Challenges of Contemporary Information System Technology

This article discusses the challenges related to contemporary information system technology and its impact on businesses. It explores the ethical and social issues associated with information systems and highlights the importance of data privacy and security. The article also emphasizes the need for organizations to adapt to the changing technological landscape.

Business analytics

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
Evaluating business analytics and current business environment...............................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................2
Developing significant model for Cincinnati zoo.......................................................................2
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................4
Comparing and contrasting various range of business analytics scenario..................................4
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................5
Examining social, ethical and political issues associated with information systems..................5
TASK 5............................................................................................................................................6
Challenges related with contemporary information system technology.....................................6
TASK 6............................................................................................................................................7
Examining the key components associated with business framework for security and control. 7
TASK 7............................................................................................................................................8
Describing how Cincinnati Zoo managed to take samples of the population and what other
sampling methods they could have used.....................................................................................8
TASK 8............................................................................................................................................9
Discussing good visualisation techniques and also evaluating how ineffective visualization
affect Cincinnati zoo...................................................................................................................9
TASK 9..........................................................................................................................................10
Describing two proper visualisation for Cincinnati Zoo...........................................................10
TASK 10........................................................................................................................................11
Defining the four V’s of Big Data............................................................................................11
TASK 11........................................................................................................................................12
Analysing appropriate tools in handling Big Data for Cincinnati Zoo.....................................12
TASK 12........................................................................................................................................13
Construct a solution for Cincinnati Zoo to handle the current situation of the COVID-19 using
Big Data....................................................................................................................................13

TASK 13........................................................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Business analytics is referred to as a field which helps in driving data driven changes
within the business. It helps in statistical analysis which tends to eventually focus on effective set
of recommendation to deliver better insights. This study highlights on Evaluating business
analytics and current business environment. It also creates a model for attaining competitive
advantage. It examines social, ethical and political issues associated with information systems.
Furthermore, this report evaluate challenges related with contemporary information system
technology. This study also examine the good visualisation techniques. Moreover, this study also
demonstrates the four V’s which is highly associated with Big Data. It also evaluates the
appropriate tools in handling Big Data. Furthermore, this study helps in handling current
situation related with COVID – 19 with the help of big data. This study also highlights on
characteristics and effectiveness of the key performance indicators.
TASK 1
Evaluating business analytics and current business environment.
Business analytics is considered to be as a skills, technologies, continuous iterative
exploration and complete investigation to the past performance of the business. It helps in
gaining high degree of insight and also helps in driving the business planning (Hofmann and
Klinkenberg, 2016). Business analytics is considered to be as a field which helps in driving data
driven changes within the business. It is also useful in driving practical changes within the
organization. Business analytics is useful for carrying statistical analysis which focuses on
effectively setting recommendation in order to deliver better insights for carrying out business.
Business analytics is mainly associated with the practice, skills and technologies which is highly
significant to analyse the performance of the business. It is very useful for continuous iterative
exploration of the business and also investigating the business performance. Business analytics is
highly beneficial because it helps in collating, studying and processing the business data and
transform it into effective insights to gain better knowledge about the business performance.
The Business environment has been marked by various set of changes and specific
diversification. The business environment has been doing exceptionally well because they have
been working with advanced technology, software development, information communication
technology, logistics, biology, aviation, etc. which in turn are considered to be as the business
environment (MALTA’S BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, 2020). It helps in carrying out the
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business with high degree of accuracy and efficiency. It has been doing exponentially well in
order to carry out financial services. The country has been offering various set of services which
eventually leads to higher operational growth and sustainability (Laursen, and Thorlund, 2016).
There are various effective set of healthcare facilities which helps in delivering the best possible
results. It is very significant because it tends to offer high degree of strategic position by
effectively developing prominent telecommunication system. However, the business
environment of the country is associated with diversification and change.
TASK 2
Developing significant model for Cincinnati zoo.
Key Partners  Owners
 IBM and BrightStar Partners
 Government
 Government agencies
 Public health
 Corporate partners
Key activities  Complying with the laws and policies.
 Breeding of animals.
 Conservation and research.
Key resources  People to visit Zoo.
 Diverse range of animals
 Food and drinking services
Value proposition  Providing wide range of animals in
order to stimulate the experience of the
customers.
 Protecting the animals and providing
them with proper care.
Customer relationship  Providing membership and loyalty
programs which helps in building
appropriate degree of customer
relationship.
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 Providing them with wide range of
quality services like guide, golf carts,
etc.
Customer segment  Galaxy POS from Gateway Ticketing
Systems.
 Centralized data warehouse
 Price of admissions
Channels  Direct mail marketing
 Targeted marketing
 Recognition programs
 Social media platforms
Cost structure  Maintenance of the Cincinnati zoo
 Taking care and feeding of the animals.
Revenue streams  Admission of the customers
 Membership for Zoo
 Food and service
 Retail
Porter’s generic competitive strategies
1. Cost leadership: The Cincinnati zoo tends to effectively carry out their business
operations by reparing a budget plan (Vidgen, Shaw and Grant, 2017). The zoo tends to
focus on the attainment of the economies of scale, appropriate use of the raw materials
and appropriate use of the technology, etc. are considered to be as the key factors which
in turn eventually results in the attainment of the better set of results and productivity.
2. Differentiation: It is one of the most unique feature which in turn tends to help in
establishing a business which is differentiated from the competitors. The Cincinnati Zoo
tends to focus on charging reasonable admission fee to the Zoo. It also tends to
effectively provide various range of membership programs and loyalty programs in order
to offer discounted offers to the customers. This way it is very prominent in increasing
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the customer base to the Cincinnati Zoo which eventually leads to better operational
efficiency and productivity.
3. Cost focus: The Cincinnati zoo tends to focus on effectively reaching the cost advantage
by creating a Galaxy POS from Gateway Ticketing Systems. Centralizing of the data
warehouse is also one of the most significant measure which helps in the attainment of
the better results and productivity.
4. Differentiation focus: Wide range of varied animals and species have been bought in the
zoo in order to effectively create wide set of competitive advantage within the market. It
offers relaxation services, recreational services, etc. which in turn helps Cincinnati zoo to
create wide set of competitive advantage within the market.
TASK 3
Comparing and contrasting various range of business analytics scenario.
Gateway Ticketing System: Gateway ticketing system is one of the world’s leading admission
control and effective ticketing software which helps in attracting people from across the globe.
Gateway ticketing system is very useful because it helps in offering sales and also effective
support and services for the specific ticketing system (Duan, and Xiong, 2015). Galaxy POS is
one of the most effective point of sale solution which focus on providing stable, reliable and
user-friendly point of sale solutions which helps in promoting business growth and sustainability.
It is very useful and strengthening the good quality products at a competitive price. Gateway
ticketing system is very useful in delivering incredible experience to the customers. It helps the
customers and employees in coming together in order to share feelings, best practice and
thoughts which helps in delivering incredible experience to the customers. It tends to provide
various services such as scanning of tickets, operational control, ticket lookup, return to the
specific point of sale, etc. which in turn helps in effectively delivering various range of services
to the customers on a real time basis. Gateway ticketing system is very useful and administrating
system and also providing database assistance in order to integrate and configure the system. It is
very useful in providing professional set of services which facilitates the customers from front
gate to admission control initiatives. Gateway ticketing system is one of the most prominent
method because it helps in protecting individual against fraud. Gateway ticketing system is one
of the most affective platform which helps in balancing various range of services and also
provide reliable and stable environment at the Cincinnati zoo (Shmueli and et.al., 2017). It is
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very useful in taking informed business decisions by generating revenue with various sales
channels with compliance with attendance report. Gateway ticketing system is one of the most
prominent approach because it helps in engaging with guest with effective customer relationship
management. Gateway ticketing system is scalable which has in meeting the needs and living
security and compliance audit in order to comply with each requirements of the Cincinnati zoo.
IBM Cognos Business Intelligence: It is considered to be a web-based integrated business
intelligent which helps in suite integrated business intelligence. It is very useful tool which helps
in providing base for analytics, score carding, reporting and monitoring of the events. The
software consist of several range of components which has been designed to meet various
information requirements within the organisation. IBM Cognos Business Intelligence is one of
the most affective software which has been designed and enabling Cincinnati zoo uses in order to
extract wide range of corporate data and also assemble reports and analysing the same reports
without any technical knowledge (Cao, Duan and Li, 2015). It is considered to be very useful
analysing and monitoring various set of mission critical data. IBM Cognos Business Intelligence
is considered to be beneficial in providing business intelligence on real-time basis and also helps
in reporting various set of information. IBM Cognos Business Intelligence is very significant
because it tends to focus on providing real time analytics and reporting. It is considered to be as
an integrated business intelligence which is very useful in meeting various set of information
requirements related with the Cincinnati Zoo.
TASK 4
Examining social, ethical and political issues associated with information systems.
The key ethical issues associated with information system with accuracy of the data,
ownership of information, accessibility of information, quality of life, reliability and security of
the data, occupational health and safety of the information technology employees are considered
to be as the key ethical issues associated with the information system (Camm and et.al., 2020).
Social issues related with the information rights, system quality, accountability, etc. are
considered to be as the key prominent issues which in turn eventually are mainly associated with
the social issues of information system.
Political issues is an effective information system are associated with the payment systems,
contracting, privacy concerns, business torts, intellectual property, criminal liability, hacking,
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fraud, computer trespass, etc. are considered to be as the key concerns which is mainly linked
with the key political issues related with the information system.
The key related political, ethical and social issues which in turn is considered to be as one
of the most effective measure because it helps in attaining the best possible relations. Hacking of
the personal information is considered to be of utmost importance (Sun, Strang, and Firmin,
2017). For example, hacking of all the personal information which in turn eventually affects the
reputation of the company. The Cincinnati Zoo is considered to be as one of the most effective
measure because it helps in protecting all the information which in turn eventually helps in
protecting the interest of the customers.
Another key prominent example associated with the Cincinnati Zoo is that, they comply
with various other general data protection regulation act which in turn is considered to be highly
prominent in protecting all the personal information and data. Effective payment system while
complying with the effective payment system such as Gateway ticketing system which is highly
prominent in the attainment of the higher operational goals and productivity. Privacy concern is
of utmost accuracy where the Cincinnati Zoo focuses on effectively protecting the wide set of
data which in turn eventually leads to better accuracy and efficiency.
TASK 5
Challenges related with contemporary information system technology.
Contemporary data storage is one of the most effective approach which helps in analysing
data and enabling companies to gather personal information about the individual from varied
sources. Contemporary information technology is useful in providing distribution of information
to the management of the company. It is one of the most prominent in integral approach which
leads to gaining wider set of information from computerised technology. Internet tends to pose
high degree of issue related with privacy of information and also associated with intellectual
property for the Cincinnati zoo. Large set of data which has been flowing over the internet can be
effectively monitored at various points. The various set of copies and other web monitoring tools
which helps in easy tracking the activities. One of the key challenge associated with the
contemporary information system is that it is mainly composed of devices machines and various
hard physical technology which requires organisational, intellectual investment in order to work
properly. Complying with the current needs of the environment is one of the most integral
challenge which has been faced because of contemporary information system technology which
6

results in failure to strategies and meeting organisational needs of the business. There are various
range of ethical and social Issues which are highly associated with contemporary information
system technology (Wilder and Ozgur, 2015). Computer errors and software and hardware
problems is one of the most crucial challenge which can affect the operations of the business.
Moreover, poor data quality is also associated with destruction and losses for business which is
one of the key prominent challenge related with the contemporary information system
technology.
Intellectual property is mainly associated with protecting the human intellect with the
help of patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secret. It is very useful in protecting the artistic
work with symbols, name and imagery of the Cincinnati zoo. This way it helps in creating a high
degree of competitive advantage within the market which leads to higher operational goals and
sustainability.
Protection of individual privacy and intellectual property is on the most challenging issue for
the Cincinnati zoo (Hofmann and Klinkenberg, 2016). Protection of individual privacy by
complying the general data protection regulation is of utmost importance because it helps in
protecting the personal information of the customers and various set of data associated with the
business. This way it helps in carrying out business in at most ethical and reasonable manner.
TASK 6
Examining the key components associated with business framework for security and control.
An organisation framework for security and control comprises of various set of
components which helps in addressing and maintaining successful security and control within the
organisation (Laursen, and Thorlund, 2016). Security control framework to have a
comprehensive catalogue of controls which is mainly designed to maintain and build secure
process application and system associated with Cincinnati zoo. The security control framework
is one of the most prominent approach which helps in addressing both privacy as well as
cybersecurity which has been designed to set of information within the Cincinnati zoo. The
security control framework is considered to be of utmost importance because it helps in
maintaining a secure process. It is useful in dictating security components and elements to the
Cincinnati Zoo with high degree of information technology software. It is very useful in creating
success within the business which in turn leads to the attainment of the higher operational goals
and standards.
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Data security breach is an incident which results in stealing of confidential data of the
individual organisation. Data breach can involve set of personal information, financial
information, business plan, credit card details, bank details, personal health information, which
in turn largely influence the reputation of the company. The Cincinnati zoo must focus on
complying with the general data protection regulation act which in turn is very useful because it
eventually helps in attainment of high operational growth and sustainability. It is very useful
protecting personal information of the individual and the organisation which helps in creating
goodwill in the eyes of the company (Vidgen, Shaw and Grant, 2017). Data breach eventually
leads to affect the goodwill and reputation of the organisation which also results in emotional
and physical distress. In order to protect data breach the organisation must focus on complying
with effective hardware and software which prevents leaking of data. Software must be up-to-
date and must be encrypted in order to safeguard each data within the computer and prevents
data breach. Encryption is very useful because it eventually helps in the protection of the data
from getting breach. Automation of the securities is also one of the most prominent measures
which Helps in firewall configuration and reducing data security breaches. Educating and
training employees is one of the most prominent measure which helps in securing vulnerable
passwords and also protection of personal data within Cincinnati zoo. Moreover, protecting all
the data in the cloud and creating a back- up plan is considered to be of utmost importance which
helps in protecting the data from getting breach.
TASK 7
Describing how Cincinnati Zoo managed to take samples of the population and what other
sampling methods they could have used.
Random sampling method is considered to be one of the most prominent sampling method
which has been used by the Cincinnati zoo. It is one of the most pure form of sampling. Here
each individual from the large number of population tends to get equal number of chance of
being selected within the sample size. However when there is large degree of population it is
difficult to Select the appropriate sample (Sun, Strang, and Firmin, 2017). Large sample size in
turn results in biased set of data. The Cincinnati zoo has carried out survey by distributing
questionnaire to each individual of the sample size in order to get answers to the relevant set of
questions which has been framed within the questionnaire. Effective survey will be carried out
which helps in demonstrating answers which comprises of both open ended and close ended
8

questions. It is very useful and relevant to gain answers to the prescribed question sets (Hofmann
and Klinkenberg, 2016). Questionnaire is considered to be one of the most prominent sample
method which has been adopted by the Cincinnati see course it is relatively cheaper and easy to
carry out the research. It helps in gaining quicker response and also gain wider view sets of each
respondents who has been selected within the sample size. Using questionnaire is one of the most
prominent approach because it helps in collecting wide set of information from large number of
population within the short period of time. It helps in gaining valid and reliable set of data which
can be analysed by the researcher.
Another method which can be adopted by the Cincinnati zoo is systematic sampling method.
Systematic sampling method is one of the statistical method which involves selection of
elements (Shmueli and et.al., 2017). Random individuals are selected from large population
which results in getting wider set of perspective related to the specific subject matter. Systematic
sampling method is useful in gaining wider set of results to the management of the Cincinnati
zoo.
TASK 8
Discussing good visualisation techniques and also evaluating how ineffective visualization affect
Cincinnati zoo.
Visualising technique is very useful which helps in communicating wide set of message in
a visual manner and visual imaginary manner to the large number of customers. It is useful in
creating images, animations which helps in attracting large number of customers from across the
globe in order to attain improve the customer base (Hofmann and Klinkenberg, 2016). One of the
key and prominent visualisation technique is that it is very important to know the customers and
the need of the customers. The content should be very inspiring to the customers in order to
attract them to the Cincinnati zoo and also inspired and tailor the audience in order to create high
degree of customer base for the Cincinnati zoo. Using images and handling big set of data and
using of the colour theory is one of the most prominent visualisation technique for the Cincinnati
zoo because it helps in improving the functions of the business and also business analytics.
Key performance indicator is one of the most prominent method which helps in setting the
benchmark and evaluating the areas which results in higher degree of revenue for the Cincinnati
zoo. Creating chart diagrams helps in visually interpreting large set of data for over the years
which helps in attaining better set of Insight and taking necessary decision. Reserve the right
9

visualisation technique is one of the most prominent approach which leads to generation of high
degree of revenue for the company. Selecting the right colour theory helps in improving the
overall success of the visualisation model because it helps in attracting the customers because of
the presentation. Visualisation technique is one of the most prominent approach because it helps
in interpreting, presenting and handling big set of data. Use of the appropriate social media
platforms such as Twitter marketing, blogging, SEO, LinkedIn, Facebook, internet, social media
platforms, Twitter, YouTube, digital marketing, et cetera are considered to be the key prominent
platforms which helps in creating better network for the customers and attracting large number of
customers from across the globe in order to visit Cincinnati zoo.
Ineffective visualisation technique can affect the revenues of the Cincinnati zoo because it
will lower the customer base and will result in lower profit for the Cincinnati zoo (Sun, Strang,
and Firmin, 2017). Hence it is very crucial to select the right visualisation technique for the
Cincinnati zoo in order to attract large number of customers from across the globe in order to
increase the revenue streams and attain competitive advantage in the market.
TASK 9
Describing two proper visualisation for Cincinnati Zoo
Data visualization is the communication of the data in a visual manner that help to
turning the raw data into the insights so that it is easily interpreted by the reader. In the case of
Cincinnati Zoo, two best types of visualization for data exploring are as mention below:
 Hierarchical : it is belongs to the hierarchical category and it is best suited for the long
data when visualizing it in the cluster of information, especially when it is in the single
origin point. The best example of this is Tree diagram that easily analyse the relationship
between all the variables. Through this data, Cincinnati Zoo will easily determine the
solution of each problem which in turn assist to increase the sales and this in turn assist
many solutions as well (Tools of data visualization, 2019). Using tree diagram, company
determine the problem which needs to be solved as early as possible and that is why, it
help to solve the problem of Cincinnati Zoo as well.
 Geospatial: It is another data visualization which is related to real life physical location
and also overlaying the familiar maps with different data points. For example, Heat map
is one of the top example under this, which help to show the relationship between two
measures and also provide rating information as well. Through the rating system,
10

company is easily determine the which solution is good or bad for the company, and also
which department needs to more improvement. Therefore, it is analysed that through this,
the company avoid the multiple pattern and this in turn assist to avoid distracting from
any data (Murray, 2017). For example, Cincinnati Zoo use this visualization in order to
determine which food stall is best-selling in last five months, so that company take action
accordingly.
TASK 10
Defining the four V’s of Big Data
Big data has important characteristic and properties which help Cincinnati Zoo to
understand challenge and advantage of initiative. As he data produced in overall country is huge
and that is why, through four V’s of big data, company collect the information and also sort out
the following. So, four V’s are as mention below:
Volume: Big data is always large because in every day, the information produced is huge
in volume. That is why, it require different process technologies which help to store the data and
use the information in better manner. That is why, most of the top company uses laptop and
desktop processor which help to store the data in secured manner (Walny and et.al., 2019). In the
same way, Cincinnati Zoo is also facing issue and that is why, it has to introduce big data
analytics, in which attendance of the labour and supervisor is feed in order to calculate the
number of days working. Similarly, most of the company uses this advance technique in order to
meet the define aim.
Variety: This makes data big such that big data comes from a great variety of sources and
it is come generally in three form such that Structured, semi- structured and unstructured data.
Such that this variety in data requires distinct processing capabilities and algorithms. As there are
many ways though which the data is secured and generated such that laptop and desktop. So,
Cincinnati Zoo also uses variety of data like, social media in which it offer the discount offer to
their customers in order to attract the range of customers towards it (Cheng and Wu, 2020).
Velocity: It means that the speed through which the data is generated. Such that high
velocity data means it need distinct processing technique, i.e. Facebook and Twitter. In the same
way, to attract most of the customer, Cincinnati Zoo should also use this social medial platform
11

where data is reach to large people (Dremel et.al., 2020). Such that by posting any add and
different discount, company reach range of public and increase the sales as well.
Veracity: It means the quality of data which is organized in the company. Such that
higher veracity data has many records that contribute to the meaningful way to generate the best
results. As the Cincinnati Zoo has many people to work and that is why, it needs a produce the
best veracity of data that helps to meet the define aim of the company as well (Lengauer, 2020).
TASK 11
Analysing appropriate tools in handling Big Data for Cincinnati Zoo
Cincinnati Zoo is facing issue to organize and analyse the data in better manner and that
is why, it require two best method that will assist to cope up with the challenge. These two tools
are as mention below:
 Apache Hadoop: It is a software framework which is employed for cluster file system
and in the same way, manager of zoo has less interest and knowledge to manage the
work. That is why, this tool assist the company to hold all types of data which includes
video, images, JSON and XML over the fie system. On the other side, it is also analysed
that this system in beneficial for the research and development purpose and also provide
quick access to data as well (Big data tool, 2019). Through this tool, company is easily
maintain the high available service resting on a cluster of a computer. Such that
Cincinnati Zoo is also facing an issue of not having day to day happening in the zoo. That
is why, it is essential for the company to use this application in order to maintain daily
routine of the work which assist to analyse total revenue of the firm.
 MangoDB: It is another tool which is used by the company in order to support the
multiple operating system which includes Windows Vista and Linux. In addition to this,
it is also analysed that through this system, company is easily learn many things and
provide the best way and support the multiple technologies and platform as well (Lee and
Viswanath, 2020). Thus, Cincinnati Zoo is also use this in order to attract rang of
customer by posting the ads in the online social media which in turn increase the sales
and enhance the customer satisfaction as well. This method is low and reliable as
compared to other methods.
12

TASK 12
Construct a solution for Cincinnati Zoo to handle the current situation of the COVID-19 using
Big Data
Due to the pandemic issue over the world, COVID- 19, Cincinnati Zoo uses its own
method in order to provide a live and better experience to their customers. Such that the
company may conduct a live interview test using online technology in which the firm director
may share their own views in order to determine who the Cincinnati Zoo is run. Such that on the
world’s Earth Day, Josh interviewing Tony James in order to determine how the zoo is operating
during this pandemic time. So through the interview session, Josh want to determine with this
lockdown, how animal feed and live their life. At that time, the director state that they arrange all
the necessary item for their animal so that they it did not affect them in adverse manner.
On the other side, it is also suggested to the firm to upload the live videos by the zoo on
the social media and its website page so that the animal lover enjoy these by feeling the live
experience at zoo. Through this live photos and images, it is analysed that it will be easy handle
the situation of COVID – 19. Further in its own website, company have a daily zoo news on
which company upload the daily news for their animal lover people. In the same, this advance
technology should be used in more better manner so that it will creates positive impact upon
customers and also use of big data as well (Ngo, Hwang and Zhang, 2020). Further, it is clearly
analysed that due to lockdown, visitors are not allowed, at that time, it is not possible to increase
the sales. That is why, in order to overcome the problem, company should organize an
application for its regular members so that they offer the discount offer in order to attract them.
Also, company has to make sure that through this, it offer range of loyalty cards to their
customer, which assist to attract towards them. In return, it will help to increase the sales and
leave a positive impression upon the customers as well.
It has also analysed that Cincinnati Zoo has increase the followers during the lockdown
and that is why, company has to take advantage of this situation which in turn assist to increase
the brand image, even if the door is shut. As, it is suggested that Google trend data shows that
there is a high search of Cincinnati Zoo in US ad that is why, it draw attention of million of
people towards it. As the company also launch a video of livestream by Cincinnati Zoo featuring
Fiona, a charming hippopotamus where staff answering the question of customer through online.
In the same way, it is also suggested to the company to offer the same series during the
13

lockdown or small live videos to their customer through which the company collect thousands of
dollars in order to attract the range of people towards it.
TASK 13
Enclosed in PPT
CONCLUSION
This study summarizes that, the Business environment is ever changing. Porter’s generic
competitive strategies to gain competitive advantage. Gateway Ticketing System and IBM
Cognos Business Intelligence are key business analytics. General data protection regulation act
which in turn is considered to be highly prominent in protecting all the personal information.
Random sampling method is considered to be one of the most prominent sampling method which
has been used by the Cincinnati zoo.
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