Breast Cancer Report - Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Services Available

Running Head: BREAST CANCER REPORT 1
Breast cancer report
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

BREAST CANCER 2
Table of Contents
Table of Contents...........................................................................................................................2
Introduction....................................................................................................................................4
Prevalence and Quality of Life.....................................................................................................4
Social and Environmental determinants shaping Breast Cancer.............................................5
Environmental Determinants....................................................................................................5
Medical X-Rays.......................................................................................................................5
Radio Therapy treatment......................................................................................................5
Social Determinants...................................................................................................................5
Gender.....................................................................................................................................5
Age...........................................................................................................................................5
Services available to Breast Cancer Patients and places the services are offered...................6
Critique of Services used in addressing Breast Cancer.............................................................6
Recommendation...........................................................................................................................7
Conclusion......................................................................................................................................7
References.......................................................................................................................................8

BREAST CANCER 3
Introduction
Breast cancer is a cancer that affects the breast cells and makes the breast to grow out of
control. Its causes are not well known, however the risk factors have been recognized. It has led
to loss of lives, and has affected the physical and emotional part of human beings. However with
early detection, the recovery process is quite fast. In this report we shall have a deep analysis of
the illness as well as relate it to the case study of Jade.
Prevalence and Quality of Life
Breast cancer has become one of the most of the illnesses that has not only affected
women but also men. Research has shown that it is more prevalent in developed countries and
less common in under -developed countries. It was estimated that over 508,000 women died in
2011 through breast cancer and that over fifty percent of breast cancer cases occur in the most
developed countries and fifty eight percent of breast cancer deaths occur in the less developed
world. There are many risk factors have been established by epidemiological studies. Countries
with affordable mammography have showed to have a reduced the number of deaths from breast
cancer (Wada, et al, 2011).
The main risk factors include race, ethnicity and genetics which form part of the non-
modifiable while the modifiable include diet, physical activity, specific female reproductive
factors and exogenous hormones such as estradiol. Sex hormone levels have been related to
some risk factors such as high alcohol consumption (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre
(NBOCC), 2012). Jade highly relates to this since she is overweight, an alcohol addict and a
regular smoker. However, it is important to note that Jade has a family history of breast cancer.
Such factors cannot be prevented as they are natural.