Blood Metabolite Analysis of Spectrophotometric Lactate Assay - Desklib

Blood Metabolite Analysis of Spectrophotometric Lactate Assay.1
BLOOD METABOLITE ANALYSIS OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC LACTATE ASSAY.
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Blood Metabolite Analysis of Spectrophotometric Lactate Assay.2
Introduction
Laboratory tests, which involve measurement of blood lactate levels are important in
clinical settings especially in the diagnosis of Myocardial infarction. This is because an increase
in lactate concentration in blood is an evidence of decreased systemic blood flow, which is a
characteristic of myocardial infarction. In a study which was done recently by USA Department
of Public Health, that measured lactic acid in human veins showed that the most prevalent and
reliable clinical sign by patients with myocardial infarction is a rapid rise in blood lactate levels
(Shimojo et al., 2011). This transpired a recommendation by (Li et al., 2011) on the use of blood
lactate levels as a molecular marker in the diagnosis of cardiogenic shock. Therefore lactate, as a
blood metabolite will be found elevated in patients with clinical signs of myocardial infarction.
The main objective of this lab analysis is modeling and understanding the lactate concentration
profile in blood samples from patients with myocardial infarction in comparison to a
deproteinated blood sample from normal healthy persons. Lactate in the body is formed through
fermentation, as cells breakdown glucose in the absence of molecular oxygen to yield energy.
Glucose is converted to pyruvate, which is then reduced to lactate with the action of enzyme
lactate dehydrogenase. The lactate formed is utilized by other body tissues including heart
muscle as a source of fuel when it's further oxidized (Li et al. (2011).
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the clinical name for heart attack. Heart attack which
brought up due to reduced blood flow to the heart as a consequence of prolonged ischemia and
myocardial cell death. The stoppage or decreased blood flow to heart muscles can cause heart
muscle and tissue damage in server cases (Thygesen, Alpert and White, 2007). Myocardial
infarction is associated with the following clinical signs: chest pains and congestions
(discomfort). Myocardial (MI) infarction has been thought to be a lifetime chronic ailment that
could lead to heart failure and death (Thygesen, Alpert and White, 2007). Apart from reduced

Blood Metabolite Analysis of Spectrophotometric Lactate Assay.3
blood flow to the heart muscles, other factors which increase the risk of one being diagnosed
with Myocardial Infraction (MI) include obesity, high blood sugar (diabetes), increased dietary
cholesterol levels in blood, the lack of exercise and high blood pressure (Andersen et al., 2013).
Derangements in lactate levels (an increase or decrease from normal ranges) result in
certain diseases which include liver failure, hypoperfusion, disturbed cellular metabolism, and
hypoxemia. This may be caused by intense exercise or overworked muscles. During diagnosis
factors, such as high blood pressure diabetes which could result in elevated lactate concentrations
in the blood due to insulin resistance should be eliminated.
This experiment is based on the reaction of lactate in the presence of NAD+ to give
pyruvate, NADH, and H+. The amount of lactate in the sample solution is measured by
determining the concentration of NADH produced the test reaction. NADH produced above is
measured spectrophotometrically by use of the optical density. NADH absorbs at a maximum
wavelength of 340 nm. In the experiment hydrazine is added to remove the pyruvate which is
formed ensuring the reaction proceeds to the right since the equilibrium of the reaction lies to the
left (Junghans et al. (2019).
Aims.
1. To compare lactate concentration in deproteinated blood samples from 4 healthy
individuals and in 4 patients after a myocardial infarction spectrophotometrically.
2. To determine the importance of lactate as a marker in the diagnosis of patients having
myocardial infarction (MI) disease.
3. To study the correlation between Myocardial Infraction and blood lactate concentration.
Methodology.