Role of Corporate Governance in Dell Technologies during Covid-19

This report analyzes the role of corporate governance in Dell Technologies during Covid-19 and explores the challenges faced by the company. It also provides recommendations and an action plan to overcome conflicts of interest.

Assessment
1

INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
Background of the Organisation.............................................................................................3
Review of problem/issue .......................................................................................................4
Aim and Objectives................................................................................................................5
Rationale for selection of topic...............................................................................................5
Research questions.................................................................................................................5
Literature Review ............................................................................................................................6
Research Methodology ................................................................................................................11
CRITICAL DISCUSSION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESULTS..............................15
RECOMMENDATION AN ACTION PLAN...............................................................................20
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................23
2

INTRODUCTION
Corporate governance act as an essential element that set and lead an organisation towards
conducting their business operations in a transparent and systematic manner while assuring
accountability (Jayasuriya Daluwathumullagamage and Sims, 2020). With the help of effective
corporate governance practices of organisation can satisfy needs and expectations of
stakeholders while assuring higher growth and development. Corporate Governance contain
various rules , laws and process in which all the businesses can operate , regulate and monitor.
This term mainly consider both internal & external factors that impact the interest of organisation
stakeholders , shareholders , suppliers, customers, management of the company and government
regulations. Corporate governance is essential for the company which can help to maintain all
the rules and regulations. For this report, Dell Technologies organisation chosen that is an
American multinational company that deal with technologies and the headquarter of this
company in Round Rock , Texas, UK. This company founded in 2016 as a merge of two
companies Dell Inc and EMC corporation. The main motive of this report is to conduct research
on Dell technology and analyse the role of corporate governance so that company can easily
overcome the conflicts that company faced during Covid-19.
Background of the Organisation
Dell Technologies is performing its business operations as a multinational technology
company in US. Organisation was founded in the year 2016 by Michael Dell and offer it services
was wide with having more than 1, 65,000 employees. This company basically belong from the
United State but operate their business all around the world. Everyone know about Dell company
and also know that what is the advantage of company products and services. United State
previously located in North America including 50 states and 5 massive self governing territories .
The main motto of this country is “In God We Trust”. Dell technology comes under the the
computer hardware and software industry and the main products of this company considered as
personal computers, servers, SAN and NAS storage , software and networking. There are various
divisions of this company such as Dell Client Solutions Groups, Dell EMC Infrastructure
Solutions Group. Dell organisation considered as the core technical organisation that provide
3

various types of technological products like desktop , notebooks, PC's and other peripherals like
monitors , projectors and printers. Dell technology address all the requirements of their
customers and time to time launch new technological products for the continence of the their
customers. Dell technology mainly concerned about their customers preferences and address
their problems and do come modification in their products so that organisation can easily full fill
all the demand of their customers. To attract their customer, company use advanced technologies
and introduce at suitable cost so that all the people can easily purchase their products and
company will get more profit advantage as compared to their rivals. Due to Covid -19 pandemic,
company experienced many issues and the technological market slow down because during lock
down period, people used to live their home and maintain social distancing so this situation give
adverse impact on company and in this time company is continuously trying to cover up all the
losses of Covid-19. Uncertainty of Brexit also consider the main reason that affect the company
market and affect the overall operation of Dell technology in various countries. Covid and Brexit
uncertainty provide negative impact on the company activities in domestic and international
countries. Dell technologies working hard to establish their marketing again and also conduct
market research so that company can easily identify the needs of the customers which will help
to improve marketing of the products so that company can get more profitability and increase
their market growth. Dell use digital media channels so that company can effectively operate
their business another foreign countries and gain more customer loyalty to provide them better
products and service and full fill all the expectations of their potential customers.
Review of problem/issue
Present report has been conducted on Dell Technologies which is leading multinational
organisations offering its business services for worldwide. Organisation is facing issue in terms
of conflicts of interest being a large organisation. It is essential for company to manage number
of stakeholders groups belongs from different background and culture. Thus, it is essential for
company to overcome the problem of conflicts of interest in order to practice corporate
governance practices in effective manner.
Aim and Objectives
Aim
4

“To determine the role of corporate governance in ethics and transparency and overcome
the issue of conflict of interest within a company during Covid-19”. A study on Dell
Technologies.
Research Objectives
 To evaluate the knowledge of corporate governance concepts in success of company.
 To determine various problems that has been faced by Dell Technologies in corporate
governance management and strategy formulation process during pandemic COVID-19.
 To identify an action plan that Dell Technologies can implement as corporate governance
strategies in order to bring transparency and overcome issues of conflicts of interest to
overcome the negative impact of Covid-19.
Rationale for selection of topic
Present recent research topic is rational and significance as it is mainly related with the primary
issues that organisation face in corporate governance and are required to be overcome by
organisation in order to properly manage their business operations. Present topic fulfils dual
perspective which is personal and professional. With the help of this candidate can develop their
knowledge related to the present selected topic that further helps them to build their personality.
While in professional context this research analysis allow organisations to undertake significant
action plan through which they can overcome the issue of conflicts of interest in context with
corporate governance and can perform their operations in effective manner.
Research questions
 What is the knowledge of corporate governance concepts in success of company?
 What are the various problems that have been faced by Dell Technologies in corporate
governance management and strategy formulation process during pandemic COVID-19?
 What is the action plan that Dell Technologies can implement as corporate governance
strategies in order to bring transparency and overcome issues of conflicts of interest to
overcome the negative impact of Covid-19?
Literature Review
Knowledge of corporate governance concepts in success of company
5

As per the view point of Fedirko, (2020) corporate governance is defined as practice in which
managers as well as directors of an organisation controls and undertake decisions especially that
plays significant important impact upon stakeholders. Corporate governance is having significant
contribution in success and development of company. It has been identified that corporate
governance is basically a combination of laws, rules and processes through which business
organisation operate, regulate and control its functioning. With the help of positive corporate
governance practices organisation can have a positive impact upon stakeholders of organisation
including management, customers, government regulators and suppliers. Corporate governance
effectively enable an organisation to accomplish their goals while controlling risk and assuring
compliances (Corporate Governance: Purpose, Examples, Structures And Benefits. 2020).
Furthermore, it has been underlined that good corporate governance practices facilitate
organisation to develop strong relationship between management and the board of directors and
stakeholders. Corporate governance play successful role for organisation that further facilitate
accountability and security and allow organisation to ensure long-term sustainable growth. It is
analysed that the main purpose of Corporate governance is to accumulate effective
entrepreneurial & prudent management that can provide company long term success. Corporate
governance consider as a system that mainly direct and monitor all operations of the company. It
is identified that Board of Directors of the company are specifically responsible for governance
of companies. There are prominent elements of Corporate governance that can help to get the
success, all the elements which can lead the organisation success such as company directors
performance and independence, provide continuous review to the employees, rights of
shareholders , concerned on diversity etc. these elements can help to maintain the overall
development and performance so that company can easily improve their market growth rate. It is
also determined that four P's of Corporate governance can help in company success and provide
the most possible outcome. Four P's of corporate governance are people, purpose, process &
performance. All these four P's can help to company like a guide and consider the importance
of Corporate governance for the company. Corporate governance also contain various principles
that can help overall development of the company and provide positive results. Some principles
of Corporate governance are fairness, responsibility, transparency & accountability, all these
principles are useful for the comp;any and aid to attract investors so that they can support the
company financially. Most of the companies can set specific objectives which can provide them
6

proper guidance and help to maintain performance of the company. The main objective of
Corporate governance is to control those parties of the company that monitor all the resources
that basically owned by the investors. The main objective of Corporate governance is participate
in the strategies of the company which can help to increase the corporate performance &
accountability and also help in generating long term value of all shareholders. It is also identified
that with the help of Corporate governance pillars, company can maintain the productivity and
performance of employees. There are six pillars of Corporate governance like rules of law, moral
integrity, participation, effectiveness, transparency and responsibility & accountability. All these
pillars are beneficial for the company and help to maintain the corporate performance of the
company. There are many types of Corporate governance used by the company like internal
mechanism, external mechanism, small business relevance and independent audit are considered
as the various types of Corporate governance that can help to manage the corporate activities
within an organisation. There are many model of Corporate governance used by the company
such as Canadian model,UK & American model, Italian model, Japanese model, Indian model
and France model etc. all these model contain various effective strategical planning that can help
to maintain the overall structure of the organisation related to the corporate and commercial
activities of the company. There are various benefits of corporate governance that can help in the
improvement of corporate strategy of the organisation. Some benefits of corporate governance
such as evolve positive attitude of employees, reduce cost of capital, help to improve the
decision making process of top level management. Help in formulate better strategic planning,
help to attract talented and skilled directors and employees so that they can maintain the over all
performance. Corporate governance can help to improve the productivity of company and help in
recognise the good governance and clarify the role of board and also useful in understand the risk
and monitor the performance of company.
Various problems that have been faced by Dell Technologies in corporate governance
management and strategy formulation process during pandemic COVID-19
According to the viewpoint of Zhou, (2020) Dell Technologies faced number of problems
in terms with corporate governance management and strategy formulation process in the time
period of Covid-19. These problems not only impact upon company formation of corporate
governance strategy but also affected day-to-day operations of organisation. It has been
7

evaluated that Covid-19 developed a new environment that enhance pressure upon company
from different stakeholders. It significantly enhances society engagement and corporate
citizenship expectations which is essential for board of directors of organisation to fulfil in order
to satisfy stakeholders groups. Furthermore, it has been underlined that company also faced
problems which are associated to providing proper healthcare services and assuring health and
safety of employees. It has been identified that corporate governance in certain set of competent
and diverse board of directors that some time lead towards creation of conflict issues of interest.
It is the major problem that has been faced by Dell Technologies, for which directors is
required to effectively fulfil financial interest of every stakeholders while overcoming the issue
of conflict of interest in an effective manner in order to develop trust among investors and other
shareholders. It is analysed from this report that there are various problem that company
experienced by the company like lack of performance evaluation, removal of directors those are
independent, risk management of the company and executive compensation. This study also
determined various problems and risk factors of the Corporate governance that affect the
corporate operations of the company and also became the reason of corporate failure. All these
risk factors of corporate governance such as lack of effectiveness on board, poor leadership on
the company culture, defective communication, lack of compensation and incentives etc. all
these problems are considered as the risk factors of the organization that can affect the market of
the company and determine the low growth rate. Due to Covid-19, technological companies are
experienced many losses and Dell technology also faced many risk factors and critical problems
and totally market decline even company terminate many employees and some of the employees
lost their job because company can not provide them salary and other facilities. Dell technology
started remote working so that company can smoothly run their business and also help to connect
with the employees. It is identified from the various sources that during the lock down time ,
company operate their business remotely and most of the employees of the company worked
from their home so that it can help to maintain all the activities and operation but company
experienced many difficulty and challenges that affect the performance of the company like lack
of customer support, work life imbalance, disturbance of children also affect the employees
efficiency and productivity level which created critical problem in company working. Boards of
directors of the organization faced difficulty in daily management which also affected the actions
and decision making of the company and managers of the company felt bounded to address daily
8

affairs which can provide adverse impact on the overall performance of the company. Most of
the time, management department of the company conduced many meetings so that they can
easily solve the problem and focus on how to tackle the pandemic effect on the company
operations. Some other issues also faced by the company like oversight issues, accountability
issues, transparency issues, ethics violations related issues and conflict of interest issues etc. are
affect the performance of the company and also provide the negative effect on the efficiency of
the employees. Company also faced difficulty to conduct all the operations and create the various
problem in employees working life. Some issues are also faced by the company are lack of
coordination with employees, lack of effective communication, low level of internet connectivity
are considered the main issues that faced by the company staff members and managerial
employees. Most of the time, employees experienced some difficulty to concentrate in their work
because their did not get any suitable space for work.
Action plan that Dell Technologies can implement as corporate governance strategies in
order to bring transparency and overcome issues of conflicts of interest to overcome the
negative impact of Covid-19
As per view point of Lenis Escobar, (2020) an evaluation can be undertaken out of the
action plan that involve different type of suitable strategies which is require for organisation to
effectively implement in order to achieve better management of corporate governance strategy.
With the help of this organisation can effectively able to overcome the problems that has been
faced by them during the process of corporate governance strategy formulation process in the
time period of Covid-19. Strategies like providing proper clarification to individual related to
role of board in corporate governance play most important role through which organisation can
overcome the problems related to conflicts of interest (Sharma and et. al., 2020). Furthermore, by
appointing independent audit committee and offering training and development programs to
employees allow organisation to assure presentation of all the facts and financial position that
further developed accountability and transparency. It is analysed that company can use strategies
so that they can easily deal with the negative impact of Covid-19. Company can implement some
strategies such as hire competent board members, provide information timely, consider risk
management process and provide job security to employees etc. can help to maintain the
performance of company and gain some transparency and accountability so that they can easily
9

tackle the losses that company gained from this pandemic. Company should focus on their
employees and provide them good salary so that they can give their best to overcome the impact
of this pandemic and maintain the company operations all around the world. Company can hire
high talented and skilled employees so that they can help the company to cope up with the issues
of the pandemic and retain in the company for longer duration and provide their best services to
gain the customer satisfaction for longer period of time. Company can opt various strategies that
can provide the positive impact in the efficiency and productivity of the employees like provide
them incentives and other benefits. Management department of the company follow some law
rules and regulation that can provide them legal help so that company can protect their
confidential information from the software users that are hacking and leaking privacy of the
company. Some more strategies are also identified which can help to maintain transparency in
the business and help in corporate business of the company. Corporate governance help to
address all the corporate policies and procedure of the company and maintain the corporate
business activities so that Board of directors of the company can take appropriate decision
making so that they can give there contribution in the welfare of the company. Company can
easily maintain their accountability through strategic planning so that they can show the
company right path to attain the success effectively.
10

Research Methodology Research philosophies – Research philosophies are contain as the essential process of
research that can help to gather the effective and appropriate information about the
research topic. There are two types of research philosophies are first is positivism
research and second is Interpretivism research philosophy. Both philosophies are
essential for the research. To carry out the present research positivism research
philosophy is considered because it can help to collect the relevant and valid information
and measure the quantitative data in a short period of time. Research Approaches – It is termed as a plan that investigator undertake to conduct
research in proper manner. There are two type of research approach use these are
inductive and deductive research approach. Inductive approach can help to obtain the
qualitative information and deductive approach is helpful to obtain qualitative
information. To conduct present research investigator will take use of deductive approach
to test numeric data and information to have appropriate results.
 Research strategies – By selecting effective research strategy investigator can conduct
research in a systematic manner. To fulfil present research objectives researcher will use
survey in which investigator will undertake use of questionnaire method to acquire
appropriate data and information. Research Choice – There are two kind of research choices used such as qualitative &
quantitative research choice. Qualitative can help to collect data from observation,
interview & quantitative can be gathered with the help of survey and questionnaire. In
order to conduct present research investigator will use quantitative research choice as to
acquire information’s and data in a reliable manner with better presentation of collected
facts in a systematic manner with the help of charts and tables.
 Time horizon – It is essential to accomplish research objectives in proper time frame. In
terms with present research, researcher will undertake use of cross-sectional time horizon
as it allows investigator to analyse and data in proper time frame (Rodrigues, Samagaio
and Felício, 2020)
11

 Data collection – With the help of this strategy investigator can acquire wide range of
information’s and data to conduct research in effective manner. To accomplish present
research, investigator will undertake use of both primary and secondary sources. In terms
with primary method, researcher is selecting 50 respondents (employees) of whole
workforce in organisational workforce.
 Sampling- Sampling techniques are two types first is probability sampling techniques and
seconds is non- probability sampling techniques.In this, researcher will undertake use of
small sample size in order to acquire data. In context with present research investigator
will take use of sample size of 50 respondents (employees) with the help of probabilistic
sampling.
Questionnaire
Q1) Do you know about the concept of corporate governance and ethics?
A) YES
B) NO
Q2) According to you, is that concept of corporate governance is useful for business firms?
A) YES
B) NO
Q3) Why the concept of corporate governance is important for business firm?
A) Encouraging positive behavior
B) Reducing the cost of capital
C) Improving top-level decision-making
Q4) According to you, it that important for business firm to bring transparency in work and
achieve business objectives?
A) Act as a critical component
B) makes the processes and transactions verifiable
C) helps in clearing firm position
Q5) What are the different problems which are faced by business firms in corporate governance
management and strategy formulation process during pandemic COVID-19?
A) Conflicts of interest
B) Oversight issues
C) Accountability issues
Q6) Do you think that this will impact on productivity of Dell?
A) YES
B) NO
Q7) According to you which of the give strategy is useful in dealing with this problem?
A) Appoint Competent Board Members
B) Ensure Timely Information
C) Prioritize Risk Management
Q8) What do you think about the plan implemented by Dell in order to solve issues related to
12

transparency and overcome issues of conflicts of interest to overcome the negative impact of
Covid-19, is it is effective?
A) YES
B) NO
Q9) Recommend some ways which can be use by the firm in order to recover for this particular
situation?
Theme: The concept of corporate governance
and ethics
Q1) Do you know about the concept of
corporate governance and ethics?
Frequency
A) YES 40
B) NO 10
Theme: Evaluating about concept of corporate governance and its usefulness for
business firms
Q2) According to you, is that concept of corporate governance is useful for
business firms?
Frequenc
y
A) YES 35
B) NO 15
Theme: the concept of corporate governance is important for business firm
Q3) Why the concept of corporate governance is important for business firm? Frequenc
y
A) Encouraging positive behavior 25
B) Reducing the cost of capital 13
C) Improving top-level decision-making 12
Theme: bring transparency in work and achieve business objectives
Q4) According to you, is that important for business firm to bring transparency in
work and achieve business objectives?
Frequenc
y
A) Act as a critical component 28
B) makes the processes and transactions verifiable 12
C) helps in clearing firm position 10
Theme: The different problems which are faced by business firms in corporate
governance management and strategy formulation process during pandemic
COVID-19
Q5) What are the different problems which are faced by business firms in corporate
governance management and strategy formulation process during pandemic
COVID-19?
Frequenc
y
A) Conflicts of interest 18
B) Oversight issues 15
C) Accountability issues 17
Theme: Impact on productivity 18
Q6) Do you think that this will impact on productivity of Dell? Frequenc
y
A) YES 35
B) NO 15
13

Theme: Identification of strategies
Q7) According to you which of the give strategy is useful in dealing with this
problem?
A) Appoint Competent Board Members 16
B) Ensure Timely Information 18
C) Prioritize Risk Management 16
Theme: Effectiveness of plan
Q8) What do you think about the plan implemented by Dell in order to solve issues
related to transparency and overcome issues of conflicts of interest to overcome the
negative impact of Covid-19, is it is effective?
Frequenc
y
A) YES 40
B) NO 10
14

CRITICAL DISCUSSION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESULTS
15

PRIMARY
Theme: The concept of corporate governance and ethics
Q1) Do you know about the concept of corporate governance and ethics? Frequency
A) YES 40
B) NO 10
Interpretation: this can be interpreted form the above stated diagram that there most of the
respondents know about the concept of talent management. Under this, 80% of the total
respondents know about the concept of talent management. On the other side, only 10 out of 50,
that means 20%of total respondents does not know about the concept of talent management.
Theme: Evaluating about concept of corporate governance and its usefulness for
business firms
Q2) According to you, is that concept of corporate governance is useful for
business firms?
Frequenc
y
A) YES 35
B) NO 15
Interpretation: this can be interpreted form the above chart that 40 out of 50 respondents know
about the concept and usefulness of this in business firm. Only 10 out of total number of
respondents are not aware about this usefulness are not agree on this.
Theme: the concept of corporate governance is important for business firm
Q3) Why the concept of corporate governance is important for business firm? Frequenc
y
A) Encouraging positive behavior 25
B) Reducing the cost of capital 13
C) Improving top-level decision-making 12
Interpretation: this can be evaluated form the above mentioned diagram that when it is asked
about the important of corporate governance in business function, most of the respondents
responded to encouraging positive behavior. This got 25 out of 50 responses. On the other side,
reducing cost capital and improving decision making got 13 and 12 out of 50 respectively. This
states that this is beneficial form business firm.
Theme: bring transparency in work and achieve business objectives
Q4) According to you, is that important for business firm to bring transparency in
work and achieve business objectives?
Frequenc
y
16

A) Act as a critical component 28
B) makes the processes and transactions verifiable 12
C) helps in clearing firm position 10
Interpretation: This can be interpreted from the above stated graph that act as a critical
component got maximum number of response form the total respondents. This is because it got
36% of total response. On the other side, making process and transaction verifiable also got 12
out of 50 where other factor got 10 out of 50.
Theme: The different problems which are faced by business firms in corporate
governance management and strategy formulation process during pandemic
COVID-19
Q5) What are the different problems which are faced by business firms in
corporate governance management and strategy formulation process during
pandemic COVID-19?
Frequenc
y
A) Conflicts of interest 18
B) Oversight issues 15
C) Accountability issues 17
Interpretation: this can be interpreted form the above that there are number of problems which
are faced by business firms in corporate governance management and strategy formulation
process during pandemic COVID-19. Under this, Conflicts of interest, Oversight issues and
Accountability issues are approximately at equal position. This include 18, 15 and 17
respectively form total number of respondents which is 50.
Theme: Impact on productivity
Q6) Do you think that this will impact on productivity of Dell? Frequenc
y
A) YES 35
B) NO 15
Interpretation: This can be interpreted form the above mentioned information that, when it is
asked about impact on productivity of Dell. 40 out of total respondents responded in favor of this
factor. On the other side 10 out of 50 respondent responded in negative way.
Theme: Identification of strategies
Q7) According to you which of the give strategy is useful in dealing with this
problem?
A) Appoint Competent Board Members 16
B) Ensure Timely Information 18
17

C) Prioritize Risk Management 16
Interpretation: This can be interpreted form the above mentioned diagram ensuring timely
information is that factor which is responded by maximum respondent. This include 18 out of 50.
On the other side, Appoint Competent Board Members and Prioritize Risk Management are
acting at equal score. This include responses form 16-16 responses.
Theme: Effectiveness of plan
Q8) What do you think about the plan implemented by Dell in order to solve
issues related to transparency and overcome issues of conflicts of interest to
overcome the negative impact of Covid-19, is it is effective?
Frequenc
y
A) YES 40
B) NO 10
Interpretation: This can be interpreted form the above mentioned graph that when it is asked
about effectiveness of plan, there are high number of positive responses. Under this 40 out of 50
responded in favor of the strategies where 10 out of 50 responded in negative way.
18

SECONDARY RESULTS
Knowledge of corporate governance concepts in success of company
As per the view point of Fedirko, (2020) corporate governance refers as a business practice that
can help managers and directors of company to monitor and undertake decisions and plays
prominent role to provide impact on stakeholders. Corporate governance provide crucial
contribution in development and growth company. It is identified that corporate governance is b
a combination of rules, laws and processes through which company can operate, regulate and
monitor the functioning of company. Corporate governance and its practices provide
organization to evolve healthy relationship among management & board of directors and
stakeholders.
Various problems that have been faced by Dell Technologies in corporate governance
management and strategy formulation process during pandemic COVID-19
There are many issues that company faced during covid-19 time that affect the corporate
governance management and it is analyzed that Covid-19 evolved a new environment that
increase pressure for every company from various stakeholders. It importantly analyzed that
society engagement & corporate citizenship expectations that crucial for the managers and
board of directors of company to obtain the organizational success and help in satisfy
stakeholders groups. company faced issues which are incorporated to providing healthcare
services & accumulate health & safety of employees.
Action plan that Dell Technologies can implement as corporate governance strategies in
order to bring transparency and overcome issues of conflicts of interest to overcome the
negative impact of Covid-19
Proper action plan include various kind of strategies that require effectively implement as per to
obtain better management and cooperation of corporate governance plans and strategy. Some
strategies such as giving proper clarification to employees related to their role of board in
corporate governance play most prominent part through which company can reduce the problems
related to the conflicts of interest,hiring independent audit members & offering training and
development sessions to employees help the company to maintain the accountability and
transparency.
19

RECOMMENDATION AN ACTION PLAN
 As it is being analysed that, concerned business firm is using various principles of
management techniques for brining in efficiency of working of the workforce. However,
respective managers and leaders of the firm should undertake various efforts and
dedication towards evaluation of role of corporate governance in bringing in success of a
business enterprise. Considering role of corporate governance in success of business
enterprise, respective managers and leaders of the workforce should undertake various
incentives for evaluating corporate governance, which will helps in completion of desired
goals and objectives of the workforce.
 As it is being analysed by the report that, the concerned firm faced issues relating to
corporate governance management and also in formulation of various operational
strategies during this pandemic situation of COVID-19. The management department of
the selected firm should focus on formation of more flexible plans and strategies towards
achievement of desired goals and objectives of the workforce. By development of
flexible planning structure in an organisation, it will helps in reducing risk of
uncertainties encountered by operational management while operating its respective
operational activity in given market area of the business firm.
 In every operational firm, it is important to establish quality of coordination between
respective departments of the firm. As by considering current pandemic situation, which
weakened the economy of various infected region of the world. Management department
of concerned company, should focus on establishing transparency in various operational
activities of the workforce. It will helps in extracting best of the ability of respective
staffs working in an organisation.
Objectives
 To evaluate firm's capability for adoption to change using specific model.
 To identify different techniques which is used by concerned business firm to deal with its
uncertain business environment.
 To determine various strategies developed by firm to enhance quality production of its
products and services.
20

Four M”s
Method: It refers to various ways developed to perform respective operational activities
of the business firm. With regards to selected organisation, managers and leaders adopts to
innovative methods for conducting operational activity of the business firm.
Material: It refers to that valuable resource, on which various operational activities are
being concentrated on its conversion to finished goods. In context to chosen firm, production
department of concerned firm, avoids wastage of valuable resources of the firm, which helps in
attaining efficiency in the firm.
Machines: It refers to equipments used by operational management of the firm for
conversion of valuable resources into finished goods. Respective managers and leaders of the
workforce ensures better productivity of the enterprises by adopting innovate use of machineries
in conducting operational activities of the workforce.
Man-power: They are those valuable resource of the company who are concerned with
conversion of various raw materials into finished goods of the business firm. With relation to
chosen firm, recruitment of right talented employee is important for proving to better efficiency
of the operational firm.
ADKAR change model
The ADKAR model of management change is an outcome oriented system of change
management method which aims to limit action to organisational change. This model of change
was presented by Hiatt, who is also the founder of Prosci. It is also known as Prosci change
management methodology. In context to chosen company i.e. Dell Technology, management
department of the concerned business firm in order to implement effective changes, respective
higher authorities of the company uses this model to effectively bring in changes in operational
working as per market customer need. In order to effectively implement changes in management
system of the business organisation, particular goals or steps are to be followed, which ate as
follows:
Creating awareness: In this first step, of bringing in changes in an organisation,
establishing effective communication is being initiated. With light to the fact communicating
various policies and strategies helps in increasing transparency of business in its operational
activities. In context to operational management of Dell Technology, managers and leaders of
the firm, communicate about various decision making relating to any change in the firm.
21

Foster desire: In this next step of change model, better understanding between various
employees as well as higher authorities of the firm is being established. In context to selected
company, leaders as well as managers of the firm aims at establishing better understanding up of
various decisions being passed in concerned business firm.
Provide knowledge: In this element of change, setting up of various training and
development programs is being proceeded. With regards to chosen firm, by proper setting up of
effective training and development programs, along with need for changes, proper education and
knowledge about changed polices of management is being taught in the firm.
Employee ability to adapt changes: In this final goal of managerial change, ensuring and
confirming interest of various employee for change in respective firm is welcomed or not is
being analysed. With relation to selected business enterprise, it is being analysed that interest of
various staffs working in the company is genuine or not. Various managers and leaders of an
organisation ensures that various employees who have agreed on change polices will be able to
justify its formalities in practical or not.
22

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Admati, A.R., 2017. A skeptical view of financialized corporate governance. Journal of
Economic Perspectives, 31(3), pp.131-50.
Adnan, S.M., Hay, D. and van Staden, C.J., 2018. The influence of culture and corporate
governance on corporate social responsibility disclosure: A cross country
analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 198, pp.820-832.
Aguilera, R.V., Florackis, C. and Kim, H., 2016. Advancing the corporate governance research
agenda. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 24(3), pp.172-180.
Aguilera, R.V., Judge, W.Q. and Terjesen, S.A., 2018. Corporate governance deviance. Academy
of Management Review, 43(1), pp.87-109.
ArAs, G., 2016. A handbook of corporate governance and social responsibility. CRC Press.
Bhaduri, S.N. and Selarka, E., 2016. Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility
of Indian companies. Singapore: Springer.
Bhatt, P.R. and Bhatt, R.R., 2017. Corporate governance and firm performance in
Malaysia. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society.
Buallay, A., 2019. Corporate governance, Sharia’ah governance and performance. International
Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management.
Choudhury, M.A. and Hoque, M.Z., 2019. Corporate Governance in Comparative Islamic
Perspective1. In Research in Corporate and Shari’ah Governance in the Muslim
World: Theory and Practice. Emerald Publishing Limited.
Dignam, A. and Galanis, M., 2016. The globalization of corporate governance. Routledge.
Du Plessis, J.J., Hargovan, A. and Harris, J., 2018. Principles of contemporary corporate
governance. Cambridge University Press.
Fedirko, A., 2020. Formation of Competition Policy of the Enterprise in the System of Corporate
Governance.
Jacoby, S.M., 2018. The embedded corporation: Corporate governance and employment
relations in Japan and the United States. Princeton University Press.
Jayasuriya Daluwathumullagamage, D. and Sims, A., 2020. Blockchain-Enabled Corporate
Governance and Regulation. International Journal of Financial Studies. 8(2). p.36.
Lau, C., Lu, Y. and Liang, Q., 2016. Corporate social responsibility in China: A corporate
governance approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 136(1), pp.73-87.
Lau, C., Lu, Y. and Liang, Q., 2016. Corporate social responsibility in China: A corporate
governance approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 136(1), pp.73-87.
Lenis Escobar, A and et. al., 2020. Design of Strategies for the Implementation and Management
of a Complementary Monetary System Using the SWOT-AHP
Methodology. Sustainability. 12(17). p.6849.
Lone, E.J., Ali, A. and Khan, I., 2016. Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility
disclosure: evidence from Pakistan. Corporate Governance: The international
journal of business in society.
Majumder, M.T.H., Akter, A. and Li, X., 2017. Corporate governance and corporate social
disclosures: a meta-analytical review. International Journal of Accounting &
Information Management.
Nakpodia, F. and Adegbite, E., 2018, March. Corporate governance and elites. In Accounting
Forum (Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 17-31). No longer published by Elsevier.
23

Nakpodia, F., Shrives, P.J. and Sorour, M.K., 2020. Examining the link between religion and
corporate governance: insights from Nigeria. Business & Society. 59(5). pp.956-994.
Pargendler, M., 2016. The corporate governance obsession. J. Corp. L., 42, p.359.
Rodriguez-Fernandez, M., 2016. Social responsibility and financial performance: The role of
good corporate governance. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 19(2), pp.137-151.
Samra, E., 2016. Corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions.
Sharma, H.B and et. al., 2020. Challenges, opportunities, and innovations for effective solid
waste management during and post COVID-19 pandemic. Resources, conservation and
recycling, 162, p.105052.
Solomon, J., 2020. Corporate governance and accountability. John Wiley & Sons.
Song, L. and Zhou, Y., 2020. The COVID‐19 Pandemic and Its Impact on the Global Economy:
What Does It Take to Turn Crisis into Opportunity?. China & World Economy. 28(4).
pp.1-25.
Yermack, D., 2017. Corporate governance and blockchains. Review of Finance, 21(1), pp.7-31.
Zattoni, A., 2020. Corporate governance. EGEA spa.
Whincop, M.J., 2017. Corporate governance in government corporations. Routledge.
Online
Corporate Governance: Purpose, Examples, Structures And Benefits. 2020. [Online]. Available
throughhttps://youmatter.world/en/definition/corporate-governance-definition-purpose-and-
benefits/
24