Nursing Assignment - Pathophysiology of Emphysema, Angina, Myocardial Infarction, and more

Running head: NURSING ASSIGNMENT
1
Nursing Assignment
Name
Institution

NURSING ASSIGNMENT 2
NURSING ASSIGNMENT
PART A:
Q1: Pathophysiology of emphysema: It can be described on the basis of reduced pulmonary
elastic recoil. Pathophysiology of emphysema is, therefore, well-defined as the unique permanent
broadening of distal airspace to the bronchioles terminal, leading to the destruction of the walls
of alveolar and minus palpable fibrosis (Goldklang & Stockley, 2016). Clinically, the word
emphysema is mostly applied interchangeably with the disease of the chronic obstructive
pulmonary (COPD).
Q2: Vital signs in emphysema: Vital symptoms changes are often linked to hypoxemia which
forces the body to try compensating by stimulating perfusion/ cardiac output. As a result, blood
pressure and heart rate are typically increased. An obstruction disorder makes the patients exhale
with a lot of difficulties and prevent air from entering distal regions.
Q3: Pathophysiology of angina: Angina is the actual pain in the chest. It can be triggered by
various reasons, conditions, and diseases. The pathophysiology of angina begins with the
inability of the muscle of heart to receive enough blood flow. This causes crushing pain in the
chest, difficulty in breathing and suffocation.
Q4: Pathophysiology of a Myocardial Infarction: It indicates irreversible damage of myocardial
due to prolonged hypoxia and ischemia. It mostly happens, when blood flow stops or decreases
in some sections of the heart, leading to injury to the muscle of the heart (a blood clot). One type
of MI is the primary coronary event. For example, dissection or plaque. The right side of the
heart might have been affected.

NURSING ASSIGNMENT 3
Q5: AMI caused CCF: MI occurs due to loss or reduction of blood flow through the coronary
artery. It enables the loss of more blood. This may then cause injury and damages to the lining of
the artery thereby causing CCF.
Q6: Relationship between swollen ankles; legs and CCF: Swelling in ankles and legs occur due
to the accumulation of fluids in leg tissues or inflammation. It may happen because of the
damage of coronary artery which interferes with the function of the heart in maintaining balance
body fluid.
Q7: Benign Prostate Hypermegaly (BPH): It is also known as benign prostatic. It describes
histologic diagnosis accompanied by a proliferation of cellular prostate elements.
Q8: Pulmonary Oedema: It is a condition that occurs due to excess lungs fluid. The fluid then
accumulates in the numerous air sacs inside the lung, hence interfering with the breathing
process. PO’s signs include:
• A feeling of drowning or suffocating
• Gasping or wheezing for breath
• Chest pain when caused by disease of the heart
Q9: Nursing care plans for Mr. Brown:
Plan1:
Patient problem/issue: Chest pain
Goal: To relieve chest pain
Courses of action: #1: Monitoring and documenting features of pain, noticing verbal reports,
non-verbal cues, and BP/ HR alterations. #2: Administering supplemental oxygen via nasal
cannula/face mask.