Brief Analysis of Cell Theory Assignment

Running head: CELL THEORY
A Brief Analysis of living Cell
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1CELL THEORY
Executive Summary
The article highlights the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic types of
cells with a complete description of the two. Further, the structures and organelles present in
the cell are discussed following up with specific diagrams of each organelle. Later in section
two the report discusses plasma membrane and permeability of its regarding the transport of
ions and molecules. In addition, it also discusses the energy activated active transport mode
and non energy formulated passive transport mode. However, it formulates the differences
between normal cell and stem cell in the very last section that is the section 3.

2CELL THEORY
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Discussion..................................................................................................................................3
Section One............................................................................................................................3
Living Cell.........................................................................................................................3
Prokaryotic Cell vs Eukaryotic Cell...................................................................................6
Structure and Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells....................................................................8
Section Two.........................................................................................................................13
Mechanism of diffusion across cell membrane................................................................13
Role of diffusion in regulating nutrients and loss of waste products...............................15
Cellular Respiration.........................................................................................................16
Section Three...........................................................................................................................20
Stem Cells vs Normal Cell...................................................................................................20
Contrast between cancer cells with Embryonic Stem cells..................................................22
Interphase importance..........................................................................................................22
Conclusion................................................................................................................................23
References................................................................................................................................24

3CELL THEORY
Introduction
Cells are the building blocks in multi cellular organisms. While analyzing a narrow
piece of cork in 1665 Robert Hook discovered the cell for the first time.The term cell arises
from a Latin word cells, which describes a small chamber. The study of such chamber was
later described as cytology. However, the discovery by Robert Hook was a dead cell and
hence no traces of living elements were achieved in that whereas in 1674 Anton van
Leeuwehoek became the first person to observe a living cell under the microscope which was
later designated as algae Spirogyra. Theodor Schwaan and Matthias Jakob Schleiden in 1838
noticed certain structures in the cell which was the nuclei as described by Robert Brown in
1833 and hence, by 1839 they were able to propose the cell theory based on their
observations. Further based on the complexity the cells were divided in to Prokaryotic cells
as the simplest cellular structures and Eukaryotic cells as the complex cellular structures
(Richard et al. 2016).

4CELL THEORY
Discussion
Section One
Living Cell
Fig: An Animal Cell
The living cell is a structure enclosed by a semi permeable membrane known as the
plasma Membrane. The living cell consist of cell organelles and a prominent nucleus which
incorporates the genetic material within it. Each cell contains only a single nucleus.
Depending upon the type of the cell, the cells are differentiated into either prokaryotic or
eukaryotic cells (Wonderopolis.org, 2019).
The key characteristics of a living cell are:
 Growth and Development: Cells usually grow to some specific size and stop
afterwards. Subjecting to intrinsic and external causes, the cells stop growing. Growth
promoters are proteins which bind to the plasma membrane in the cellular atmosphere
and guide cells to continue to expand. Growth factors contribute to the proliferation of
cells without inducing cell division by expansion. Different cells in the immediate

5CELL THEORY
surroundings, like in the situation of a neural growth factor (NGf), will segregate
growth inducers into the cellular atmosphere to affect development of cells. Thus,
researchers regard the use of cell growth inducers to facilitate wound healing these
days. After the plasma membrane enveloping the cell reaches in touch of the
membranes of other cells, cells can stop growing. Many genes in the cell are
responsible for synthesizing certain proteins that inhibit cell proliferation. According
to the National Center for Biotechnology Information if one of these processes gets
distressed, the cells growth gets unchecked and hence cancer is formed.
 Homeostasis: Homeostasis is an internal condition that is continuous. Cells must hold
a stable conditions inside themselves in order to survive independently of
modifications beyond the cell. Cell membranes permit the condition between cells to
be controlled by cells. Many items must be kept enclosed, and others must be kept out
of reach. Cells monitor the water flowing into and out of the cell, so that the water
within the cell is in harmony with the water outside of the cell. Along the same lines,
under certain conditions at very different pH and temperature circumstances, certain
basic cellular processes take place. With the help of feedback mechanisms, cells
maintain this equilibrium. A cell senses variations in its intensity of certain chemicals,
including, for example, sodium, in a feedback loop, and then adjusts the sum by
altering elements in a cell membrane that reach or exit the cell.
 Cellular Reproduction: The majority of cells replicate by mitosis, also referred to as
division of cells. For both single as well as multicellular species, mitosis exists. In the
context of single cell organisms, cells doubled up for reproduction, while
multicellular mitosis substitutes damaged and old cells with tissue growth. Mitosis
leads to two daughter cells possessing the same initial cell genetic material.
Duplicates and divides a cell down the centre, for each new cell having identical cell