Academic Skills for Business and Tourism Management Essay 2022

MGBBT0ASB: Academic Skills for Business and
Tourism Management
June 2022-2023
ID: Olivia Margareta Lungu - 2144114
Group: E1
Name of the Lecturer: Hamza Javaid
Campus Location: 191 Fazeley Street, Birmingham
Date of submission: 08.07.2022

The importance of preserving the world heritage
sites in modern society
In this essay, the author is writing about the history and the process of
operation by the world heritage. Where one of the essential parts of the work
is to select and nominate heritage sites for preservation. In addition, the
author covers the social, cultural and economic advantages of the World
heritage sites. The world heritage sites should be preserved since they
benefit the local tourism industry and contribute to local economic
development.
In 1972, the General Conference of United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organizations (UNESCO), embraced the World Heritage Convention
to analyze, conserve, sustain and promote the World Heritage Sites
(UNESCO, 2005). The Convention correlates heritage protection
programmes, on a national scale and supplies for the foundation of a “World
Heritage Fund" and a “World Heritage Committee.” (UNESCO, 1994)
According to UNESCO (2005), the criteria and conditions for nominating the
sites are to evaluate the “outstanding universal value to humanity”. “Sites
can be selected as cultural, natural or both. The designation relies upon the
sort of standards that they are considered to show remarkable condition.
(Leask, A. 2006, pg. 7)
The sites are being selected as instances of one or more requirements; in
fact, multiple submissions meet all six cultural requirements. Before 2005,
nominations were assessed against a set of six cultural and four natural
characteristics, which have been united into a single set of ten
characteristics, which include: human genius achievements, spectacular
natural phenomenon; places with stunning aesthetic importance; being a
unique, or at least extraordinary evidence of a living, or vanished traditional
culture or civilization. (UNESCO, 2005)
The first step in the inscription procedure is for a location inside a State Party
to be identified as suitable for nomination. This step is often critical and
subject to major political wrangling, with some observers questioning the
debatable priority granted to some of the sites over the others. Every State
Party must then create a Tentative List (TL), which is, according to UNESCO
an "inventory of the cultural and natural properties of outstanding universal
value within its territory,” that it is believed to be appropriate for
consideration and plans to give nominations for placement on the World

Heritage List in the upcoming years. Some of the States Parties must be
encouraged to do so, because it has been said that being considered for the
world heritage list is regarded as providing the site prestige and elevated
level of protection (Historic Scotland, 2005). Many States Parties do not have
Tentative Lists in force, which precludes them from designating sites, and
the majority of the World Heritage Sites recognized prior to 1996 still do not
have management plans in place. Much of this is due to a lack of legislative
power associated with designation, both nationally and internationally. It
irritates the experts looking for recognition and protection for priceless
resources because it allows enterprises like mining activity or houses and
roads to occur on or near designated sites.
The first twelve WHS were nominated in 1978 and the number and variety
increased to hundreds of sites. The advantages and disadvantages, the
opportunities and dangers has naturally been a source of contention (Hall
and Piggin, 2001; English Heritage, 2005), as States Parties expect to see
tangible benefits in return for the investment of launching a designation
campaign. One of the principal motives for States Parties to nominate a site
is the expected privileges of tourism activity to a place. Various authors
(Shackley, 1998; Hall and Piggin, 2001) have debated the economic impacts
of enlisting in order to evaluate the contribution of designation in any
successful gains, increasing number of visitors and revenue for future
generation, but none has come to a conclusive conclusion in favor of such
gains due to the absence of data which is typically available for the more
advanced sites. Some of the important implications suggested by Shackley
(1998), Hall and Piggin (2005), are: “international acknowledgement and
accountability; improved safety and management of site; effective planning;
economic and social improvements; political and ethnic acknowledgement
and increased tourism activity.” (Leask, A. and Fyall, A. 2006)
The inscription of the world heritage sites serves to protect the world's
prosperity for the next generations. Nonetheless, heritage sites are
commonly used in marketing promotion efforts for local tourism, and this has
drawn many tourists and improved the site's fame worldwide (Bosson et al.,
2019). Researchers began to advocate for the protection of WHS. They
believe that WHS has been formed as a safeguarding strategy to protect the
world's most remarkable cultural and natural treasures for the next
generations (King and Halpenny, 2014; Percival, 2014). Environmental
protection refers to mechanisms that involve the organization’s assets,
infrastructure, principles, practices, methods and responsibility aimed at
achieving and maintaining a specified level of ecological protection.
Numerous WHS are seriously damaged and need protection right away.
When forced to restructure and driven by expectations for income progress