Business and the Business Environment

This document provides an overview of the different types and purpose of organizations and their legal structure. It also discusses the scope and size of organizations and the relationship between different organizational functions. The document focuses on Tesco, a private organization, NHS, a public organization, and Oxfam, a voluntary organization.

Business and the
business
Environment
Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
P1 Different types and purpose of organization and their legal structure..............................3
P2 Explain the scope and size of organisation.......................................................................6

P3 Relationship between different organizational functions..................................................7
P5 Pestle analysis of organization along with their negative and positive impact.................9
P6 Internal analysis of the organisation................................................................................12
P6 Interrelation of strength & weakness with the external macro factors............................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Business environment is defined as a combination of external and internal factors such as
suppliers, customer requirement, owners, supply & demand and many more. Along with this,
external factors also include government regulations, technology, economic conditions, exchange
rate and so on. It is determined that business environment assist in identifying business growth
and opportunities (Akhtar, 2018). It also assist in enhancing overall productivity of the company.
Business environment plays an important role as it has both negative and positive effect on the
performance of an organization. For the present report, TESCO is chosen as a base company. It
is a private organization that mainly deals in household products and grocery items. The
company was established in the year 1939 and its head office is located in London, United
Kingdom. It has around 7,000 stores worldwide which shows Tesco has high market share.
Oxfam is a voluntary organization whose main objective is to remove poverty from the world &
raise living standard of people. For the public organization, NHS is taken into consideration. It
was founded in the year 1948 that provide social care service to the individuals. The report
covers legal difference among private, public and voluntary organization along with their legal
structures. The size and scope of this three organization is discuss in the report. In addition to
this, interrelation among different functions of company and how these functions help company
to attain objectives is described in a proper manner. Moreover, analysis of external and internal
capabilities take place by using different frameworks like PESTLE analysis and SWOT analysis.
The interrelation among macro factors and strength of company is discuss in detail in the report.
Furthermore, the report discus about internal analysis that has influence on organisation
performance. Later, the interrelationship among the strength and weakness with macro
environmental factors is covered in the report.
P1 Different types and purpose of organization and their legal structure
Public Organization: These organization is totally controlled as well as owned by
government of a country. Public organization mainly work in order to improve economic
conditions of the nation and to improve conditions of people. They five effective and best service
to customers so that they can develop brand image or reputation at marketplace. In the present
context, National Health Service is undertaken as a public organization that give best health

service to the poor people. It was founded in the year 1948 with an aim to give free health
service to people who cannot afford treatment easily.
 Purpose: NHS is a public organisation with an objective of giving free health service of
the people prevailing in the country. They provide best service to individuals in order to
improve their health in a proper manner.
 Legal structure: It is determined that in public organisation, the government is taking all
the decision about the activities associated with these organisation. If it is talked about
National Health Service, the government as well as central government take decision
about the organisation (Becher, 2018). The decision they communicate to the higher
authorities which they further communicate to all staff members prevailing in the
company. There is no delay in decision and activities that is going to implement is one of
the advantage of this legal structure. The drawback of this legal structure is no
participation of higher authorities that may bring down their productivity as well as
confidence level.
 Stakeholders: In public organisations, stakeholders play vital role as they invest money
on business due to which all the activities is executed in a proper manner. They take
equal proportion of profit that is earn by the companies. The stakeholders in public
organisation are government, financial institutions and so on. It is determined that all this
stakeholders effect on the working conditions and performance of public companies. In
addition to this, there are also other stakeholders such as trustees, local authorities etc.
Private organisation: Private organisation involves sole proprietorship, partnership,
agencies and may more. They are not the public body and operate in order to earn higher profits.
In addition to this, private organisations is a non-federal body that is self- established and sustain
in market with their good performance. TESCO is a private organisation that mainly deals in
essential and grocery items. The company has more than 7,000 stores globally that is operated by
1, 10,000 effective and talented employees. The company offer high quality and on time service
to customer in order to gain success and earn higher profits.
 Purpose: Tesco is a private company and is a multinational retailer that offers high
quality grocery. The company was founded by John Cohen and its head office is situated
in London, United Kingdom. The company was founded with an objective to provide

quality product at affordable to customers prevailing at marketplace. Tesco mainly
emphasise on fulfilling customer requirements as it help in increasing customer base level
which has a positive effect on its sales as well as profitability.
 Legal structure: The legal structure if private organisation is wholly depend on higher
authorities, chief executive officer and board of directors of company. They take all the
decision regarding activities and operation of the company. In relation to Tesco, its
manager follow all the legal regulations and rules in order to implement or run out
activities in a proper as well as smooth manner. The higher authorities of company take
decision by analysing market trends and customer requirements so that they can easily
fulfil their needs and gain higher profits as well. The managers ensure that all the
responsibilities is clear in the mind of customers so that productivity and profitability
increases. The advantage of this legal structure is all the functions and operations is
carried out in a proper manner whereas the drawback is it lower down the confidence and
motivation level of employees as they are not allowed to participate in decision making
process.
 Stakeholders: Stakeholders are the person that is associated with the objectives and
results a company gain from the market. The productivity as well as performance of an
organization is impact on the behavior of stakeholders. With reference to Tesco, its
stakeholders are customers, investors, employees, financial institutions, government and
many more. All these stakeholders assist company to gain higher growth and success
within the market.
Voluntary organization: These organizations have no controlled, managed as well as
directed by the government. In addition to this, it is a set of activities that is owned by
government as well as external members. For the present report, Oxfam is taken into
consideration as voluntary organization. The company was established in the year 1942
by Cecil Jackson in England. Oxfam is associated with 20 independent trust. Their main
objective is to decline poverty from all over the world effectively.
 Purpose: The main motive is to make people as well as societies free from poverty. The
vision of the organisation is to raise the living standard of people so they can reduce the
level of poverty from environment (Belyaeva, 2018). Thus, Oxfam take initiative and
effective decisions in order to implement tasks and activities that is related with the

welfare of people. In addition to this, their mission is to bring equality between the
people living in the country.
 Legal Structure: The legal structure of this organisation is totally depend on the top
authorities and trustees of the organisation. With reference to Oxfam, the decision about
activities, operations and functions that is going to implement is taken by trustees of the
organisation. They ensure that effective decisions should be taken so that societies can be
developed in an effective manner.
 Stakeholders: Stakeholders are one who is highly take interest on the overall activities
and functions of an organization. They are associated with all the decisions so that they
can get to know about the profitability of company. The stakeholders are beneficiaries,
staff members, founders and many more. Along with this, there are also different types of
stakeholders that is customers, project members, sponsors, project teams and so on.
Four main organizational structure
Function based : There are various functions in an organization such as marketing, Human
resource, operations and many more. It is essential for company to have an organization structure
that consider all the functions in an effective manner.
Geography based: Herein, the organization structure is developing by consider all the
geographic locations on which the products and services of company is served.
Product based: The main focus is on the product so that it can develop value to customer and
improve brand image of company in the market.
Customer based: In this type of organization structure, the main focus is on the customers with
an aim to fulfil their requirements and attain success at marketplace.
P2 Explain the scope and size of organisation
There are mainly three different types of organisation that is private, public and voluntary.
The scope and size of these departments is different which are as follows:
Private Organisation: TESCO
It is a multinational store that offer grocery and household essentials in more than 40
counties. Tesco is the third biggest retailer in the world and its head office is located at London,
United Kingdom

Product & service: The Company offers large range of goods according to the
requirement of customers in market. The major products of Tesco is clothing, food & beverages,
grocery financial service and may more.
Size and scope: Tesco has wide scope as it offer high quality product as well as on time
service to customers. The company has more than 7,000 stores worldwide that is operated by its
500,000 talented and effective employees.
Vision and mission: The mission of Tesco is “To offer high quality goods at affordable
price in order to raise standard of people”. The vision statement of Tesco is “To develop value
and gain leading position in the industry”.
The company want to be the first choice of customers which will assist company to gain
success rapidly and effectively. The company adopt new technology in order to provide on time
service to customers and solve their queries in an effective manner.
Public organisation: NHS
National Health Service was established in the year 1948 with an objective to provide
free health service to the poor people in order to make their life healthy and better as well. The
organization also provide optical care service and dental service to the people.
Product & services: National Health Service provide different types of service such as
dental care, optical service and many more. In addition to this, the organisation also provide
emergency services, medical check-up at free of cost to the poor people.
Size and scope: The present employees of organisation is around 17,000 but due to
Brexit, many staff members leave the organisation, the scope of organisation in future is wide as
it is planning to provide medical training to people so that they can learn and provide health
service to the poor people.
Vision & mission: The vision statement of NHS is “To make life of people healthier in a
best possible manner”. The mission of organisation is “To expand the services in more countries
so that they can reach to maximum people and provide them health service”.
Voluntary organisation: Oxfam
Oxfam was established in the year 1995 as a semi government organisation whose main
aim is to remove poverty from the country. The organisation offer humanitarian service to large
number of population in order to increase their living standard in a proper manner.

Product & service: The Company is mainly work for the development of societies and
provide services such as fight with poverty, long term development, emergency response and
many more.
Size and scope: The scope of Oxfam is vast as they work for removing poverty from the
nation. The organisation provide their service through 20 charitable organisation in all over the
world.
Vision & mission: The Vision of organisation is “To make world free from poverty”.
The mission of Oxfam is “To challenge structure and law of injustice in order to provide equality
to the people”.
Difference between micro, small, medium and large organisation
Basis Small medium large
Employees In the small
organisation, there are
10 employes in ;local
business and in
manufacturing
industries it is aroung
50 employees
In the medium size
organisation, there are
less than 250
employees in the
organisation.
In the organisation,
where more than 250
employees are
working is consider as
large size company.
Investment In the small
companies, there is
investment of more
than 25 lakhs but less
than 5 crore in case of
manufacturing
industry.
Herein, investment is
more than 5 crore and
less than 10 crore in
case of manufacturing
industry
The organisation is
consider when there is
investment of more
than 10 crore
P3 Relationship between different organizational functions
There are various departments in an organization that perform various functions in order to
achieve a common goal. They perform different tasks and consist of different responsibilities for
business process effectively. The different departments are marketing, IT, finance, Human
resource, operations, customer service, sales and many more. In relation to Tesco, it is a

multinational grocer retailer that provide prime brokerage, retail services & security dealings as
well. The company have various departments that perform as per the instruction of higher
authorities of Tesco in order to attain objective within given time frame. The different types of
department along with their interrelation is give in relation to Tesco:
Illustration : Organisational Structure
(Source: Organisational Structure, 2019)
Marketing Department & operation department: Both the department plays an important
role in an organisation and assist company to give quality service to customers in an effective
manner. The marketing department identify the market trends and customer requirements which
assist Tesco to satisfy customer and retain them for longer time frame. In addition to this,
marketing department analyse customer demand and communicate it to operation department so
that they can produce products accordingly. It help Tesco to cut down their cost of inventory and
raise profitability level. Moreover, it assist higher authorities to maintain an equilibrium between
demand and supply that has a positive effect on the overall performance and revenue level of the
organisation. By the assistance of this interrelationship, Tesco is able to provide on time service
to their customers that impact on the mind set of customers in a positive manner. Furthermore, it

help company to strengthen their market position and gain leading position in that particular
sector globally.
Marketing Department and Finance Department – The marketing department of the
company is responsible for managing and developing the scale of a business and attracting the
customers. The finance department of the company is responsible for monitoring financial
condition of a company based on financial statement that observe on daily basis (Damarwulan
and Farida, 2018). Tesco operates their marketing department effectively by managing their
financial department properly. They attract their customers through effective marketing and
generate higher profit for the company. Both the departments play an equal and important role
for Tesco Company.
Human resource department and IT department – Human resource department of the
company consist selecting and recruiting, training job applicants, and administering employee-
benefit programs. IT department includes monitoring, maintaining and developing information
technology system and services within the organization. Tesco recruit talented people and
provide them efficient training by using information technology. IT department provide creative
and updated software to human resource department of the company. Both the departments
complement each other and help in increasing the productivity and profitability of Tesco.
From the above discussion, it is determined that all departments of an organisation is
interrelated with each other and help company to gain higher growth and success as well. It is
important for mangers of Tesco to ensure that effective relation is maintained among all these
departments as it assist in implementing out activities in a proper as well as accurate manner.
Along with this, interrelation among this departments strengthens market position of company
which has a positive influence on sales and profitability of Tesco.
Role of HR: One of the major role of Human resource department is to attract talent and
hire talent for the organisation that directly leads to increase in productivity of an organisation. In
addition to this, training and development, employee relationship, providing positive working
environment is also the role of HR in an organisation.
Role of marketing: The main role of marketing is to promote the goods and service in
market in order to increase customer base level and enhance sales of company. In addition to
this, developing marketing strategy and implement them is also the role of market department of
company.

Role of finance: The role of finance department is to ensure availability of resources in
order to properly implement activities of company. In addition to this, managing finance,
budgeting are also the activities performed by finance department of an organisation.
Role of operations: One of the important role played by operations department is to
ensure balance between demand and supply. In addition to this, implementing all the activities in
an effective manner and decline the level of waste of production is performed by operations
department.
Business objectives
Increasing sales: One of the objective of an organisation is to increase sales in order to
maximise profit level and increase revenue of the company. In relation to Tesco, its managers
develop effective strategies and use social media applications in order to reach more number of
people and increase sales of company.
Satisfying customer: It is important for an organisation to fulfil the needs of customers as it help
in attaining success and sustain in market for longer time period. In context to Tesco, it conduct
market research in order to gain knowledge about market trends and customer requirements that
help in fulfilling customer requirements and increase higher profits as well.
It is important for managers to maintain a good relationship among departments so that
they can work with interest and implement all activities in an effective manner. In addition to
this, it also help in attaining objectives within stipulated time frame.
P5 Pestle analysis of organization along with their negative and positive impact
PESTEL Analysis of Tesco
A PESTEL analysis is an effective marketing tool use to analyse and examine the external
marketing environment or macro environment factors that affect the organization. This is used to
identify the threat and weaknesses of the company through analysing the Political, Economic,
Social, Technological, Environment, Legal factors of the market. Macro environment is the
isolated environment of the firm, this environment is not controllable by firm and it is
unpredictable for organizations to control the macro environment. But macro environment play
an important role in every organization, these factors do not affect the marketing ability of the
concern directly but indirectly they influence marketing decisions of the organization. Macro
environment consists political, physical, social, economic, technical environmental factors which
sometimes have positive impact on the business and sometimes negative impact on the

organization. Tesco analyse its macro environment to identify their impact on its business.
PESTEL analysis of Tesco is as follow –
Political Factor – There are various political factors such as Corruption level,
Government rules and regulations, Trade control, import restrictions, Tax policy etc. have huge
impact on the organizations. Tesco operates their business in various countries including Asia
and Europe and Tesco’s operation affected by many political factors like variations in tax rates,
government policies and economic condition of those countries in which Tesco operates their
business. There is may be positive or negative impact of political factor on the business. import
duty on goods can affect Tesco because it imports some inventory from outside UK like China
and East Asia.
Positive effect of political factor on Tesco is that government increasing their funds
which helps Tesco in expanding their business.
Negative effect - New political forces, which are against tax reductions creates negative
impact on the Tesco business operations.
Economic Factor - Economic factors have a significant impact on how the organizations
does business and also how profitable their business is. Factors include – economic growth,
interest rates, exchange rates, inflation, income of consumers etc. there are various economic
factors that affects the Tesco like inflation in countries, changes in interest rates, cost and profit.
Diversification and presence in the international market are the two important strategies in past
years and reasons for the success of the Tesco Company
Positive effect - Decrease in the rate of unemployment have a positive impact on Tesco.
Growth in the supermarket industry, which is the main industry in which Tesco operates creates
positive impact on their business.
Negative effect - Increase in the Gross Domestic Products rates in various countries have
negative impact on Tesco.
Social Factor – Social factors also known as social-cultural factors this involves the area
of shared belief and attitude of the people. Social factors include- population growth, age
distribution, health consciousness, career attitudes, Emphasis on safety, Lifestyles, Buying
habits, Religion and beliefs of people. Buying behaviour of consumers change according to the
market trends and this affect’s the Tesco and they try to provide services to solve the problems of

their customers. Tesco must consider changing behaviour and demand for organic food because
obesity is another issue in society and customers are more concern about their health.
Positive effect - Change in the customer’s habit to buy quality products increase the profit
of Tesco and create positive impact on their operations. The adoption of online shopping by
Tesco for grocery products attracts more and more customers.
Negative effect - Increasing attitude of workforce towards short work hour have negative
impact on the Tesco. In 2013 Tesco was accused of the horsemeat scandal, Tesco’s burgers and
the organization were accused of not providing the good quality food products claimed in their
advertising campaigns which highly affect their sales.
Technology Factors – rapidly change in technology creates positive and negative impact
on the businesses. Technological factors include - Basic infrastructure level, Rate of
technological change, Spending on research & development, Technology incentives, Legislation
regarding technology, Technology level in your industry, Access to newest technology, Internet
infrastructure and penetration. Tesco is always ready to adopt new technology in order to
increase the profit
Positive effect – Development of new machine with effective technology help in reducing
the cost of production creates a positive impact on Tesco.
Negative effect – Some small firms will regard a disruptive technology as an opportunity
which unattractive to large well-established organizations, like Tesco.
Environmental Factors - Also known as ecological factors is refers to the variable
regarding physical factors like increasing scarcity of raw materials, pollution targets, climate
change and availability of energy etc. Tesco is adopting a number of measures that are aimed to
protect the environment.
Positive effect- Tesco is committed to diminish the consumption of energy and
utilization of greenhouse gases to protect the environment this step creates positive impact on
Tesco business operation.
Negative effect – Natural climate changes which are not controllable by any business
organizations creates negative impact.
Legal Factor – Legal factors are changes in law can affect the business. There are
various laws which affect the Tesco UK government is reforming the common agricultural

policy for agricultural products Tesco is also engaged in financial services products like credit
cards, savings, loans and mortgages and there are various laws regarding these services.
Positive effect – Increase in the disposal income of consumers have positive effect on
Tesco Company.
Negative effect – Highly increase in immigration and emigration rates create negative
impact on Tesco.
P6 Internal analysis of the organisation
Internal Environment – Internal environment refers to the factors existing within the
organization. The internal environment of any business is regarded as controllable factor because
the company have control over these factors; it can be alter or modify such factors as its
personnel, physical facilities, organization and functional mean, such as marketing mix to suit
the environment controllable elements are eligible to controlling the operations of an
organization. There are various controllable factors within the organization which influence the
decision-making of the business.
External Environment – The external environment refers to the factors existing outside the
organization. The external environment is, large and beyond the control of the company. The
external environment factors such as economic factors, social cultural factors, government and
legal factor, demographic factors etc (Hamilton and Webster, 2018). are therefore regarded as
uncontrollable factors. These factors are outside of an organization and affect the company’s
ability to develop and maintain its policies and strategies. The company is left with the option of
adapting to the external environment by promote observation, analysis and forecasting of these
environment factors.
Strengths Weaknesses
 Tesco build good brand image in the
market. They perform well and
generating revenue in the market.
 Tesco manage good distribution
network and maintain stability in their
potential market.
 They also maintain good relation with
 Tesco profitability ratio is average as
compare to their competitors.
 Company do less investment in new
technologies.
 Need to change structure of an
organization according to the changes
taking place in the market.

their customers. Always try to fulfill the
demand.
 Tesco adopt good market strategies for
their products.
 Tesco good at customer relationship
management which increase level of
customer satisfaction. Maintain skilled
and intelligent workforce.
 TESCO has won many awards for its
retail excellence, customer service, and
overall shopping experience.
 Tesco use technology throughout its
operations, creating cost efficiencies and
inflated service experiences.
 Ineffective and improper financial
planning of Tesco is also their
weakness.
 Tesco need to develop or plan strategies
for expansion of the business.
 Tesco spend more on workforce,
training and development which
increase their cost.
 TESCO’s subsidiaries are not operating
well as they are more unsafe for external
factors.
 In some countries their retail formats are
not working well.
Opportunities Threats
 There are various opportunities in the
market if Tesco want to expand their
business, arrival of new technologies
creates good opportunities.
 Tesco operate their business in a
niche market, they have the chance to
strengthen their position and prepare
for the times when the competitors
become strong.
 Company also cooperate with local
governments or local respected
NGO’s which creates great
opportunities for them.
 Company increasing the number of
customers through their online
platform.
 Increase in the number of competitors
could be a threat for the company.
 Development of new technologies it is
hard for Tesco to rapidly adopt the
market changes this become threat for
the company.
 Various laws, rules and regulations of
countries affect the expansion of the
business of Tesco.
 Lack of the supply of innovative and
creative product also become threat for
the company.
 Increase in the product prices in some
countries create threat for the Tesco.
 Changes taking place in the economic
factors of the countries also create

 Tesco try to accept new trends of the
market, create opportunities to get
entered in the new market to give
competition.
 Company spending money on
marketing, channels, products only
for customer satisfaction.
threat for the company.
 Shift or change in the customers liking
and preferences also affect the
company cost and create threat.
P6 Interrelation of strength & weakness with the external macro factors.
The interrelation among the strength & weakness with macro environmental factors are
as follow:
Basis Political Social Economical
Strength The higher authorities
of Tesco follows all
the laws and policies
which is developed by
the government. Due
to this, the company is
able to effectively
implement all task and
activities in a proper
manner.
The managers of
Tesco emphasise on
fulfilling needs of
employees that help in
raising living standard
and help them to
achieve their
objectives within
stipulated time frame.
The company provide
better wages to their
labours so that they
can effectively fulfil
their needs. This assist
company to increase
their productivity and
profitability as well.
Weakness Change in the policies
and rules by the
government effect
negatively on working
of company and also
occur cost due to
which the profitability
Nowadays, people are
more concerned
towards their health
and prefer to consume
products which is
good for their health as
it affect negatively on
Change in economic
conditions effect on
the overall
performance of Tesco
and also impact on the
overall and
development of

of the organisation
declines.
the overall functions
and activities of Tesco.
company.
Basis Technological Environmental Legal
Strength The company uses
advanced technology
which help in
providing quality and
in time service to
customers. This also
assist company to
build positive image in
mind set of customer
towards company.
The company uses
eco- friendly processes
and technology so that
they cannot harm the
environment and
reduce pollution from
the environment. It
build positive image in
market of Tesco that
directly has effect on
its productivity and
profitability level in a
positive manner.
The company ensure
that they implement
activities after
considering all legal
formalities as it assist
in executing tasks in a
proper manner.
Weakness Nowadays, changes in
technology taken place
rapidly and in order to
adopt this, Tesco
require high
investment which
affect negative on its
profit as well as
revenue level.
The management team
of company is bound
with environmental
issues that effect on
image and market
position of Tesco in a
negative manner.
The company is bound
with legal formalities
which directly affect
negatively on
functions and
performance of Tesco.

CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it has been analyzed that business environment impact on the
productivity as well as profitability of a company in bot negative and positive manner. There are
three types of organization that is private, public and voluntary. The objectives of these company
is different and effect on the economy of the country. The size and functions of these companies
is different and they put efforts in order to attain their desired goals within stipulated time frame.
In addition to this, there is interrelation among all the departments prevailing in the organization.
It is important for higher authorities of a company to maintain good relationship among all these
departments as it help in achieving objectives within stipulated time frame. PESTLE analysis is
adopt by companies in order to analyze the effect of macro environmental factors on business
performance as well as productivity. Moreover, SWOT analysis is uses by higher authorities in
order to examine strength and weaknesses of the organization. By the assistance of this
framework, a company is able to develop effective policies and strategies which help in gaining
higher growth and success within the market.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Akhtar, M., 2018. Managing strategic performance in a dynamic business environment: A study
of two Indian oil companies. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 37(5),
pp.47-62.
Becher, T. ed., 2018. Professional practices: Commitment and capability in a changing
environment. Routledge.
Belyaeva, Z., 2018. Business Environment Challenges and Trends for Contemporary SMEs in
Europe. The Sustainable Marketing Concept in European SMEs: Insights from the Food
& Drink Industry, p.13.
Berman, S. and Dalzell-Payne, P., 2018. The interaction of strategy and technology in an era of
business re-invention. Strategy & Leadership.
Damarwulan, L. M. and Farida, N., 2018. The Role of Quality of Entrepreneurial Networking
and Responsiveness to Global Business Environment in improving the Marketing
Performance of Indonesian Exporting SMEs. Quality-Access to Success, 19(165).
Hamilton, L. and Webster, P., 2018. The international business environment. Oxford University
Press.
Hao, Y., Helo, P. and Shamsuzzoha, A., 2018. Virtual factories for sustainable business
performance through enterprise portal. International Journal of Computer Integrated
Manufacturing, 31(6), pp.562-578.
Iguisi, O., 2018. Culture Dimensions Supporting Subgroup Entrepreneurs in Nigerian Business
Environment. In Global Entrepreneurship and New Venture Creation in the Sharing
Economy (pp. 130-148). IGI Global.
Lu, Y., Wang, H. and Xu, X., 2019. ManuService ontology: A product data model for service-
oriented business interactions in a cloud manufacturing environment. Journal of
Intelligent Manufacturing, 30(1), pp.317-334.
Mawejje, J. and Sebudde, R. K., 2019. Constraints or complaints? Business climate and firm
performance perceptions in Uganda. The Journal of Development Studies, 55(12),
pp.2513-2525.
Michael, N., Reisinger, Y. and Hayes, J.P., 2019. The UAE's tourism competitiveness: A
business perspective. Tourism Management Perspectives, 30, pp.53-64.
Rose, M. B., 2019. Networks and leadership succession in British business in the 1950s.
In European Yearbook of Business History (pp. 57-74). Routledge.
Shukla, M. K. and Pattnaik, P.N., 2019. Managing customer relations in a modern business
environment: Towards an ecosystem-based sustainable CRM model. Journal of
Relationship Marketing, 18(1), pp.17-33.
Somers, F., 2019. European Business Environment: Doing Business in Europe. Routledge.
Toma, I. E. and Mirica, A., 2018. Using Statistical Data to Better Understand Business
Environment-Case Study on Export and Import Data at County Level. Romanian
Statistical Review, (2).
Tung, V. W. S., Tang, M. F. C. and King, B. E. M., 2018. Tourism industry career prospects and
the business environment: E vidence from C anada and M acau. International Journal of
Tourism Research, 20(4), pp.518-525.

Viriyasitavat, W., and et. al., 2018. Blockchain-based business process management (BPM)
framework for service composition in industry 4.0. Journal of Intelligent
Manufacturing, pp.1-12.