survey process. The workers selected
were mainly experienced and aged persons.
3.8 Research Instrument
This is one of the important component of the research design since it aids to collect
information for the thesis. Questionnaire is taken into account as crucial instrument for gathering
data beyond observers reach. This is majorly of two types such as- close-ended and open-ended.
For this study, close ended questionnaire were framed for survey questionnaire in order to collect
data from supply chain workers in UK food sector.
3.9 Ethical consideration
For doing this thesis, ethical issues have been taken into account for assessing and
formulating research plan. The data confidentiality had been maintained in order to avoid
disclosure of employees name who wished to stay anonymous. Moreover, the consent of UK
food supply chain workers were taken in order to avoid any kind of conflict within the
businesses. Even the questionnaire framed were done keeping in mind the emotions of workers.
On the whole, as the study was based on quantitative method, the voluntary participation of
workers were considered.
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
4.1: Introduction
The questionnaire that was circulated among the managers contained the different
question set and the method of answering was based on the Likert scale technique. This has
helped in assessing the extent to which the managers agree or disagree on the questions that were
being asked to them. Some of the managers also chose to remain neutral on the questions that

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
were being asked to them, as they did not have a proper knowledge regarding that context. The
questions were divided in to the 6Ts of the Blockchain technology so that it can help them in
answering it in a proper manner. It also enabled them in understanding the questions that are
linked directly with the topic.
Data analysis
Traceability
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4
2 2
6
1
Traceability
The research was conducted taking in to account the survey of the managers linked to the
food industry so that they can provide a better insight regarding the Blockchain technology. The
question was related to the traceability factor and whether it can help in increasing the level of
efficiency within the food industry. Most of the managers have stated that they have strongly
agreed to the fact that traceability enables them in increasing the level of efficiency within the
food industry.

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
1
3
6
Prioritizing
The managers were also asked regarding whether it should be necessary to prioritize the
Blockchain technology so that the level of traceability within the food industry can be improved
in a better manner. The managers of the food industry who have been surveyed have responded
that they strongly disagree with the fact that the supply chain in the food industry can be
improved by prioritizing the traceability factor in the organizations.
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
1 1
7
3
Product Recall

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Another question was given to the managers, which was based on the fact that recalling
the product will be easier if the Blockchain technology is being used. The experts who had been
surveyed for the process of research within the food industry have stated that they have agreed
strongly to the fact that the process of recalling the product will be easy for the organization by
using the Blockchain technology.
Trust
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3
4
1
5
2
Trust
The managers were also surveyed regarding the factor of trust that is present within the
Blockchain technology. This has helped the process of research to be conducted based on the
different factors that is present with respect to the technology. The experts were asked whether
the factor of trust can help in improving the supply chain within the food industry. It was seen
that most of the managers have strongly agreed to the fact that the Blockchain technology can
help in improving the level of trust within the industry.

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
3
1
5
2
Moral Character
Another trust factor that is associated within the food industry is the honesty and
confidence with which the suppliers and employees serve their respective clients. The question
was based on whether the Blockchain technology can help in assisting the factor of confidence
and honesty within the food industry. The experts have agreed strongly to this factor and they
feel that that moral characters of humans will help in assisting the Blockchain technology to a
great extent.
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2
4
2
5
2
Contract

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
The supply chain within the food industry is done based on the contracts between the
suppliers and the organization. The contracts act as the trust that is present between the parties so
that the good can be delivered in a proper manner. The managers were asked whether contracts
can help in increasing the level of trust within the supply chain of the food industry. It was seen
that they have strongly agreed to this fact with respect to the Blockchain technology that allows
in increasing the contract trust within the supply chain of the food industry.
Trade
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
2 2
5
2
Inter-organizational exchanges
The managers were also surveyed whether the Blockchain technology helps in improving
the exchanges between the organizations. Most of them have agreed to the fact that indeed the
use of this technology results in improving the inter-organizational exchanges.

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
5
2
3 3
2
Peer to peer communication
The Blockchain technology also functions on the trade, which is also a part of the 6Ts
essential for this technology. The survey was also conducted on this factor and the questions
related to this topic was distributed among the managers. It is based on the factor that whether
this technology aids in the peer to peer communication. It was seen that most of the managers
have agreed to the fact and that they have stated that peer to peer communication is very useful
with respect to Blockchain technology.
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3
1 1
7
3
Cheating of food products

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
The trade factor is highly impacted through the cheating process that results in loss of
products. It also needs to be taken in to consideration where the question was framed with
respect to whether the use of the Blockchain technology can result in the prevention of the
cheating in the food products. The managers have strongly agreed to the fact that the Blockchain
technology helps in preventing the process of cheating within the supply chain of the food
industry.
Transaction
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
3
1
7
2
Inter-organizational trade
Transaction is yet another part that helps the Blockchain technology to function in an
efficient manner. The transaction process is the passing of the products and its estimated price to
the organization and the suppliers respectively. The use of the technology has enabled the
process to be smoother in manner. The question was related to whether the technology has
enabled for the inter-organizational trade to be done without verifying the transaction. Most of
the managers have stated that they have strongly agreed to this fact, as the technology results in
smooth flow of products without taking the hassled of verification for the particular transactions.

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
3
4
1
4
2
Increased speed
This question was framed based on the speed level of the transactions present in the
supply chain of the food industry. The use of the Blockchain technology has resulted in
increasing the level of speed for the transactions between the suppliers and the organisation. The
experts were asked the question related to whether the technology has increased the transaction
speed. Upon surveying, it was found that most of the managers have stated that they have
disagreed and agreed to this fact. It can be stated that there was a mixed response related to this
question.

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2 2
6
4
Authenticated signatures
The use of Blockchain technology has enabled that the process of transaction can be done
in an efficient way. This can be useful with the help of an authenticated signature that can be of
help for the smooth transaction process. The question related to this matter was asked to the
experts where most of the managers of the food industry have stated that they agree that the use
of technology has helped multiple users in having a secure process of transaction with the use of
authenticated signatures.
Track

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
5
1 1
5
3
Tracking
Tracking is yet another factor that is useful in the Blockchain technology so that the
products can be tracked by the food industry with the help of supply chain. The factor was asked
to the experts with respect to whether the technology is useful in tracking the food products. It
was seen that most of the managers have stated that they agree completely to the fact that the
process of tracking become simplified with the use of the Blockchain technology.
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4
2
1
6
2
Tracing

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
The use of the Blockchain technology will also result in tracing the food products, as the
same path will be followed every time when the products are being supplied by the suppliers to
the respective food industries. This tracing factor is also important, as it minimizes the level of
transaction of the products between the places. The managers were asked whether Blockchain is
useful in tracing the food products where most of them have agreed to it.
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3 3
2
6
1
Source to point delivery
The delivery of the products using the Blockchain technology is also efficient, as the
source to point style helps the products to be circulated within the food industry. The managers
were asked whether the use of the technology helps in increasing the level of speed for delivering
the products using the source to point system. Most of the managers have stated that they have
agreed to the fact that the use of the Blockchain technology helps in increasing the level of
efficiency between the deliveries of products using the source to pint system of delivery.
Transparency

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
3
1
5
2
Open and accessible information
Traceability is yet another factor of the Blockchain technology that helps it to be
sustainable in the organizations that are using it. The food industry can utilize this system, as it
helps in increasing the level of efficiency with respect to its supply chain. The managers were
surveyed with respect to whether the use of this technology will result in making the supply
chain process more transparent in nature. Most of the managers have stated that the use of this
technology will result in accessing the information in a proper manner so that there is no problem
in procuring the products form the suppliers in the food industry.

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
5
1 1
5
3
Resources
The resources can also be supplied in an efficient and transparent manner within the food
industry with the help of the Blockchain technology. The managers were surveyed based on the
question whether the use of this technology will result in accessing the resources that will help in
the efficient and transparent supply of the products. Most of the managers have stated that they
agree to the fact that the resources in this technology helps in supplying the products in an
efficient and transparent manner.
Agree Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree Strongly
Disagree
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4
2
1
6
2
Efficient transportation

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
The efficient level of transportation of the products within the food industry helps in
keeping it fresh so that it can help in increasing the level of satisfaction among the customers
after the product is being used by them. The managers were surveyed on whether the technology
helps in increasing the process of transporting the supplies in an efficient manner. It is seen that
most of the managers have agreed to the fact that the use of the technology will result in the
efficient transportation of the supplies within the food industry.
Chapter 5: Discussion and Conclusion
5.1: Introduction
This chapter will be providing the overall summary of the data that has been analysed and
the opinions that has been given by the participants of the survey with that of the literature
review. This will help the research to be linked with the objectives that has been taken up in the
first chapter based on which this study was being done. The recommendation part will also
suggest the strategies that the Blockchain technology will help in the food industry.
5.2: Discussion
The research has been carried out keeping in mind the Blockchain technology and the
6Ts that are the factors affecting the technology. The use of this technology will help in
controlling and increasing the level of transparency within the food industry in an extensive
manner as it can share and store the information which are important to the organizations and the
network can be created in a virtual manner. The system of distributed ledger allows in decreasing
the time of verification for the transactions that are taking place digitally as well as stores the
information for future references.

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
The traceability factor has been analysed in the above section, which has provided
insights regarding the opinions of the managers present within the food industry. The managers
have agreed to the fact that the use of the Blockchain technology will help in improving the
factor of traceability and recall the products as well. Bosona & Gebresenbet (2013) was of the
opinion that it also helps in cutting the costs so that the supply chain can be optimized. They also
further stated that the risks in the food safety can be traced properly so that those products can be
recalled, which is the reason why the managers have agreed to this factor in the analysis.
In the data analysis part, the managers have agreed that the factor of trust also increases
with the use of the Blockchain technology, as it helps in increasing the moral characteristics such
as honesty and confidence so that the contracts between the parties can be upheld in a rightful
manner. Tian (2017) also suggested that the use of this technology increases the level of
transactions between the two enterprises so that the rate of transactions can be increased. The
authors Tse et al. (2017) further stated that the use of this technology than the traditional method
will help in the detailed analysis of the data so that the food supply chain can function in an
efficient manner.
The Blockchain technology also affects the trade facilities within the food industry of UK
and Casado-Vara (2018) was of the opinion that the process of procuring the food and
maintaining its quality can be assured. The survey that was conducted also stated that the
managers agreed to this fact and stated that the trading facilities between the enterprises
increases to a great extent due to this technology. Kirwan & Maye also stated that it helps in
enhancing the process of food supply, which in return affects the trade procedures in a positive
manner.

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
The transaction factor is also important in the blockchain technology, as it facilitates the
trade in a smooth manner. The survey has been conducted based on the techniques that will help
in increasing the level of trade such as the factor of cheating as well as the process of verification
so that the speed of the transaction can be increased significantly. The analysis was concluded on
the point that most of the managers have agreed to it and Ahram et al. (2017) was also of the
view that the use of this technology helps in meeting the demands that is present in the UK
market with respect to the food industry. He also stated that there would be reduction in the food
wastage so that there is no shortage and that the supply chain will function efficient in
maintaining the demand in the market in a perfect manner.
The analysis with respect to tracking has been done where the managers have agreed that
the food products can be tracked and traced within the supply chain while it is being delivered
using the point to source style. This is due to the fact that the entire process is almost free from
errors and the authors Kirwan and Maye (2013) had also agreed to this fact. They have stated
that the Blockchain technology can help in increasing the level of efficiency in delivering the
products in the food industry, which in turn can help in saving money and tome. The tracking of
the products will also create a channelized path so that the same products can be delivered using
the same form of transaction medium.
The factor of transparency is also important and it can be seen form the data analysis part
that the managers have stated that the information regarding the delivery of the products can be
accessible by the necessary managers. It will also result in providing the necessary resources that
will help in the efficient supply of food products within the industry. With respect to this, Tse et
al. (2017) also further stated that the transparency level increases as the data that is being sent is
secured and cannot be accessed by third parties. This also results in meeting the demands of the

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
customers, as the policies and procedures of the government is being followed in a proper
manner.
5.3: Recommendation
Thus it can be recommended that the use of the Blockchain technology will help in
reducing the cost of the supply chain so that the level of efficiency can be increased. It will also
result in minimizing the wastes so that the efficiency of the food industry can be increased. The
traditional system of supply chain results in increasing the cost of the supplies. The level of
transparency will help in increasing the transactional history so that the level of security can be
increased. It will also help in keeping the data secure through a systemized record-keeping track.
The factor of traceability will also help in keeping a track of the products that are being delivered
so that it can result in increasing the efficiency level.
The data will be highly secured, as the financial data is highly crucial so that it cannot be
leaked. The leakage process will also be decreased to a great extent so that the speed of delivery
can be increased. The use of this technology will also result in increasing the level of
communication between the parties, as the contracts that will be formed will be done based on
the opinion between both the parties. This will also result in increasing the level of trust so that
the process can be transparent in nature. The use of the smart contracts will also help in
increasing the level of communication among the parties, which will also affect the level of
transparency in a positive manner. The factor of trading will also result in increasing the
efficiency of the passage of food products in the supply chain within the food industry. It will
also ensure that there is no wastage of food products and will see that the products are being
utilized properly before new orders are being placed.

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
5.4: Future Prospects
The research has been conducted in a successful manner with respect to the effect of
Blockchain technology on the food industry in the UK. It has helped in understanding the food
supply system so that its level of efficiency can be increased, which will ensure that the cost can
be reduced. The findings of the research that has been compiled can be used as a secondary
source of information by the future researchers. The food industry is one of the industries where
this technology is being used and further studies needs to be conducted in the baking and finance
sector as well as the other sectors so that it can help in assessing its need. The 6Ts of the
technology also needs to be tested in other countries so that its impact can be found out with
respect to Blockchain technology.
5.5: Conclusion
Therefore it can be concluded that the research was done to examine the effects
Blockchain technology on the food industry present in the UK and the significance can be
highlighted as well. The research also acknowledges the fact that this technology is not only
restricted in the crytocurrency sector and can be used for several applications. The food industry
can benefit in lot of ways, as it will help in reducing the cost and the level of efficiency can be
increased to a great level. This can be done with the help of the 6 factors that has been identified
in the research so that the supply chain can function in a proper manner. The food market has a
vast opportunity in the UK scenario and needs to be managed in a proper manner so that it can
increase the level of efficiency. The contracts to the suppliers has to be given in smaller batches
so that it can reduce the cost and time of delivering the products to the organization.
The technology is new in the market and needs to be capitalized by applying the
technologies, which will ensure that the supply chain will be smooth in nature. There will be

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
significant reduction in the wastage of the food, as the data will be stored in a proepr manner that
will highlight when a new batch of product will be required by the organization. This will ensure
that the supply process can be sustainable in nature.
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Appendix
Questions
Traceability
1. Do you agree that Block chain technology can improve traceability of foods in the
industry?
2. Do you agree that by prioritizing Block chain technology in the food supply industry
traceability can be improved?
3. Would you agree with the fact that by using Blockchain technology product recall would
be made easier?
Trust
1. Do you feel that through the use of Blockchain technology trust can be improved in the
food supply chain industry?
2. Do you agree that Block chain technology can assist in human moral character such as
confidence and honesty in the food supply chain industry?
3. Do you agree that Block chain technology can assist in contract trust in the food supply
chain industry?

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BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD SAFETY IN UK SUPPLY CHAIN
Trade
1. Use of the Blockchain technology aids in efficient inter-organizational exchanges?
2. Use of the Blockchain technology is useful in peer to peer communication?
3. Use of Blockchain technology is useful in preventing of cheating of food products?
Transaction
1. Use of the the technology has made it possible for inter-organizational trade without the
need for verification of the transaction?
2. The use of Blockchain technology has increased the speed of transactions?
3. The use of the technology has enabled multiple users to have secure transactions with the
use of authenticating signatures?
Track
1. Use of Blockchain technology is very useful in tracing of food products?
2. Use of Blockchain technology is very useful in tracking of food products?
3. Use of the technology aids in tracking from point of source to point of delivery?
Transparency
1. Blockchain technology provides the food supply chain process an open and accessible
information ?
2. Blockchain technology can provide resources for efficient and transparent food supply?
3. Blockchain technology aids in providing efficient transportation of food supplies?

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